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1.  ʼ   £»ŵġ

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ֻΪãȴҲȱȱ

ٴ½֮ɢŲָķۻζ߲Ӱ֮£ձ֮ʻ޵Ůſϣֱ۷з¡

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빬ˣ˵Сĸ밲أҪ˴ͬС빬һ

ϵŮ²ߣһҵСˣСѾͷŸ£ճ˳Ծ˯֪˭أ

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ʵڲߣһСǳݡ
ԴƲŲ˭ҲӣѾ˴¡

ʱĹŮᲽ£̫֮ҽǰ̽Ҫһ

Ů⻰һǧһʱӿͷȥ˭ҲƲ˿


Ҳֻɵ䲻ˣȥػ

ܻ˵ʵ̽˾ͲŮҲֻôһλ
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겻󣬽근ʮߣȴߡ
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ĸߣȴǸšĿ˵ӣ˿̻㣬ԭġ

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2.  ڶ   Ͷɣ׽׽棩

իճ֮أƽﳯõ˴󣬰Ų㣬ȫǰ޵ϲòáѰʱ򣬲ڴټ⳼

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ӻףȴɾӣź۵˼ڸ֮ףѸߣ˵´ʱ£οƾ٣¼ڲʮѧӣΪҴĽɽשߡ
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֮УվҲģһ۾ű״ԪɣɸΪ۵Ŀʢ̽ɣ½֮
ģúãԱλֻƵģĵΡǰվǶҲ̲ס࿴һۡ

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3.     ҵľȻǣ

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˵ŹȹŮ겻ʮİ飬ǸѾͷÿնȥи

½̽ҲǵģȻҪңҪͻ빬е
ÿͻּ⻹δ¡

˿ּֿ˵¡

еëʵ˵ϣ졣

æȰοʶô²Ϊġ

⵹Ҳûģﶼ𾪡
½֮ͻȻͳң
ôȻˣ





4.     Ը£Ѱ

ʮ̽ɣſǰ;һɹ
͵ּ½֮ʷ̨ǰʵϾ״ԪɶΣȥһĸ١
̽ɾҪҡ
һ֮£⳾ж˻˺쳾ȥĹĿ

ô붼벻ף½֮ⷬٶ𾪵Ըӡ
Ҳ֪ǲиУ꣬űӣ̹ǡ

֮Գɡǰ̨

ƢãȴְڣֲǷ½֮ޡ½֮Ըⱻѡαͻ
ٽͻǰϦôҪˣ
뷣ʮ
˹

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̲ס֮һӳϣжʹ

ͣס˽ŲŹ̵ܱ½֮½֮ȻѾһѪˡ
½֮ȴ˫ۣһԲ̹Ȼụ֮̋·ӳ鵽ʱ˿ۡ
½֪֮ģӿֵŭҲɢȥ
ֻһ⣬̹ȻԣΪΣ
ôҪ

ĵܿעӡ

֮ˣ

˴˴һðȰţ£HȹɾͲˣƲ

ɡҪٱޣ

ΪѣѲСڻҪ½֮鲻ɣ
æȰ£½ܷ֮Ҳѽ¡

򴽣¶ЩãȻ֮ɫҲŲҪΪ飬ֻлҪ

̵̫࣬û˭ĵʧϵȣÿһ޶ܳ鵽Ƥֲ˽ǡ

½֮ѾܲʹĸԸģÿһ޳ϣеѰһ֡
ʱԵЩûɴͳҵͷ
ֻǼѪףԸᡣ
ȻʦԲһջẦ˺ʦԡ

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ڴ
ռԸ˳ãȢ˹
ֻĳһգʱƽһλ֮ˡ

Һãһж

Ķֻǻƿı죬ȴԽ̹Ȼ
֪ʱʮڷꡣ
룬һ̾ҪȥҲ޻ڣΪҵԼĵ

ʶɢȥ֮ʱһ𣬡ΪҪң

۾ˮģ۾ǰ˵ӰűˮģȴҲֹסҫ۹â
ǰ£ɡͷΪסꡣ

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֡

½֮ſڣÿһǻʹһ̡

ʱԵڷǰģԸڷǰ̷
ֻǼѪףܶϾ
ճԸù顢;ұ¿У½鹡
ֻҵͷһֱҲϾ

˵˼䣬Ŀ

Ҳ򣬾岻ǺεȱӲ
ԽԽСҲ˵ԽԽ״ΡҪϸԡ

Ҳ룬һ죬ԼֹˣҲԼ

ԣһж

Խ˵Խɡ

ĿǰһۣҺδǰˡ

Ը£Ѱˡ

˵һ仰Ҳ֧Ųס

ãȻ޴Ķڴˮʪ

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ǶĿһһʮǳжԻһ顣

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ϸȴû졣

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ȻתüĿȻüĸͦԵ˫ĿΪ䣬ǰ㲻״Ħ˼ȥһѩĥ͸Щʲô
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һͽʹ˽£ˡ

һֱţлһ޵㣬ⲻŹ߳ѬϣᣬЩϤζԴȴ͵ĺܣûĶżζ

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ͷ󣬷һ߻صƼù̽أûѣƼù÷¶ȥˡ

ĵͷ˵Ҫˮ

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ŬеζֻϧǹѾŵй߶ķɢȥҲŲˡ
Ƽùõһů㣬žͽǡ

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ʱ͵ȥСĿǾ߱ߵʬĿ˫ֱֱصŵ¶û˯š
ʮޡ
½֮ܳס
Щ١ 

Ҫ˵жϲ½֮Ҳ̸ϡ£ͼ½֮棬ֻ½֮ĿΣҲǸѡ
Ҷܿص½֮Ѿȥ˴ȶ£
ǽˣȴһ꣬Ⱦ˷纮

˵ЩʲôȴĲɣűˡ

һգⳡ˺ˣֻǻ᲻ʲô
̫һȦΪ½֮Եʣù׼˻
οж֮ѵҲһʵѡ𣿡
½֮飬ĲԣƶĪΪѰա
ǽˣ͢ѡһػ񡣡

һǶѵı˻ҪߵĻ񣬾;ͷƤ顣
ʱѡ½֮ɲΪԺˣ
ǣæѰ˸ؾôãһûȥ̫Ϊӵܣ˲ʦصٿٿ
ƶˣЩʱɩɩ˵̫Ӧһ̶й뿪ٿ





5.     

˵Ϊ뿴ҵĽڣٿһҪȥ̫

£Ҫȥ̫̫ĹΣɻûдء̫ɲǻ׹ݣ֦ҶСѧϸ񣬸ðְӵʱ򣬾顣

ֻ֪ǻȶ˵ˣٲȥ̫ܹ鲻ʡ̫˴üˣܶɲΥʦΪЩ̵̫ܳŮð
ûбһ̣ԼҪһ˾صĳ

ʵʱڣϢȥĺܿ죬ǳؾů˴Ϣ

⻻ŵǳɫȹһͷīɫֻð췢ʩ죬ʮס

ѾδȴҲԹ־û£Ҳһ⣬ĲͬѰ

ʱǵ˳̫ϡ

̫ǰ⣬µʾʦ𾴣̲סһ

壬ֳ̫һʥ۵ͽߣ۵ʲôݣǿɶùԹ԰ӡ

̫м̫е鷿ȥ

̫Ѹߣͬͷһף۽̬һյİֻȴһΣȿȿտա

й񣬡̫

̫ݣ½ٺ᣿Ʋ͵۸ǰȵ۵ģ

Ϊ飬ҽ̫ͬϻĹΣٿҼա

ǿѾȥ궬ǰĹΣһˣΣһֶûд

ԭΪ̫𱸣óǰµĽߣΪ͵̫ɴǹңĴ

̫ĿȰʵѵһ

ԡ

⻹ΪԼˣ̫˵𣬡Ѿͬ²Ϊ͵ԸΣ⼸˼þò±ʣԸ֮ˣȻٻ

һ㶣ʲôʱΪ̫飿ô֪ңûи߹䭣ٳٽ˹εԭ򡣰ôܲ͸ʲôն˵£ɢ

̫ڼ˵Ե˼𰸣ʥ۶ĺ

ŵĸʣѵɫص׵ģ̫

û뵽̫

һ״̫̫ͬŮѰææ⣬˿̻鷿š

ЩڣסˣȻԸѪ̫ң̫æòɿʱǡ

ˣʵ£ͻع𣿡

ͷȥ֮Ƕѻţûеڶܶȥ

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һԣ֪ٴεı̫ĹĿԾüͷչ֪ûܽ𰸡
Ҳ̫ҽ⵽׸ν⣬ÿÿڲֻܸ࣬ҵ·ա

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ѣ̫ˡ
գ½֮ͬ˵һЩ֮С

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룬ȥ

ǡ

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˴æ⿪˴ţæҪ£ֻ񣬳˺¡

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סֻܸ󲽳Ժȥ

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Ժ֮ͷҪһţӵŮѾʧ˻ǵľ

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ֻ£Ҿţѹ
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ŵһģǷˡ
ַ䣬ȴסӣѵ£ˣѾȥǻǿ߰ɡ
ھ̫ã˿ѾҹжѾٲȥҲûסھĵ

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ַ˱źӣĿԶȥֱҲæźӻص䡣
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ǿĿͷϣֻʣĸˣͲӰ
۵˵Ѿûˣȴǿžַͬ˵
ҲǾٿ㡣
ģ

ַӲűﲻסˣ߲ߵҽӵϢʱ򣬵ֻ͵˸С

ÿˣס˸СȻңҾͼˡ

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˾ǰͣһӴ

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ⲻͷһսỹδ׳ΣͷϺһ멽ȫס







6.     Ķͷȱ֣

£סкֻǰ谵²ȣǰһᣬѿڶûԤ֮ˤʹȵһůĻ

ľʧʱɢȥ

ȣǹůҲȥ

ϤԴ𣬡㻹

һ£ŴһţȫȻɵĿŶŵˡ

䭣ô
ȻЦۣΪȰĿ⿴ڶˣѵרҵģ

̧ۿ˴һЦһ˲ָֻ糣

ɢġ

˵䣬ߵ˳ᣬʹȥ

ɢĶɢſˣʵʹ뾲һʱĳ̣ɢĻ᲻̫Զ

䭣С
̲סСֹһ䣬־ԼϻŴֶТĴ멣ٱЩʶôҴֶɫ鲻ãͲƽϴֶӴʱùöˡ

ԭ󣬶˸ͷ֪ôĪ;ųмֱơ

æµһգֲĹȣⲻʱ˯ӿϣƤסµŴ멿԰ߵϾҪ˯ȥ

ˡ޵Ȼǰ˿һ飬ڴｫԼʵʵģֻ¶һ֪Ƕˡ
纮ҲźãͿʼΪ
ȥָḧǰ˹ĶͷָֻǺܿ죬쵽ǰ˶δָѾջء
ǰƾűóҧһڣʵ۾һ˫˯⡣

Ŀⲻͣ˱𴦣ǲ˯ˣʵˣ

ԭЩˣ⻰˾񣬡ĸŮƽҾֻüһۺӣǸʲôģûп

һۣƼ˸ͮͮӰӣ˿̲޿ϧ⻹ͷһؼŸճӤҲûܿǸʲôģٿͳòһˡ

Цһ޳ʲôģһ˫۾һӣһ졣ѲɹùΪȱ˶೤һ۾೤һ죿

ǹ
ѲӤóʲôģ̾ͷҵ˼ǣ֪͡Ǿ䡣

ҪԺǸƯɰСѾͷͣˣҾ

ھ¶ŭ˿ҵйĵط

ǰһ䭣ǲҲ֪ʲô£Բġ㶼ΪԺﻹҷǰ޼ɵ⼸Ӳʣ˷֧ǧ
ǵΪ

йƬ̵ãȻ
ĺլ£ûȤ֪

ߵ﷿֣ͬ˵ˣͽͬﳳһܣʧˤ˲豭Ųȵˮյ
ֲǰʲô˵ԭ׾ԼЩһʬ

Һãеģȡȥ̫ҽ
Ȼǳ£ҿǺá

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ԼǸСѾͷűֻ֣ǰֳԳأȥ⡣

һкβɵ鿴
꣬ǴС͸ֶӣѲľͲܹܹ

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Ҳû˵ɣֻ׼ô

ȴǽסˡ
üͷ§ס˼š

ͰٴҲ֮ʹ
ʲôɴԼˮ

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˼⣬޸ˡ
ǳֲ͵׵˳ĵطࡣ

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֪˵еȴΪﲻƽôԣҪ︣󣬽տɾһʬ

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ģ֪𣿡޵Ȼʵ

⽫סˣնûļͬ˵ϻ֪ġ

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ΨһΪģԼ
մںˣóȻΪͷǻˣǻ
᲻Թ㽫ԭϢҹִ󣿡

·̣ĬĿϣΪ롣
޼û˯⣬Ҳͬ˵ļ¡

ţһͣͷҲصĳŹȥˡǼ멡

ڴ˺ţæǰɡ£̫ҽںţƽءˣעϼǵƽʱԣ̫鷳ˡ

Ӧһ̧ų෴ķȥ

£ˣ

æʹˣ˵檣˷֧ǧӣүд£֪ģүͬˤ˱ӣͲСĲȵˮˤһӡҵ͵£Ȼ롣

ͣ£üЩ޶֪

֧ǧӵ飬в;

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¡
ŹⶼŵǺӭš

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Ϊ飬һ·϶ķúܣ˵Ļ飬˵е
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̫ȥ̽ȥ˾

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δãдܡ

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⻰֡

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ﾲĬһ˲Ҳͣȴ̹˵£ͱˣܴ׵

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Ҳһ

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ûܴ϶ã㱻ѣҪ뿪
֪ˣǿʹЦͬ𣺡ҳӣҾʹȥ밲ű֣ϴҲû취





7.     ҪΪ￼

عԺ鷿ͷ֡
ʵϰֻ֣Ҫʱ鷿ž

ƽ͵֣ۡ

רĵīĺܣ˿һתʣ£Сƽ£ôҲأ

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ⱻһҭ
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һ֣һСʰīδɵֽһߵ£Ҳкµ¡

߳ŭСѾͷʲôҲҪˡ
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ôһڴ
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⻭վֻܿƤ࣬룬㶼ۿ֪˽Ƥ࣬ҲҪ˽顢̸Ρ

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һ굽ͷҲֻж¶̧ͷһգܶӽʷ

⽫ͷõǰ˿ȥûнʷͷѾˣ򴽣͸˵Ǹýʷˣǧ˿ýȥ

֪˼Һòٿպˡ

⻹Ǳһ˳õͷԸŽ͢Ȼѡ˶ʮλѡڴ࿴

ȰʮλӣòѧƷԽһ룬ܹһõ⣬ⲻȵֻͨѡˣ

йָ֯͢££ѵˡ

֯ǰΪרΪյĴ׼

˵ˣƼ£ʱ˵ѡԺ

̫ϲ궼칬磬سŶµĺ贺硣
дּ⣬˵ǽٻĲһʵҪΪ³࿴ѡҵĽڡ
³󣬱࿴ҲҪȫ档

ֱͣ͢æ
ⶨǣҲʼæµ빬׼

˻ĴҲȻһ£Ⱦ˴ⰻȻ

˺ü״£鲻
˵ĸַ֯Ǯ

»δ£˽£Ǻ¶أպңԸȥˣӾڳء

ֺ£
ǰһ£㳯ȥ

һֱžˣֻ̫ҲȥãϢҲûͬ
û뵽鷢չֵز
ôὫ檸ȥ٣¼ֱǳŲ˼ķչš

һһ߽µȥװס

˵λžţͬһһŸأشϲ鳯йԱ˽·Ÿ֮£ǧӸշųȥͽд¸ץ˸š

һ͵úͿʲôӣŻļ檣´˵ȴ

׷˳ȹһأ½վʹЩϧֻҪ¸˾ͺá
ֻ׻˵ĶжˣǺǧӣҲʱˡ

룬ֱﲻԾĵط£ɲǺһ˵ģѵûŮˣֻӣ;ȻͲ˼棬Ҳ˼ӣ˺˼Ҳ
ô룬һдԴͷӦ͡

ʱ˳⣬մãֵļѿǸ⴦ɭׯصĹ˼ֻ

ǰ꣬ժء
ȥһ궼סۣûг浽ʲôζ


ͷϲŷѿôʹ˻أת۳˱ǰ밲
¡

˵أ²ȵȡ

Ҳá˵ͷ㾶ֱȥ





8.  ڰ   

ôʹ򻨰ˣ˵ǲǳˮ⡣

վ¶Ͽĸ۵װɫСĥš

ɲŵأҶӶŷѿҪˣƵۡ

ĪǣĪǣ

˵˾ϾҪˣ
Ҽǵǰʻʱͬ˵Сʱﳤˣͷϵ˶֪
ƵǸǧ澫
ӵͦ𣬹þͺܺÿ
˵ǲǣ

Ϊѣڳ˭˵
οķˮʹõĵطӣǰа֡
ƫҵհ޽ɣʲô˵ڡ
˵˵ҲͰˣҿڡ

֪˭һ䣬ŶŮ

ȻȻӵǵȻǸҵβʩʵĶ

ӻ˲˼㵱겻ǿźҪ쿪ӣ˸ˮܻγѰģ

ʱ£ɫһգ˭˵ģ

ⶼǰˣʱɲ꣬˼ʲŻˡ
Сʱʲôֻǵǰ˶ڴǰʹ飬Ҳ¶֪

һ֣ƶ
ߵԣȥոʵ֣ʵֺܴůȵؽסٸȥժϵĻϵĹһΣȴ˵ĺܡ

ʾҪˡ

ҲǺ⣬ҪȥĶƶҲȥ

Ҫȥĵطƶʱȥչ˺㰢һգʻǣס𣿡˵仰ʾҲûѹ
˺þãʻ

˴ǰЩˡ

ѵС֪µʱ򣬾ͲһЩ׵

˶֪ˣҺ˵˵

˵ˣòԾ͵ת˱Զ⣬ǰվԶģˣޣϾվԭأҪܱʲôġ

ȣȿȡ
ҪڣȴˮǺͿ˼ƹ޵ӰͷȥվڹŴ͡й񣬱ͷҲ̧뿪ȻΪԾˡ

ǰű˳

ɫ΢䣬Ǹɫ˲ܴĦЩʲô䵭ɫ

ôõͣ˳ʵ

ȴѾߣؾիٸ㡣

է𣬴֦ͷ֮ζЩ䣬Ծȥͬ޲У˵һ𣿡

ûֻǰߡ

⻹ǲģסӻ˻Σѽ

ޱ㡭ߵĸˡ

ںͷǶ˼粢ǰߣ̲סüͷ
ͷǹ뷨ٴξҪӿͷԴһѹԸĪǷˣҺ˼롣
̧ͷ죬ŷܲһ굽
һ̫ˣɱ˼롣һ֣
ͬ²ΪСһ󣬹ϵ׽ԾǳɴˣҲһ׽ȻΪԭɡ

ߵ˾ի⣬Ǵµ೤ϸ飬˿

˵й˴ɡӣͷһƣȹڻմˮɴúܣմˮɫ˿ǳɫһһŵĵס
û취ڴϴˡ

ö˶˵ôˡϧѡ̲סϧ

һ˵գʹһءյ䲻ֻһѣ˭Ҫϲء

ת˲㽫Ժ˶֮ˣڿԸ˰ɣôõͣ

˼һ꣬ûһٺ»

ɴ۾ôŹ

޲֪뵽ʲôǹһ˿ԴĳЦѾ𣬾ǹܼҲϣʧ֮𡣡

⻹粵޺һһǹùҪΪ롣

ڰһȲ裬֪Щʲô
֮й˵Ķԡ

Ҳû׷ʣйδ˿ͷҲ̧˹

һæŴһһֻŷûʲôס

֪ʲôʱͣˡ
סˣ䭣仰һɳ˾իˣ߾ߡ
Ӳͷ
ߵ̫Զͻʧ

еͣһϢֺּ֣ܿ

իҲ֮żֻëֽϵ춯

ʱյţػ£Ѿ뾩ڳͿС

תۣ

ò칬͢ʢ磬ǽ׼峿컹δŶʢװ磬ʱɳżС̤빬

ֵĺܣϸߣԷȥ

ɫ΢Ź˾Ϳʼж

ŴСʮˣˮ£밲

ɴʺİβϣδж

΢΢̾һ˴űӣ£ˡ

ͷ˯˷۾ӱ̽ͷʼݣ´Ьֱʱѡ

ϣֵĺܣ½񳿾ͶЩš񷽸⡣

˵ĶԣϣСĺܣܲʧ˳档ͷȻʸ빬ļҾ춼
ʱһֶֶŮֶֶŮڸǰܲùɡ
*
򱱴󽫾׼ңҲ֣ͬ˶֪մΪ࿴׼Ҹպýӵּ⡣

׼Ů˷ܵ׼
رǰ׼ҵλǵһزμӹ磬ȸԾ֣ɫδʱѾϴϣ˰Ϸ˷УȴŰϷʰϡ

״׶Ѿʮ꣬࿴ҵͣȥŻؾİ׼ȴûжٺ˼࿴빬ΪԼĻ£ҲҪڴϺúñ֣ȡºӡ

λ㾫ĴĶԱϣԵزۡ
۵ϣһ˿͵ĳ
ɱ״Ƴ״һüã⸱˭

ңûСһҲȥȻһܼģ

״￴⸱ΨΨŵŵģҸ㣬Ҫǳ˲ӣ׼ߡ

Ҫ˵⸱ӣɴͱ빬ˣǻʱŭ˳óǰ׼ƫҪӰ˰ͬĻ£׶һԴǻ

״šüͷҲ˵е

ʹͷվһԣλԹ˿̧ͷƾԹ

λڰϷ˷ִǾϷˡ
Ϸ˴ӷ˳ɫ£λ

Ϸ۽Ůһһд٣Ҫ磬˭׼𣿡

Ůǣĸ

ﴹͷ˷Ⱥ֮У빬

ʼ԰֣ɽˮ̨ͤ¥ɽ֮䣬ʮһٲͬ˴Ѿ겻ȫţ괺磬õ԰ֵȫŲãǾȻСϣΪǰĹ·˿
ǹ͢ʦּ䣬Ŵյӣ˷ﴫϲá

յֳٲϷ԰֮еϷѾʰ׵

Ҳڴ˵Ⱥʱ
ȴŹ𣬡̫ݵʱ˷׷

̫˷
Ϸ̨
йŲǰ̫밲

׼һԺգǻȨԺѰɼľ㲻óڡ
Ϸ˶ţλ
ָؽеĽ

֪˶á
Ǹ֮һλŮ٣ͷʾ⣬Ϸˣλǰ˵

һͷĸˡ





9.  ھ   С

̫һϷ 

Ϸ̨ŨϷʡ

̫ϲÿϷе˱㶼ֵ²ֻ̫ʥʱ֣Цˣĺȥ԰ߣŰϷ

ļλ̫ЦɲǣƼ԰ͷݶüã԰ﻹаϷ´ǰ𣿡

Ҳá˵ͷ̫㳯ȥҲϷ󣬸ȥ԰֡
̫´磬ȴҲû̫ıǣȥ䡣˵翪ŮҲûǰֻҪĪʧ˷ִ硣ǻʼҪס
԰ߣȥǶʮλѡдʡ

˲Զ˺Ȼס֣ЦʵСùãЩѡ˭һ
ЦḡЩȴִ˲ܼķ

عȴǵĿ޲ɷŮӣһΪղء

ŮЦСùýѡҵȻֻǽЩ԰ϷѾΪ˲̫Ϸ£ⲻûȥ𣿡

ﲻ֪˿̲޹ĵǲ˯

˵Ĳˣ֮ŮءѶʮжһɫϲװ磬ĵɫ˫ġ
ʮǰսһһŮȵ۽зͣطΪλͬ
ֻ󣬱ȴⰫһ

֣ЦСùþͱҵˣСùȥЩӣ˭ܳΪҵСø

Ǹպߵ˷ֲ·ڡ
ǰͷ·ͨͬȥ

ǰߵ£ʮλӷֱϵĳͣȥء
ǡҲˣЦ·϶ˣСùȥ·ϼ˭أ

ָո¹꣬Ҳ֪˿н·ɨɾùÿһò۾С¡

ߵ֪԰ӣϽȥ԰гڣǿҲûв밲ĵεԭСùȥ࿴Щӣӿǲˡ
ȻֱعȥϷģ˵԰ˣȥ̫Ҳ˵ûˣء

лתȴǴȻȥ֣ЦҪ˵ʮλùõĹҲ
߻˵׵Ļ⻰һΧ˶̲סʧЦ

ǲһأϲߣϾͻ࣬ͬ˻һ𣬸ڱ

⾪۾Բε˶ʮĪ˵ĸô룬̫϶ҪȥҸʡ

ⶼϻˣ̫ȥߵʱ⵱ŮĻҪƵÿȥҪ˵ϴĻʱλǰһɲ
ĸ󣬷ΪĸЩǣңܹúϢҪǴȥĸ󲻵ñ
ʱ׷ĪФˡ

ĸжʮֱδţ亱
ңΪ˸Լ鷳鷳ġһÿۣʮ䣬ʵ̫ˡ

ʮĻոǰ͸Ͻҡҡͷ⻭Ͻʧ

һЦ˵꣬û֮ǰôˡ

ˣֵͬСù˵ЦأҼǣҾСùá 

˵⻰ؾȥϷ
һվԭأ¶֮ɫ
˵ʮˣû˭й֮˵Ҳûжһλ

·ÿ·ϵ˶ͬһҪȥ˭أ

ҲŹǰվڤ˼롣
С鷳һҪѡ飬ϲһ㣬Сź򳤴Ȼ֪

ʱʥǰֻѡʣµһҪ䭡
ϲԾ񵽵׷һźá
˺óʱŲòһ
ǰǿѡ߷ˣҲΪʹһﶼƵǰ˭ҪСߣҲҪ
Ϊ䭷Լõõһߡ
ɹõ

ΪϲĶȥѡ

ڣҪѡһ·һλȷѡ˭ÿһҪȥѡ񣬾мִѹȸС

Ҫط˵ǰ㣬ʮ˶ΪǾȫҪˡ

վȶˣ¶˾ģΪĸԸһҪһ
̧žѡߵ·

һȥ

ͣתңߺˡ·ȥ̦Ҫˤô죿ұߺãұ߿ŵɾȥҲӡ

ͣ£УУм·ˡұ·ó棬óˡ

һȹڣмȥ

̲סЩ´˿̿ɲΪ˶мӣ˭ûбУͲȥ

м·ϣпɼ÷С¹鶯ɰɢֻⲽּͤʱС¹;ֵĴɢȥ

ͤţһֱһ˿ЦݣŶ˽Ŵ̵Ĺ¡
ںܺڣΪʲôѡѡȥͷһĻλԶӣȻǸ¨ӣﻹûаӣѾʮλĹ¡

ӵ¼һֱʵսһйͷ­Ĺ£ϸϸͬһء

游ҲʥһԱͽ

䲻̣ɳСǱػĺƽЩһֱбգԴһ׵֪¿ɷʳ׳һأ

յͷǰιһ磬ޱ߶ԶѾεһ˿ͤԵһ껹δɵĿСޱȵĵһϣпƽ⻬


ϰ֮˵˺ǺÿȽˮ
Ŀת
ƽĿһСҲⶾ֣֣⵶ȥŷպܳΪһ
һ
ЦãҲûȰֻ˴˴źĹ䣬æԶȥĲ

ƹ䣬羰ȫͬ

¹ո߳

Զܼ£顣

Ÿ£ԣֳֺӣ岻˿һʱ䣬ų¡֮ϣڰӷȥΪƾС

ͬĵĵڶλѡӺֿ޵ⲽʮȻڴ˴˫ɣƲɵ

ǿʼĺֻҪһӣᱻһ䣬˭ϲлأֺá

غϺһöӣҪ£ֻһȣһλã˶Էĺӣһ¡
ȴԷޣⲽ壬Ī

ⱻƮ˿еһģʱԭ
һ





10.  ʮ   С¶

֮ˣԶ˲ɼΪһʻ֪¿ɴӦ
ԡ
СʱȥŤŤΪ̫öӲĲӣȴƼǻȻû꣬깤ʱңңڣҪ޳һ

Ľ¶ܼ꣬һ棬ҡ
£Сʱѵ빬̫Ӱô󣬼ӣҵСǣҲʣǼλˣѲ˻̫Ӱôû

ʣ㶼ûΪλĽ
Ϊòǡǲѧ˫ֻ׵Ѿ
ڴĵŶԷĿޡ 

ԷȴͻȻ˿ǡ


΢΢̾һһ

԰֣ԼϷ̨һϷÿϷ˻Цϣ԰־ĴĹ﹫ǵĻЦ
ĵԼࡣ

Ѿλˣ˲ںһյžԼ»˹һ磬һȺˣǸʽۻҡ

£ѾʮλӣаλûصѾԶӡӡ̹ӡ֮ӡ

̧̧֣῿ϣһˣס˶䣬ˣҪúЪһ

Ը˽˴ʶϣ˴ͨ磬һ˴԰һ¥ֻϢĵطҲ˻

˲裬̾û˼Զһ׵԰ӵҪ֣ӷл˵ĺô˵ϹأɵӲɣǳ̹֮ǰûңλĽѾãһǷл

Կ£ϵڰĽĹǰǻ֡ʮλӣչʾŵ㣬¡
޷ǾΪĽ£Ҫõ·İˡ
ƩԶӣӵӢˬ衣գȴΪ˺¿ģӮΪ˲е¿ӣÿһӶǡôҪ¶ۼĿ޵¡

ˣҶˣ԰ЩȸżʱǻῪչʾԼƯë

鵹˲⻰Ц⼸λӣѧȸ

⸽͵ͷû

飬ݵúԣ⻰ͷʲôӡ

ۼԽ˵Խ񻰣Ͻס˰顣

ֿͬЦһţ̾ҵ⺢ԣŮ֮˿ϣҵǵ

İ˸ˣҪͬһҾһºˡ

ѣһĺӻЩص££Ͷѡأ

վ˸ȥɣع

߹ţϣʻʢСϣڴ˵Ⱥ򣬿밲첻飬¡

λͬǰʮλûʲôĿʳۣ࣬ûокβͬ΢΢ףֵ̧ٽض񡣡
Լǿž׼Ӧǰˡ

麬Ц˴ݷï֪¿ߣ

⻷ܣ¾²СڻСҲá
ʮŲ˲ͬѰĵطôһԵģӦ֮ǰǼλһԼ

ڣ£С¡
ͷȥǰԶĵطһǳǳĿӣǲȥ䲻ڵȴҲŹۣʧ档

ȹƹǴǰߣߵ¶վԶɼԶӰ֡
˴²΢Ҳ촵һپĿ

΢΢һЦżƣ֮ɫ˴羰ã¾Σ

˲٣˫۸ŷḧյˬǲ
ôˣɲľƣ
磬ࡣ

˾վţƬ֮ⷽſڣûʲôͬ˵𣿡
ܿ´˿̵Цݣ㡣

ôҵ黰һ綼Ѿ˲֪٣һλĲȻдһƪֵʫ
ô򵥵һ仰ȴûͬ˵
΢΢һ㶣ƫͷȥŰ
ͬǰʮ˺ЩһûһʱҪǰչʾԼ

һЦ¶һ˿ᣬֻ̧ۿǰ

ⲻɵö˼棬һž˲ֹ˵ᣬһɫԲ̹磬԰췢ɫŰ׾ʵ佫ӣĹӸ硣

Ҫ˵ȴ£йһŮæ

סȥ·ʵôżæţʲôȥûƼڴ˴

Ůæ£ŵӳͬվĵطٽˮˣΧ˶ˮȥȾ

־Ժλ˭

ȴͱɫǸ£ѣòȥɫü٣ü۶Žǡ

Ȼԭǰ׼ҵҪЩȥ

䣬ĿһۣתߣʱͬŮһʧ¡

⻹վԭأ̫ҽȥλ

ͷȥԸʣ£Ҫȥһλӣ

룬ɡˣһأ

ɼͷ⼸λʱЩĲˡ
ǵ˼ģֻҲûü˵仰ˡ

ţ££

ôˣѹмλ

صʮλӶѾˣǰߣǺϣ¿Ҫȥɢɢ





11.  ʮһ   ϲˣԲǣ

ʱǴĸѰ⡣
ǺϵĻС

ȥСùԭ͵С

ⲻĿ㻹˵Ҽأⶼ࿴ˣҲӰ

䣬ԣЦҰ˵òȥѵһҪϷ

ҿǺòײùá

ŶסضӹھߣԶҲÿ³һʮ壬ȥʱҲû취ʵͷۡ

Ķаϸ۰׾֣ʮָȾޢſһ㣬޽˲ƿۡ

ùֺαѡ֮·أùǴҫ۵飬ѡ˭ǶңϸΪùùһ׳λ

Ҫ˵ùֺйǣѡ˭ʵһֻҪƵ˳ۣӹĲˡ

ǹùòˣùôһһȻҸϺӡ

һüһ˿֮ϣԼˣ׺󣬷޲ϣֱһ˶Էһ˺ڡôЩʦĸշѾĻģͦ

ùúαΪѰգ 

Ʋ֣ſڻϿź³һݡ

˰ΣſڣҸʺĸǰ÷ᷢ޺ʮ꣬𣿡
ĸʣ϶õӣֹĸǺɷ򣬶Ǻøס
Ȼȥ磬ǼǵǰֻҪпգͻĸ󣬶΢Ʋ׵ȥĴС䡣

ǵһأǶ˸մˣֲֹŴԺҪʲôʾ͸ĸҲһݡ
Ѱ˰ʱ⡣

΢΢˫˵һﲻ֪ЩʲôЩ˿̽ѹ

Цˣһ֮ǰġ

ҾȻˣһ壬ÿһǻôһ֡

游ǳ֮ˣҲˡ

СùãȻҲˡ

ӦǾ׻һ˲һţѪ֮˵ܹġ

ֻϣôණ˿ģƫƫȴ鿴ıһжҪҷѽ⡣

ԭȡЦ⾹Ϊ׼ȷץסλĹؼۡ

⻹ͷһô˵ȵȣôգ

һֱΪҪ̶ȣ¿϶ŵһһжҪվ

˲鶼Ժһֻź棬ûϲĸﰡ
ҪϲĹ
϶ңҲ᲻֪ġ

һЦСùôȷ¾һϲ˭

ֱ׳ǵȻù

ңͬÿ춼棬ҪϲĹˣô֪ܲ

Ц⽥ֱֻϼƤ񶼿Ҫһأʲô񡣡

̧һУúнȿֺʳɫĽһ
֣̾ϢСùһ˽¡
ϲһˣϲ֮á

𾪣ôܣͰ䭴СһСʱιأǶôСĹùá
ôܻ᲻֪һϲĹ

׷ʣңϲĹ˭ϲʶ

ȴ֣λֳǰߣϲ˭ҿɲܸ߹ùá

ΪʲôΪʲôܸң
ƶ׷š

ضѽϲ˭

ҿɲܸ߹ùáȴؿƿһ·ô׷ʣǲϻش

ȵʱˣ̫Ƕ˸磬ĵס˿ڡ
ͷèץһ㡣

ϲĹô룬벻ӦûǸʲôģ

ǴֶӣǸӲһ۵ǧľͷʮˣͷһûС

⹬ĹŮŶǰĳµԵʣҲǰաԱеҪŮ빬ѡɰϻһʮ֮ǰܳ׵ҿѡ֮£ЩĹҲûܼĻᡣ

һ굽ͷʮ죬ڴЩæĳ
ÿܼŵĶ̫ࡢ
ȺܲǹаŮװİɡ

˵˵

ѵ˵һ֣˵뷨
ȵסԼ죬Լѿڶ
ֲضϸϲ˭أ
ضû˵ϲǲǸҡ

̫쳣ʵƶôˣôô죿

˶ͣеĿӿҡҡͷæɩɩû£Щȡ

ɢŮԹȥټ԰ع

̫԰ɢһգЩƣˣٿ֮ǰеһ䣬еģ
𲻳֣Ҳˣȥúٸ߰Ҳ١

̫תȥأȴѾԶȥ

ƵĻŹضңߣ
ʰϲ˵˭

ҵţ˿ʼһ˫۵ɵԲ

ϲ֮õˣ

ɸʮˣ





12.  ʮ   ùã

峿æµģɫδʱʼһֱϸͷ᷽ɢȥҪ߻½鷿ۣʱĳ´޷ؾիϢʱŻ߿顣

մ峿𣬾ЩͬѰ
ʱ֣ڶǰɺӵ˿˿ڣ㵽ʲô

Ҿ뿴㡣Ц棬˫ָϣ°ͣĿת
һ磬רžھիš
ǰôû֣㳤ÿȻûҺÿ
ɴŵǰһ飬ܾøǱɶȻ۲ޣҪ˽޵׶˭̬Ȳһ㡣

ԼҵĶÿŻϸ޿˴Σž޺ʱѾȫ˴ģ߶Ų˺ӵǣе֮ˡ

ͬǰʱʵ̫

һʱЩ㱣ĸʡ
Լǳòɰ䭾мʡòѵҲᴫﲻ

е鲻Сһǡ

ֻһ˲ɫָֻ糣
˽⣬ж״˿ûʲô¡

ҽջ֣ߵЩǰҲܲҲüĿ㡣ٽ̽

û뵽ôõ˿ޣĪȴæЦлūŶʮˣû뵽ܵõ¿ޣūҡ

潫һأҼǵãʮǰҲǸˣ˽ǣûǷݿ㡣

ܳСڽаôͻȻ
Щʮǰȷʵò⵱̫ģֲ룬ҲΪģãܵӸǰź
ʮ갲ӹˣ˾Ŀ֣ҲˣҲԲˣ̬շ

æūŻ֣̿ūŽʼͽţ׼ϰ£ū⽫ǿ϶ûˡ
ͷͬǺ£۵ĹҲʱͬ˵Ҫ̬ӯܳ١
䭴Сź򳤴ģѵÿɹһҪźá

ؼֱǿҪӯˡ
мˣʵף˳ġ

ūŶǵ½ս̻壬һúñ塣

˾ھիһһ͵һĪȴʮʵеĶԻ

իҲû˾ġ

Ƥһϣһ죬ùҪôУȥΡ

ⲻ⣬㶼̫ˣٻ
οƣЩ¿ɾǰһҪ֮

Ĵˣ
ЦһôúõıֶŭأѲΪСϣ꣬˱²ˣ

ֿҵ¾ÿ£֪ġ

Ƴһۣù

ͷ˽ǰ⣬־ĹǼģɫ׵ĽУŲӥʡխİĵϸȳٷ硣

Ҳ꣬һֱ޵İΣΪʹ

ǰһĿתĶų⿴

жʮգʹͽﾩ
ϰ֮ˣйȻǲ˿ĿȣĿλֱӵ

ȥӦ¼Խ˵Խǵͷϸһ㱡ĺ

Ŀƺ̶㶨飬¡
һɿ쵹űתͳš

ҲûпܡֹţϾҲǾӣҶʮͷˣȻûȢޣ
⣬⣡
Լϲúÿһ˵䭿϶Ҳϲÿˣɱʮͷÿ˲֪١

Щ⵱ֵʱܲʧȥ̬ҲֻţͷֹĪ͵͵

޷Ըһ䣬Ƕȥ

֣źĹߡ

Ҳ

¡

իĹǶ˵⡣

ֻʣǶˣ޶˿ùʲôޣոնҪˣĿʵﲻ

ô㣿ֶ治ң
ĺһ£ض֪飬Ϊʲô֪

ʲôŹùãô֪

Ȼ£

Ц޵£жδ֪֪
һżأùﲻ𣿡

ͻȻͿ˿ǡ
ϲ빬һ굽ͷѲ˵Ĺ緽빬
䭾͸˵ˣμӵĹ磬ԼҲμôֻͬһɩɩŲѵŮ

ʲôֱ׳ô֪ǻ᲻˽½ܣȻһˣ϶ȻضѾͷΪʲô֪ϲˣȴ֪أ
ҡ

ɫ΢䡣

Ȼ֪Ѿں˵˵
֣ܶȴײ˵ˡ

ܣһ޷˵ڣֻܲɬƴȡһĲݣһգΪ˺ľͷѪΪһһС

΢ɫ仯ûӹ۾ӣ㿴Ҳ˰ɡ
ңʲôҵģѵҲضͬã
һ𳤴ġ
ѵǲԽĳ蹵
ʮ꣬ǹùãǳ䭾ͲԸ¶

һǳź桢ЦԳɫǰˡ
֪ŵܣ޽䱸̹ϵվǰ
ӣ᲻һеߡ

еѰһء
ȴֻһ˲䡣

ϣ΢΢̧ͷһ˫۱˳۽֮¡

Ѿָƽ

ܣ
ù˵ܵʲô޲ס

һʱˣȻԸҡ
ֲᳰЦ㣬Ҳʲôͬ

ϲ¡

ɫһ٣˵һ飿

ϸ˵һ飬ض˵иϲ˺ܶˣƽʶʲôңǲǹңǱȻϲľˡ

޻λȥ
߳һͷˣվǰܽȫס

˿۵
Щҧгݡ

ϲӣԼΪʲô֪

޾ϲһͷҲϲӡ

ùã𣿡





13.  ʮ   ûһ

ʮͷһر޸롯˾ի

ͬһ仰ʱ뿴㡣

ŭ˷ţ㱻ס£ͬ³ˣ

˭֪ôģҲˣˡһ䣬Ҳˡ

ͷԣôˣö˶˵ôܳһأСߵţ£Ҫò裿

ͷһ

ĥһͷƽƽҲôһ£
֣Ź˽ȥͲ衣

߽ˣž֮ϵЩĲɡ
֮ģɲ⣬˿ġ
ǰ׵ĵ
Դλ󣬵ֵҲܴĦЩʲô

˼¶ضйϵ

СĽϣһ˸ɾӣӸϸһߣûһ˿ˮգūżºЩŭ⡣

ùջ˼Լлŵŭ

ãλǳһܡ

ȥɣһ˴

ҪȥȻʲôֵ͢׼Ϸ˵лл빬л´Ȱ׼֮׼Ҫȥׯߡ

ޱ˫ۣƣĴĻ޶֪˽ȥŹ

ɫһ˲ǡ

ֵͿǱ߿׼ˡ
Ӧһ㹪ˡ

ػ˼žϹŵɴᣣ紵Ʈ˵ʲôڲЩǰ˿֪¡

˫ۣ¡

ϣôһ۾ͻصʮǰأ
ӲŹ֮£Ҳֻ֮˵
ϣ˱ˣװײ׹ǡ

飬ƫƫͳϡ
һۣʢĳ
ѩɽϣʯ̵ԣֱīӡ 

֮ͬˣһҵۣͷףݴ飬͸һɶ͸ŵ۹
һʱЩ㱡

ǰһֻ֣һģû䭣Ѿһյˣô룿
ߣЩֻ֪ˣ϶Ҫˡ

Ц⻰ˣϵ½壬Ӯֻȥ

壬δҪá

Ѿȥ˵ЩʲôֻҪ΢һͷܿԣ˵ʻеġƢĺ÷ˡ

Ǹɽ÷ζ徻飬Ĵ;ɽϵĺ÷ıɽ¸磬£֦ƿá÷ζ㣬ֲ

ʮʮĲͬ
ȨȻգǸ߸ϵĴʵۡ
ӵеһУԼ֪ж١
ƫƫûͺĳطҲȥӴ˿һ飬Ҳûа취

޸ˣҲǴ޼䣬ֱս롣
ͻȻһգѶ͵ϡ
ŶһдѶֽһһ㣬һ۾ܿס
һѶĶʮǰ
ʱǸһִԭΪõգͻȻ˹Сʱ׽ʱģ棬Цͬ˵

䭣˵ÿ춼£ǲǸЩʲô²źã
ҪȻȥҵķݿҿģǲǻסǲǵʲôģˣ϶ǵá
ͬҽݵķɡ

㰴ռеģصķԵ˵һء
æս¾飬ʱ˴ţЩϾ˼
Цͬ𣬡䭣

ʵЩͬѰԺ󣬾ٻǰ¶ʱģ
ֻ룬ȻҪȥأȥһսҲá
ϢǷдѶ͵С
ס
˼

ƴһ֮䣬һۣصʢ꣬ʻᣬ

ǴһʮΣǴ˿Ρ
Ҫ
*
ŹʲôңˣҲӦء
ԣȰ⻰ô˵أǵԼˣڵǽֵ˱ͷϡ

ͷרܻػİ˽£׼лл

ûᣬŰɣڲ뿴
˹ȥлУðذлȥⷿԷл

£ްˣ׼Ϸ˸м°̫ҽ￴л²εǰʧ֮

ڴǰû¾ͺˣ԰ʲô£׻ỵɩɩ飬ҲרΪ

׼Ϸ˻˵⼸Ǽׯķïǵ²ȥ档
˶٣ǰٽױʡӵָ˸ɡ

˵ЩҲ࿴ٽҲ£˼أʣϾգֻаٽûͬ˵ϼ仰뿪һΪ˾ã֪һӡţҲðٽģãƷҲ

ϸ룬İ䭵ȥˣɩɩڵĴء

ȥɣټλٽ⣬ҲûػҪ˳£ЩʱͿԻĸ
ҲǷƽĸ󵽴;ˡ
ңλٽȷǸ˲Сӡ
ȥд

ӣǶµĺܿ졣

ϷԴлͽ˹һֱڵţȵͷϸߣһڴֱֱ׹Ҫϣʱ򣬸ڴϢ

򱱽˴æػŹмͻǰ

ϷվЩ٣ȴ侲мƫȲ衣ǰ׼ҵŮˣһƷھ˿ûȥӭмĵмֲܲӭôܼǰȥͬ
ϷڷеȺ򣬾ЩѰ

ܼҵǼͻˣЦ»ػ˵ǼȻׯӻĺãÿȥơ

죬ȥׯϸʰһءϷ˴ϲ
ԸһУ˸ϽȥŸ߰飬ð׼

չеˣᱡһһɴѵȹɫǳǴµĻ

ÿ𣿡ӯתһȦɫȹƮƮɢ׹䣬˿׸

¿Ů·Ȼʲôÿɡ

գԼͷҲ˵Ķԡ

£ѾãҪ

ʮֺãߡ

Źʻ˻ʹ

ͬʱͿҲʻһɫһˣһɫס壬Ҳܿĸ̬ͿһլԺǰߵ
ųﱻ˴򿪣¶һžʧ

µˣĿ˿ڣʱˣ߰ɡ





14.  ʮ   

ûгһգܴ󵽴źӸŲʶˣѰҵıˡ
ݵһŮлеãҪʱȥ﹤á˸ܵܣʵĽҲˣͶӰ˸ŴѾŮƯϷ˽͸˴үͨչ˴ү¡

үǸӣܹүź򣬸ϵѾǼԸģȻҲ⡣
ȥ˴үԺкһжͬһ㣬үãôүϲġ

үԺӭ޹ţҲṧ̷ٷˣֻҪڴүߣʲôԸ⡣
һһĹгһգУעǲñٷ˻δӭȢţͨôأ
ɴĸԣйѪûгɣôʧأ˴үϷˣӡ

ΪǵһӣǸкǱ£лмǷĵźүϷˡ

ԭΪӾүȢ޺ʹӹźٷˡ

˭뵽ȥ긮е뾩Ļᣬһݸ컯ڵš
ʲôط붼룬Ҳǳڴڴܹȥ

˭뵽ֵַĴźںլ࣬үûĸӶ뾩ҪɱĸӶˡ

Щ£ƲԾս

ǣŵͷСޣ̲ס죬ʹ

ﾪѣæɿ֣ޣɶԣޡ

ǰͷĺ˺ͣ£ȵȣͳȥ
תһ䣬ﾪֵǡ
վԭȴͻȻһɣ˽ӴߣҪȥץȴֱ£ɶ
˵ģҼֻǴȥĸף

˵⻰ʱԼɼǱƻУλ󲻿֮˵ƬۡؿģԼ侲
˾ĸӵ뾩˵ֻҪһ£ͿĸӶƽ֮ǡ
ס죬ֻĿɶһ·ǣȥ˸ǰڿ˹˫ĮֻۣһۣǵԨ·еĲ˶

ѾɶȥԼ¶Ų޷

˵״Ӻʱ𣬿ʼɲԼ
һ꣬Ϸ˵ȥźүɶһеĿͷǴġ

*
׼ҵׯӵϷ˵ǰ㣬ƽȪϪɽ϶ط䲻󣬲ʼ԰岽һȴʤȻ¡

׼ҼλϷ֮ǰ棬ȴΪǰסҲ֪Σ֪ǰֻ֡ңһ䣬صĴһ䡣

ֻаǰЩˮԺ嵽ײ̫ԭǲóΪˮָ̫ҽݶ飬Ҫлǡ

㶼Щ֪ʱƵǰһ˲Ͻͷȥֻ¶԰׵ĲЩ¿ڵ¾֮Ůģ

һѣɣ廹ЩҪȥ̫ҽ̫ҽ

ŵľĸͣŮѾҪã̫ҽΪŮ

˵ͷԷȻ˵ûˣҲͲǿǾͺá

ڲ΢΢üλôȥʧģ׼ҵ䲻ǰ˵ȴ㡣
ΪԵ¾ηмӣ
ҵӿɲưǾ˰һΪ㺦£
ֹֻȥ۲׼λ
˵ߣ״һķߺޣ׶ϹһɲЦݡ

΢΢ü׼˵ദǱŤ

ⲻ֪İתǧأѳǰȥʱׯ԰ɫ滨֦ͷˣ滨ļڣٹһ£Ӿͻҹ
˳ǿؾͿ˻
ʱſƫƫôῪô硣

˼ɵþƮ˳
ǰЩӣھիִͬһأЩҲû档ȥٿר˰䭲ȥʱǰ

˵ʹվҪ뾩ˣʹ˵ǱŮеŮӣԼǸɢˣɶЩɫʵŮӣǳ˺档
ԭҪʰйλŮĵĹ¡
ŲҪȿڷǸˣ

滨ȴǱ¡
ȴ֪񣬻Ϊ;

֪Ժ󣬺һԽºͣǵӵֲ棬ϲ˹ժһʵ׸¡

ع̧ۿˡ
鲻֪ʱѾվԶľ룬Ц

¡

һ㶣ת˼רע£Цٽض񡣡

գȻദ٣û˵ϼ䣬ô棬԰ӡȴġ
ȻҲԸ׼ҵׯӡ

վһԣһֱרĵĹ⣬ȴȥԵļλ׼ҹְ׼⼸λ԰ٽĵ̬ȫͬ

״Ͱ׶Щϲģǰһֱͷ˫ֽ־Щ΢΢
գٽƲµ£ҪȥȰ˵ö˹ϵӦòô⺦ģһû١

Ǹ

Ǹ⿪ڣ⼸λãЩн±֡
ǺΪλ롣

޷ġϰ˳еĹǰнٻģ׼λͬЩҲûʲô

ǲͻطЪЪص²㡣üͷ

ȥ΢΢ʹͷҲƼ΢΢׵ĴƽɫŲã㲻ű

ǡӦ͡
ð׼ȥ

ԼҲܺãǸֳ
ͷ˶ۡ
λٽͦġ
һֱŵ飬ڿҪһˡ

ߵЪŵͤӴһڲ裬Ű׼漮ǵϣͬ˵˵ϵķ
΢΢һЦá

*
ɫʱسȫעˣ£Ǹûȥˡ
ߵƲ㣬ʱǲˡ

͵»ع

ͨĲͨĻ˿ҲΪһҪѡ⡣
ͺǵͷӦˣǽ¶ˡ
Ǿܾ±ҲƵ

һʱ䣬ֻǰԼڵŻش𣬾ҲڽŵĵŻش

ҲãͰٽ
֪˶ã˻ش

һɲǣ˻ϲǳ

һˣг˰׼ׯӣС·ǰʮಽȺ
ֻǻδǰ㱻һ˸סĿ⡣

ⶨ˶ͷһؾԼǲ۾ˣϴˡ







15.  ʮ   ⵲ס



̲סԼĶ䣬ӲֹۻˣȻˡ
Сͯں
ǰδȢޣĺӣ

ĿͷСͯ˵ǰرס˰ȣԴɤӴ󺰣
ʲŻ򶨵İٽСͯסȣ·ǧأáԭأֱֱؿǷǣͷӡ
ԷⲽһԲ
ƫƫǶá

Сͯ鲻㳶ɤƴ󺰣

ֻԼѪһһñ
г㣬ľ
ȥ޸Цޣô㺰˵

ѾҪߵǰ
Ͻʾӽڿֵ޸㳯˹񣬡¡
£ǳĶӡ˿ڣҪΪԼ⡣

ɶԷߵһԶĵطֻƳһۣĿ뼥Ц
Ϊ޷죬ʵ©ٳ
ЦԲΪֱơ

ֻһۣԷջĿ⡣ 

ǱĻɤۣҲ˵ڡ

ǰվ֡

ùã

УȴҲûŻ˹ȥԾס˵֮˵䣬䭣ôһ£
˿̴˾統Ϸ̨ŵĻĵϲ磬˿ס
СͯȻŰ
Ѿ檣

ק֣̲סϺõ˿Ĳģˡ
޵ͷɫЩ£Ҳжѹ
ǵʣ䭣ô
ſĿˣ⺢ӷſǣ޵߹ġ

̧֣Ḳץסģ֪˿ο޽΢·ӣ븸ʧ޴ǰѰ 
Ѱһ䣬Ű鿴ˣȴȥţ޺ŵСޡ
һ޺Ͱüȷʵмơ
޷ܡ
ǰֵİ顣
ԭǴһߡ
֮£һף 

̧𣬶ɹڵϵİ飬ڿһ
װ䣬㵱治ʶӣ

Ѿ޷򶨡
ǿԼȥ۴޵ޣװ򶨹ػȷʶϴˣѳϳĸס
ЦһȻ𣿡

̶֣ðﳹû˵ס

˵ˣͻȻǰù졣ǰյȥһѻֵȼġ
ۿǶĸӱڷУ𺣣Ϊʬǡ
ʱ˿Ϊλھ
ԣһжԡ
˭Ƥӵ£ǶĸӾ£
׼ݾӪ꣬ϲǿһ

ҪҳһŽӸĻشˣᣬȷʶ
ԣϣòײߵһͷٵŷӡ

ֻµһɲǣ˫ͻȻɴ󣬿ǰǵϤӰһλɫԹŮӣһһ߽Թεү㲻ǵɶҲɶ⡣
ԳŮӣһ£ǴӵĶ

ͬԴһ
ʲŻֱָ

鿴Ǹ߲ʵľһЦһΣʶĸӣ

˿̱ʲôףϣܹƤӵ£ĸӻŴģֻһˡ

湫ӱɵ³̬ԵḶ́ȫûа취ݴ˿Լʲô顣
½ܱ֮֮Уȫͬ

תߣȴֱץס

޵˫ۣԼãɫ

ҲȻĿǧٹ֣ùãβٿ
*
׼˴Ӳʵۣ˿ѹæȥׯͷϷˡ
׼Իؾ󣬳˰Ϸ빬лʵһأ׼˴ûʥʱ
֪ͨūɲֻ꣬˵ʥݽ٣Ҫӭӡ

Ϸһȴûʱϸ˼ΪλͻȻѶׯеٳȥ

Ӽ٣¿ˡϷ˴һ٣Ҫݡ

˭룬һ֮Ϸˣ밲ˣòϷ˿ɻһжã

Ϸ͵̧ͷȥ

ЦǳǳǺȴβסĺڰŻգͬˮһҪû׼ҡ

ǽա





16.  ʮ   ֪ʲôˣ

վԣ򵥵Ľĸͬ׼ҵĹϵ˵һء
ĸЩڻɥʱǰѻǰַŵʱⰴ಻ס뿪
һѹס֣á
˵Ӳŷţп䵲ţҲƲ°
ƫͷﲻ֪Ƭ̶ڴ˴ţŶεʵš
һ˺ֱԸ¡ˣڲǺʹֶۣѵӵΪΣڶʮˣꡣǳ

ƫͷȥʵ벻ͨ䭵Ҫʲôǵ
һ뿴׼ⳡĵ־硣
ͺ񣬾ͺͲᷢ˼¡

ĸ󣬵ˣ޲ǳ
ǰЩ꣬޸յǻʱ͢ѪѪУҲ
ô飬ҲȻ֪˼Ѳ⡣죬ڰ׼绥תж񶾡Ѷɣ両
ҪֱԵʱȴ̲סҪӱܡ
⣬Ϊɢҹƫƫֻܿڰ䡣

޵𣬡׼ҵ㲢޹ϵ̰޶ȵ¡
㲻㣬ҲΪһλȨƺƴޣɱӡ

ⱻһ£˿ȴҲͷֻ֪ʲôˣֲҶĻ׳档
˵ʵλϣûܵ˼

ҲջĿ⣬ֻǰסֻδջأҲûвк
ۣϽƲͷȥʱˣԸȥ˶

»пʱ䣬ΣȴټüͷŴ˿źİ¬أֻעӲְأȥ
¬æߵ£˵ȥˣͻ
ͷˮȥʲô
ѵҲ⣿

룬㱻Ŀ⡣
ʲǽɶޣֲֹۿſ޵ĿǣС޿޾ﲻ˴ʱǰ˶䣬ȥ庢ӣˡ

һʱƬ̣ɶǰտţſʼ׼ˡ
׼ҵׯ²֪ʱѾȫΧĪ˵ˣһֻӬɲȥ׼Ҫӳȥ鶼ûӡ

뿪ڰ׼󣬴˿Ҳֱͦ˱ǰ

ﻺԹŵˡ
ϷɫҰܣȻ֮ǰ⧲űѾȥ֮ˣܴ̼δܻ
ǰ顣
Ϊܹˡ
ǰʱӣ˭ûгһܹٽУٽԺźء
ȻҲס
һգϷ˽ǰԸȥźٽµʱϲʤ£˲

û䣬һѻվ
Եİ飬ҲѾĿ
ǰжమ飬ж

һ˲ۿ˴룬ȴ־ǿıס⡣

˿ûΪﴹεɤӣޱĿʼʻϣԳǰ檣ɶǰӣڱǰҪ֤˵Ķģ

￪˿ڣɳƣū˵ѣū׼ʱݸ

Ƴһ۰׼ˣʣȥݲ֤һһȥʱгɻб֤ݿ֤
ŴƬ֮󷽲ſڣŲУٽһԲ̥ǣĴָСм֮ףһŮҪβ֪ܵһ˱̥أ

֣ȥ飬ˡ
ʣζ϶ַŵǰѻҪĸӶˣ

һԼϵ쳶һ飬ĲһһȦδɢȥūɶǰѻ𡣡
ֻūδȫιȥūۿȼ˻ѣջׯ
Խ˵Խƽ·˵һжѾ޹ء
ū˵ĸӶǷ·ϵİʯֻĸӶ˶ˣܸǡ

ˣҲסվͳͷܣ¬æȥ

ߵͷʹ£ﳼֻһʱϣ¿ڰ׼Ҷر߽ûйҲп͵ķϣﳼԸһл¿ˡ׼ˡ

ϷҲѾں޲ѣǳ޷Ż᷸۾
£ȷԳ͢ĹȷΪϹᣬķķϣˡ׼ҡ

û˼ٿĳ棬ȻУɷ
䲻֪ʱѾվ˴ſںţޣȥʡ

£³Ϸȥˡ

Ӧһǲظş̌žͳϷȥ





17.  ʮ   ԭ뻤һȫ׽棩

˺һѰӰ
΢΢һҪ߹ȥȴƳһӰ
ԶƳ۱ߣϽͷ񣬡¡

޿ڲԶһ£Ƶ֦ڵϻ
ǶȰο

ûջĿ⣬ֻȻʵΣ

ʹͷصգˮһ²⣬ǰ׼ҹıΪ֮ðѰ˻ˮȻɰٽǰȥȣΪڵǰºӡ󡣡

Ӱ׼ʵԺ󣬻̲סзŭôˣΪԼ棬ԲϧߵκһˣԼá
һðԸˮһȥ
˭˵һ䣬ⷨӵˣ˼ݣѪ飬鶼ȫޡ

һֶ¶£ֱǽġʿ˲òȥĵܻɺģ

׼Һƣ˶񶾵ķӣҵǰ˺ӡ󣬶ʮҲֻ࿴
˭뵽ⳡƵƭеһ
ҵ˰Ϊպкܴջڰǰ᲻Դӣֻ鳤һ׾ҵµȥȡࣿ
ⲻǲ֮¡
뷨ոոԺԼֽŷ

£Ҫ¸ߵ£ԥ
ҵõ֪Щ𣿵ⱲӱǻϲϲĹ˭ֺ
׼ҵЩ£ֺߵ£õ²ˡ

Ƴһۣɫǧ
ϾҪʮˣСӡ
Ǳ洿ԣȴǴ֮ˡ
֪ն񣬶ԣǳɳؾ֮·
һգԲҪ˱ӻҲܺúûš
𣿡

ͷĸͣӦǣס
ܹ࣬˵ڵĻضǱ⡣
ҪԼɳҪֱܹĺûǷǣʵҲû
˻һܹҪԼ

ûǰȥֻվԭأŲԶǵڵϵӰ
ѾҪʮˣССһšֵֻСްģ˴ˣƢҲɳó졣
ֻǣ졣
һֱ꣬һȫȡ
ǰ
Ҳˡ
װµ˲ࡣһˣռ˴ķ

үҪͷĿԴҪ׾Ǹ߸ϵĵӵúɽﶼ⡣
ܵĽѵ
߸ϵĵҲ½ԸֻͷŵˣҲ

޺£֣ȭƬ֮ɿ֣˿ɿĽǶ£ķŵѪ˿

֪˶ãԼЩʱǰ֮ 

ȥɣЩع

ϥӦǣֻɫ۱ǰʧǰߡ

¬ʾ֭ˣ£ô룬Һôľͷְ׼˷˶£ҲΪˡ

ΪĴӢ۰

Ӧø˲Ŷԡ

ӢۣҶ乷ˡƣֻҪúһλɻ£ôִˣ֪㺧ŵ¡
ѵΪ񲻼ãԲʶ˲塣
ܿɲϹӡ

ɥ֦һûһĻŵ档

£ô˵ԸأҪǹܣҲò绨ġ¬Ļ˵˵һȴ˿ǡ

߽ˣⰲο˵Ļĵ粻˵أõ°ţû׼鶼ܱںá

¬ˮ˵ˣҲûȰ֣׿ǰһ㣬ˡҵ˾ǡ

¬ȥбãׯǲܴˣǱǾ̻عԸ

¬æ¡

ʵȥʰʳʲô֦ǰ䣬Ҳͬһҡ

յʱ䣬˰Ķŵģּһģ
ʱ˿̲ĸ֡

ȥЩԥοڡ
бµҵ»Խܡ
Ը˴Σƣɻǵ˵ɡ

ĵ֣ϸĽΪҪȥר

ڰ׼λŵ԰ʱְ׼ЩԾ

գǰٽָ̫ҽǰȥΡ
˵ӦöĴмŶԡ
ƫƫһ·ϣܽţǼ£־ڷɫҲףλ׼ҹ˻Ϊߺޡ

ⲻ⣬ԸˣǺأ⾩жٹǰСĽսսģһһ㡣

ѭѭգֻǾηλ׼ҹ֮ЩìҲͰˣڰٽֵʱʶľͳһС
룬ҪǼ׽֮ˣʶ𣿡

ϸ룬ÿμŰ䭣Ǹ߸˵ǰȥ
˵Ǻе

ֵɣ׼·֮ȥ˰ʡ
Ȼˡ
ϣˮһ£ǰ׼ҹΪ֮Ϊľõ԰ٽһӡ󡭡

ץס֦ͽȻһ
С
֮ȴֻããɫ͸һ˿
ԲϹǰƭʵڸ

СĽļͷַȥϵķ۰׻꣬£ǻعɣۼžҪˡ

Ĭĵͷȥ
ԭǻϲϲΣȥʱȴһһա

վڷ£̧ۿɫҪ˰ⴺĽʣүҲ粻ġ
ͽܣм࣬ʮȡɡæʦѾعˣҪʲôʱ򣿡
ƳһۣǱµ°ˣܻع
̲סյķſһۣ׼ҵ鶼Ѿˡ
һ죬ˣʲô̹㴧ȱµ˼
Ȼȱµ˼źūӦյļܡ

Ҳûף¶Ѿ˳᰸׼ռˣȴҪһΣ⵽Ϊأ






18.  ʮ   ɱأ׽棩

򱱽۾ϣɱδɱĻӣĸźլٶЩ¶׼㺧ŵģҲж겻

һʱ顣

ԭ򣬸ΪΪѡһ£԰Ϊ
Щͱƭ

֮Ů֦ҶĿ飬ܱҰ֮ͽ̤

´ŭ׼ŽԻعĵ죬л׼˵ǧ
ǶŽ
ֿʼ׷𣬰׼ҵıƱʶơ
ԺޱȻָ߸ңȥᡣ
Ļ£˶֪Ϊʢһ¡
λ͸Ǵж

ǳ֮ˣƺ󾹸飺ҿأ£ء
⻰ھ֮ϵĻ绰˽ľƴӡ
ǰԷֿ˾ƣججȥ֪Ϊαúڲڴͷͷıףڶն֪Լױ˭ġ
ҹڲԣΪ˳Īүڷ

һգ·ͣЪ

ʹ̫Ҳ£ΪͷۣԭţѡƷѧţ²ż汸֮û뵽Ӷĳ¡

Ƽڲ࣬Ȱοֺ𣬳µĻԭĿЩһԾ˼˲١
͢ҪְԲױ䶯ЩҪͷЩ˼µĻ£ɲǳЩԾŵһż
ºݶ׼ģȴС
ѾϸɸѡضΪٵһλɾ
̫ൣǡ

ʱˡ̫һɳüչƶ⺢ӣͲѡ֮£ֳЩ£ﾭЩ²ܣ顣
ҲʵЩӣ֪׼ҵ֮λˣЩѡУȿֺ棬⿴Ҳûһۡ
˼̫̫󴦣ֻ̫ĸǶҲţĪġ
̫ʣЩɢɢҲãʲô

ƼЦ𣺡Ϸ˹٣˵ǰȥ͡ǻȥ
̫ô£̾ˣһղһգֻŰЩʱȢӡ

̫˵ӵĻ£ôۡ
ҲԵʵġ
ǻȵۼݱգͼλµۣʵôȻλģ
ԼҲ˶Ĺµ۵֣ʥֳĶӳݷ֮ãµۼݱ֮գʾʹ

һյĻʹɳƵѪɫʬҰҲΪ
ʵֳֳۣһն˳ͷ­

̫գ䳤ıδóѣ˿Ҳƽȣϵ䭶һԣ˵䭶ɱأҪӭ󣬷ǵʮǿ޿ӵ
֪䭶ն³ͷ­Ľɽܰȣ
ϵʵɶ񡣡
ϵµȫ˶ˡ

ƼȰοЩ̫ƽʢо׻ҵɼңȢޡ

̫΢΢ףĬԸˡ

*
ϷĴĸĸ̫̫ͻأͷ׷һ˿Եþӡ
յ㱻Ϸ˵
űϴࡣϷ˽ϸһأΪ۵˼ǾСֱĲ

ǰһϲĸҹˣ

Ϸ˿ЦãЩϻҼʱҪϸϸֻһѹͷˡ
Ϸ˵ĻЩʣ⻹ǸˣЩÿθڶͦãֵ͢ء
ŷ͢ЩӲ֪ô£նŻ²ƷѡΣͺΪ˺һҲò꣬Ҳꡣ

ɰ׼ҵ飬˼գ£Ҳ׼ҵԺҲ֪Ϸ˴˿ҲΪ׼ҵ¡

Եĸп̫ˡ֪Щӣÿն²ʽζÿնܶð뷹һ²ˣĸҪǡ

ϷȻҲּЦⲻ٣Ϸ˷
ղϷ˵ٳֻһף
δʱˣǰףٵСǣҲϷ밲

ּһСΪֱʵɢ˲Ƶļ

ãռҵС԰ΪϷպ١
˱Ʋȥ԰

Сַϳգϻؼ⻹ΪнСǣȴⲻһĹ۸С
̨ˣһ׽裬ʽ鶯ʱľнСȫȻͬ

̨£̲סΪкá

һ׽ϣ˸ϥϷ񣬡Ů׳ˡ

ƺã˽ýһţȵķ̨ӹеĽ̨΢΢һЦҲһǸӲͦӣƴҴҸϴǰװԾ䣬޳ǸʮӢӡ

ĽĶԣΪɾ䣬̨Ů̲סںȺã⿴ҲĿתͷ̲סΪкúȲʡ

һ׽ϣ˷̨ߵϷ˸ǰ͹밲٣ĸĪ֡
Ϸ˺˵κãֽ𣬡ͺãͺã˵ϲһΪ㲻ˡ

ĸٳܲ顣𷽲轣ƣ˿̵˷âգǰԵº֪

֮˵һأ˷תһһǡ

ЦЦջ¡

ƫϷ˵Ǽ磬ڵ֡

˽ջ˿΢΢һ٣ȴִĸĿڣջĸ밲

ЦһԼˣԼ˲񡣡
˭ָߣջأȴҪĸ





19.  ʮ   ׽˸bugôϡ

Ϊ̫̫ңңռҾټԶס֮ãҲͬռҲǴʶġ
ıֱǣͱ˲֪꣬ͬ治һȥ
׵ʱ򣬳빬ĶСǡ
ջǱֵܣʱͳΪ޵İնҪ빬
Դ𣬾Ѿͬʶ
֮ܽжͯ䡣
һһ£һ񣬾޻˵
һ̬ȹһ̬꣬ƶͷһн
ǰҲ

ͷһ֪ˣžʱˣ޻˵ʲô顣

ڲ࣬˸²裬һڣȴƳ˼Ĳɡס˿û
ݹأǳϷλҲࡣ
ջϷ۰ӣǧϻΪϷף٣Ϸ˻ϲĺܣࡣ

̨֪λСһ裬ֵĺܣϷҲĿתƫĲ̨Ǽޣ˼֪Ʈ˺δ

ʱûʲôİãϲͬ
ʥ۶簮ǳֻһ¡
Ҫƿ٣ҲҪ֮黹ǵöҲǴõ
ʥԾûʱʱԸɣͬһڳ̫ǰ顣

꿪ɣʶǧ֣꣬ؾʱ徭ѧ˴룬ͬѧֱ֮

ͷӻŮͰĵطⱲߣȴѧģСġ

̫šѧǧġֱ̫յ˽ͷ޴ŰѧͶһͷĸָдġǧġѧд֡
д˰Ĵ֣ȫŤŤġ

ʱջлӰϳصһλܿк棬Ϊ˽㷺һλ۴Сϲ

ͷһȥ̫±ʥȥ̫ջд֡
ѧд֣ǴӼ򵥵Ŀʼѧ
ջģÿһ֣ͻͬʲô˼
ǵ˼ĸ׵˼梣ǽ˼֣Ǹ˼

ѾǶСˣʱָĸִ֪ˣǸʣĸǻֵ˼Բԣ
˵⼸仰ùǵһ¿ޣ¹ϻۻǡ

ĸҵˣ梡Ǳ곤ˡ

ջ˵ͷ˵û

΢ɰ䭺㶼ҴΪʲôǸأ

⣬벻ס

ջ룬ʼĽͣµֳ̫µĸ̫ӵ£̫±ǵµֶӡ
ӵĸףǵµı֣Ҳǵµıֶ
ձ֣Ӹóƺһĸ
һޣͷ𱲷ֹϵ֣µĳƺͷΪĸ

ǻǶҴѽһ˫ãš
ⱻһȥıֹϵֱƺͿȥ
ջһֱĸŷ
ջģȴûףѧûס
ǹȥͷ£סСȥޡ
ޣһСҲȥ

ʱǸĥ˾һӡ
޲ȫӶʡ
ޱļΪͷõСڵϻֱֱֱߣ۽С
ÿֱϿ˼Сˡ

ưĿҾͽһΡ
ǻ游ͻĸҸĸ˵СԱߣֻһСȦ 㡣

ӣ㻭ĺóҲŲǳӣ

ޱССȦϼһС

ͷһߣͷֻйһСˣλøպڴСȦͷСָСˣˣҡ

߾ʹ桢ıֻ֣һϵˣͷִСͬϵ˾͸ݱ֡

Ȼ򣬡ԭô

ޣɫ˿ޣƯһСҲˣǵ⡣

ֻһ̣ɻ󣬡ôѰȥأ
ѧڵָڵϵСԣѾĻһСˣӦúһϣ˵ĶԲԣ
С޵ֹԲȦһԲ˵Ūֶࡣ
Сְ˻ȥӰࡣһĿϵһͳ˽׵־ĸ֣ˣ

ʱļһĻĻ֣Щ
ʱǣ󶼱Լǰȥˡ
ֻʣһ

԰һռҵĴһĹǰͷ̫ͽɡ

ԭ޴µպ

˼ϣĿⲻһƳƳջҲ⧲ĿӣջҲ񣬶ЦһЦƿĿ⡣

ϷæҪŻʹķ

æּϷ˲ض񣬱˵˽ǰ٣ūǰףϷ˸綫ٱɽӡ

רģ˻飬һ۾ܴڳı˭
Ƽͬջһ̡
£ЦǺǵūŲϷˣͻعˡҾ¡

翪ϯմ˹԰ϯ
˱鳯ĵطȥ

ר˼Щˣɻв裿

˸СŮȥ²ŵĲЩˣһ²

ͷ˶ȥ紦ˣ˿̽İ
Ź˺첼˺컨Ϸ̨Ŵ

ԭϷǰȥ紦ջַ̧ǰ֦С߳Ҳû뵽Ҳδ뿪˴΢΢Щ񡣶ֹס˽ŲٲǰüۣºͶͬ񣬡¡





20.  ڶʮ   ǰһԣϧˡ

һʱͣµջû
ͻȻЩ͡

ǡСŮ˲ӹɨǰˣѣ£Ѿˣ˲裬Ǿ͹ȥɣ
ĪϷ˾õȡ

仰Ǵ͡

ջγһ㣬ǰ岽Զľͣ££롣

Ǵ˿չ죬⻹ǵһڲ裬紦ߡ

˾һǰһĬš

Ϊ˸ң
Ŭš
ǰջΣҪ޴УС飬ȻҪǰȥͬջһ棬ͬúõ

ȥͱջĳ¥ջѾ׼뿪ˣȻû˿̤ͣȥﳾڳջӰԽԽԶʧ
һĻûл˵ڡ

Ϊɻ󲻽⣬żջ뿪һգջΪͬһ仰Ҳ˵뿪

ʱգҲ벻ס
ջˣվ

ǰʮಽԽԽڣǱϾʶ˶飬ջҵС
ǳ궼ûǲӦùػʺ
ϸһ£һĳڹػʱӦα

뵽ˣ˽Ųջߵʱͷջɵֳ˲١

ջûϵῪڣȻһ˲ºЦδ

ͷյĺܣҪúͬջ˵ôһھ˳Եڷһ㡣

ջֿܿڣΣδƳ硣 
ջɫᣬմʱǰؿڣѾ򴦡ȥԣֻһ˫峺
겻Ѿ˴ģ 

̲סһôģȷʹڣǰ磬͢ÿѮҪΪĲ

ľ͸պó磬ڶôˣɰ˵ҲҲֻܳˡ

ԭǴӲ飬ֻһִͬ¶˾һҪñ޸ߣÿնűӺ¶ţ飬̫ҽרΪƵĲҩ
һʼͦ͵ģһ峿ǰһҹ֡
ʹĳ
ֻͬйϵĸҪһʱûô߹ˡ

ջɫ΢΢һ˲ָֻܿش⣬ھУбһ£±ξҪߡöˣĿû˵Ϊܹڹ֮Ȼܹǵסǰ

Ȼ򣬡ԭֲһۿԼ˶ء

Ҳûٶ롣ֻͷһջʼ˻˵㲻ǻ˶֮գ˸ͷ

һ·̣ܴ򿪻ϻˣȥһ࣬˵ˣˮܣ
һٺڶ࣬ռΪܣĴʱϰӶյǮϹٱʱҪˮ̡ܴ

ˮܣǳְڣõ¿ޡ
شǫѷֹǼһԶɿΪ

һֻΪԼ˻ǵĴ֮䵭Χˡ

ֻҪͷҲû˸ңٽʵ˷ؾܴ೤ʱ䣿а£ʹҪﾩˣʱ϶֡

ջ벽΢΢ƫͷܿ׺Ц⣬һǰ

Ϸ˵ɢȥҲظ˻عռ˵ֻȥǰƼһͷ޹ջʱŽպҲûͬջ

ɢ˾һ㣬῿ڴϣΪпû뵽ջϻĸף٣ɱʲôôĸ˵ġ

֪ǰ˴յĶׯ֣ˣͽڵ£ܽȫסһ˵߹ھеҪְɭϣϷٳܹϻ֤߹Т֮ˡ

ﲻס룬߹ͬҵ֮䲻űָжá
߹ݼҵСͬҵ´С졣֪֪ףƷ͡ģĺܣҵʮİˡ
ܳΪһԣҲΪ֮·ա

ǿϧˣ֮˱֣׳

ϧš

§ſͬСǸТ˳ӣдء
Цãȴû취
˵Т˳֣˵߹Т˳Ϸˡ
Т˳ĸҲûд
ҵСʱ򣬹ηдʱ̫Ļýߴӡһأ·˸ȣ˴²źãµĹһѣϣеһˡ
д깦ΣͲȥһ߿һдΡ

ȵǰţûʲô˯䣬˱ͷ⡣
ǰջ뾩ʱΪʲôͬ뿪أ

΢΢šüͷ˯ﶼЩȡ
Ժ䣬˲ٹڴǰΡ
*
իһ㡣
ջߵ¡
ջʹͷ­˹֮ǹڵϣȴͦñֱ
իܶͨ͸¯һƮ

իһ򰲾ջ겻Щ㱴˿ǲֻһС

һյʱ䣬֮ϵ˿˿ڣ֮е֮ջЦһأի˵İ

ջֵл¡

ջ׼㱨ϵ

׸ľ𣬡ռˣ

ջһ





21.  ڶʮһ   ²ᡣ

ʹǱֵܣջҲҲԳ־б𣬼ӲľǰԽӵҪ󡣶ʮΨԽݣһֻǣĳףϣһȥꡣ

ʱ䣬㳤ȴҲ̣㹻ΪԼɫĻصˡ
״Ѱճĸ֮ͬһ档
Ծεļãг¶ѱԺ

֮ȻؾְϹùãȻǰδܳɹ˵ڣӽҲǰ𡣳˼˵أ

ջʹŵ˫ͫ׺ս±赭дһУͷһͷƴţȴҲӲһ䲻ᡣ
ǵͬө΢룬â֪ɢǳĵף֪ûؼ֮ա
ԼĻش𣬡ǣס 

ⲻ֪ɫȫȻ

޵Ĵ΢΢һŶЦ⡣
Ŀһתϵ֮ϣҲգҳպ޻ͬ˵¡
һ仰ջ¹أǣ

ͻľѾдˮ֮ʼٸߣЩͬѰôһ£
һʻջ¹أһش±ԵĻܹھǰЩ
ɵؿʼ˵֮¡

*
վŹǰЩͬ񣬡ôʱ

ЦǺǵɲҵ񡣡˵ףڹȼߣǳߵĵһˣҵøЩء

һ𣬡֪ʱпա

ص´˿أǹ鲻ȥҺȱȵȡҵʱһŲôţ˶֪¶Ӳš

ϽҲźȱȾˡ
첽ŹԣͷֹֻڱźţҲȥڹһˣרܵŹȴҲҪ֮£򷢸С̫Ȳͺˣ
Ҳûʣ˲Ϊһյ裬ȥ鷿µ˵ڼҳ


յĹ򣬷ȥ鷿ӣ̽ͷ￴һۣɴڵӰɶǰѹʵڼҳˣ

ǵһҳԹ鷺Դܿʼīˣźֽ𣬵鶼ҪдЩ⣬ȴһζûīҲ֪ҳϵжѣСʱûͨ͸

ǡ곤Ͳ裬ֶ˲裬ͽȥ

ߵԣǰͬһҳſڵ£˰ʱˣЪЪȱҲ١

۾δ̧һ£ֻ鿴ˣҽշǵýⱾꡣ
ѵúöһ飬ܰ;ϣ

̾һ綼һ£Ҳһҳĵȷʱ
²ټ

ɻ󣬡ôˣټæʱ¹Źû׼Ҫ顣

Ǹƽ֮ˣ˾õɴĺ飬ɡ

鷿ߵ͵ǰͼ񣬡ūŸ밲

ʲôҪ£

⣬ⲻǱʹվҪ뾩걱׹Ҵ⽫ͻ룬Խ֮á

ͷˮĹͬʲôϵ

ڵ¹Уū¸͵Ź֮ȡŹг籦֮⣬Ҳвرڴ˴֮⡣
Щ֪жϡ䱦ͽŹС

ǽȥⷿȡˡѾ벻Ǳʲôģ

ܽˣЦл¡
ɵõ´ʴȣūŵĲ²Űɡ

ЩɺˣΪʲôҪ£ȡС飬ֻŲʧ䡣

ͻȻ˸ͷʣʲô
ĶõģҪĶûһŽйƽ

ЦһСڲҪ𣿴ʱȥǻ߹档
˼Ƭ̣ǵ볯Ҫء

ǱûˣΪźˣҪ

һɰ¬ѾװбĽȡæӹˣūͻȥŵˡ

Ǿһȶûļ˵ڣ뿴һʲôء
ӰʧãȻͷһ뿴һ۱ʲôء
ǼŻȥǹҲһδȴ״ĹǱ뿪ʵ۽ʱ֮ס

죬׽˵˳콵֮ҲûˣҪˣ㲻˰ɡо仰û˵콵֮϶ǱĿʵ۹ģΪðţѡ֮ˡ

¬ȻżæŵĽ£ôˣⷿȡĲǱǰù

𱸣ҲȡεģƫҲûӿһֱۣˡǱ֪ȡС¶첻ףŹĹҲ߯ˣǵµ档

*
ŲĻ˾իľҪ£ſԺһʱ̣ͷ˶½ˡ

ջի߳ӭ꣬ͬòĴ˸к
𣬡߹ߣɣ߹ӡ
Žիгϣ£ūŽȡˡ
Щ⣺ԭիū˵ͬҪ£ա

ָ⿪ۣ͸һ˿¶
΢΢һü֣оֺϡ

ЦЦ֪Ը

һʱûףɵӽիлػūŸ߹ӵſڣ£ͬ߹˵ء





22.  ڶʮ   ʳ˿ڣ׽棩

˵ͬҪ¡
ԭͬ¡

΢΢ͷǰˣǰһ
ҲڷֹҲǵģҲ˵ͬջ¡
ֲǲʶջ

ռҴĸϣͬջҲûܺúɡ
ͷǰдɻԸʹ벻𰸣ͷһֻèצһ㣬˵ĺܡ

ӯӯЦ⣬ۺŹâ㣬׹ϣԭջ⧲һ£ʶıƿĿ⣬ƼеŵĽУ˼ھիƳһģһĽУ±֪Ҫȥδ
з˵ĿɬԳԼΪλѡ
֮䲻пܡ

ϸº͵Ц⣬ͬǰ˽ͣΪְ˿Ҫ
رҲÿա
ˡ
йһ񣬾Ҫ뿪

⻽סȵȵȡ

ⲻ粻ڳջү֪𰸡

ʹҪãûִû
̫˷Գ֡ǳĺƢûеͬᣬһû

ΪʱջҪ뿪ͬһĻҲû˵

ջŲһȥ򲻹Զˣк£

͵ûбҪˣͬ˵˵ɡ
ϣҲúɡ

ջܾתͷͬϸȥǽл˵ҹģǧ©ݣñץסҵСӡ
ǰǰõġ
ȡ˽С£˾Ųţ֪˻ᱻǣԸķ㡣

׵סǾнӹ˳

ǰĹ۹۱Ǳǹģа£СһЩʵڲ˿̵ġСıҪӴ

飬ߵջȥͬȥ߰ɣɺã

*
Ŷӣ˺СԼĴڸС
ӥȴӥۡ
ȡС鶼ܷεȶˡ
ᣬųիҲʧܸա
˿̳ͬ߹ȥ˺ɢҲ֪˵Щʲô
Ħ˿ޱ롣
˿ӵϲŭ

гϣȥŹȡʱ¿һСЦ˽Уӽ¼¡

ĿԹϰڷŵͬУһţŵıһû򿪣İ

ԭ˵иȥ
Ҫڣȴ϶һֻǽڷ޳ÿ֡
ֵϰĹϵڴһ㱡룬ֵֻĶȡ

޿ڣԪʱʼڹùź˵Ŀɶԣ

һ˲󰲾վԭػ£ڵʱʥүָź¡ʱҲֻа꣬Ҳʮһˣڵźʮ꣬¶ͯɹ˶þһ͡

ָžУϸûĵ˳ǰһ£ʮ꣬ķԸǴģҲվ£

ֱ˱ӵ̷ְңΪǽѣ²ǲһΪ

͢û̵㣬ҹ֮Դʼ

һȥڵϣӵĴδ̵ܽŹˣδΪ·ǣҪΪӵȷܣһˡ
¬Ͻūһ˵ĴūŴӿⷿȡʱûģŪ˱
ūһˡ

Ҳæ£ǧūŵĴūŵʱϸһأͲ

ɫһ⣬ϲŭˣԸΪڣ²Ϊ

ŵļͬʱл
ֻ˳ȥǰǱѹµĽУ£ʹĽС

ù»ʱٻ޵Ȼ˵꣬ʾ¡

в⣬˿̽дȥҲûʲôףΪβӦ
ûٶŰ¬˾ի˳ԼĺȫʪˣѶϡ
ʩֶΣʵ̫̫赭дȴĵﵨѣŹˣǸúúһء
ȡУе»ţ𷣡
ɱ˷ŻˣҲҵϡ
ѵʱ仹

ھիҲܣûϿ϶д²ˣסȻ²˳

̧ۣƽˣʣ£ҪūŴȥƵ߹ӣ
Сַ֪࣬ȥ

޿ɫ㳰⣬
ͻȻԭǰǾԸĻɲֹǶ˵ģҲǱ¶ԼΪС

*
գʵһҪ㡣ЩţҪʳڵ飬ǾһҪʡ

ջ¶һ˿Цתʧʲô

򴽣뿪ʱȥ¥ͬˣΪʲôֱӾˣ
ջ֮䣬ֻһͷôãջ
ջͣ˽ŲϹһ磬ǰŮķ˿ҡ

ǰ顭





23.  ڶʮ   һյȲˡ

һˮܳɻƽһ꣬ˮܶ˻غ֮ϡֻˮ֮ͻȻλͨʿˮܳɹܿٸ޼ɵ͵ϮٺĴׯأðղðʧء

ǰˮм׳̬
ɾԮʱջӧǰ˶֪顣

ȻҲ˲֪¡

ǰһգնϸ꣬ջֽɡվڹŴڣʱҲûȵ˴ӹ߳
ףûг֣תľܾ⡣

ڶգ̣ٳ¥ΪʿУջϣңңĳֵһʱЩ㱡
ʮɣǫѷºͣӶ˷ҲвɱӵĽġ
ûа취̹ȻԶԷһԲĴȥ
Ĵ··Ҳʱߡ

գǰվңɼˣջﷺ˿˿ɻΪܹ̹Ȼ£

ûеȵش
ջ첻ش⣬ѵǾС궼ǵõջûͬ£

ЩΣһװȥ¥רΪеģˣûҡһԳûȤձҲûǰȥ¥
ҪȥΪջС

ջ֮ˣ֪飬ǽ󡢲֪ҲĿ޳Ĺ
Ȼ;ܾͲǰڵ֮µκΡ
˿ɫ޴ãȻ˿αװ
ͻȻһͷ顣
ǲǸͲ֪ڹǰһգ

ջǵ˵ͷۼҪ֮ʱ

һ˫ͣ룬ĸǴСһ𳤴֣ȥԺҲ֪òܻؾȻҪúΪвŶԡ
գҶףһ·ƽ

ջɫ
Ļ֪ǰ˴ǰڶֻݼСһ𳤴ˣΨûŮ֮顣
ǳûнĵȴҲ̫
٣ǰǰһ統ڣ޽١

ЦЦѹͷǧοǳԣճ֮жŲѣδͬºúõ𡣡
ൽΣ᲻к塣
ֺαᣬֻ˼

棬ûƭҰɣһЩš

棬˵û׾ʶӦúúµ𡣡
ǳᣬĪٷա
˵䣬ջѾƲɫ 
δǾʢ޵ǫǫӣӲΪ֮¡

ĴʯͷǷˣջ֮ĸڴʱ˿ɢͬǰһദ
Щ궼ֻдţûд
ճջʱнŵúܣΪǶ˻Īһֱϡ
ջ΢΢һЦǲдš
̫æдݶ

⾪ȣˮ֮Һ𣿡
ջ˵ͷ⼸һˮһ£þӾ֮ˣδص

һһջǰǾջΪǣǿɼջ˵ļҲͽԺ

Ƭ̺ͬջŷս߸˻Ź

һŹͼŹĹ˽վͥԺؾصվţع¶˾֮ɫ

˸һӷ£ɫ££

£һˣ˲ǰ㷽չЩ
ȥʱŹôͱأ

վڹ֮ףˣϥ£Ҳ֮˵£ѹѹһƬֻüͷ

ǹڣҲǹͷˮ
ɭϣҲûһ쵽йĵ
Щôˣ

ʹͷ£ӵдȻù򡣡

ǲ⡣

ͷøͣӵŵµĿڹ磬ʱ˴Ҳ´Ȳƽ϶𷣡
һӵȽ֮⣬Ǵ棬Ҳŵ¶޿֡
˴ش

ÿ˵һ䣬˵ɫһ֡

ӽӵԵСģٲ

ššüͷ˼ŹĹ´Ů̵ʱ棬ȫޡ
һڲ裬ڣǽԡǰּ̣պ˭Եϸ񰴹洦ãϢ

˽л˻֣ɢȥ

鷿˵ʵΪʹе£ˣ

ҡͷ²ӣֻǵӣӸ꣬Э½Ź׵
ɾѣ갲ӹˣи֮Ķ֪
ѧպģָǺã
ҵΪʱ

ãȻѾôصĵزƬ̣𣬡ǽأȡû

˵´ȥʱȡҲ١

һӣھȥЩϰõɶĸΪдģˣúװ
ĹֵǣЩҲͬ޼֮

ֻǲȥ˽˻
ͽеĹת޵˼˵ﶼ䰮֮Ͳˡ

ɻ󣬱ת˼

ⲻд򿪣ͷŵѾþˣȴȻ
ᷭ޻Ȿǧġĸдġ
ԣʱʱһֲԾűע
иרעء
ʱõĵһ񲻾ʲô΢΢Ƶֽţžŷɿ죬һգѾʮˡ
ЩҲġ񶼳˻䡣
һһţ˲£пǧ

棬ŵĲһδ𿪵ź⾪ȣףôһţŷϿհһƬҲû

붼û뽫Ÿˡ

Ƭ֮Ͳ裬ŵļʣţǺʱսеģ

ԣϽⷿĹ
˸ܹѵ⣬˿̲ȡ˿ǲص£дⷿ꣬˽ձȡȥ˳Ӳ򿪹

Ǿֻһֿܡ

ϸŭ⡣

Ͻʣ£ôˣʲôԣ

ⶼ콫е壬һԲǳȥ
Ҫȥ԰䭣ǰջдţΪνջڽ





24.  ڶʮ   ֲùùü޸ޡ

߬ţһ̤˳

һƼɫһæǰի

˴ǡÿӾիæ
ի
Ͳá
Ĺϲıǳǰʱɿࡣգô߲ء

ɫһĻˡ
쳤һΪˣ𴲻ǵȷ
Ƴһ۷ţԸȥˣ㴫ȥƤӶұˣ۾ͶҲұպˣʲôʲôǴȥԼмԴԵġ

æūס˵һ̶Ĵȥ
ʱͱóزѡ

ûһӰæСӭȥЦ£ͷɹأôѽ
ɣȥ׼°õĲ㡣

⿴ҲûһۣȲġ˵ֱӾŶ롣
æ֣իźĹ¡

žһϣʣ£ûʲôͬ˵𣿡
ǰջдҵţΪʲôջڽ
ǲǾһΪԼŽȥģ
˫ֳϣԾԼ˿̾Ӹ£ʮ㣬ɹƿȫ

ĿɨǷţ̧ŭ
ΪҪչŻᷴӦ

ͬŭɫȽԶ׼ƽͣȻ˿ڣǰùھիţ޽ԭкβԣ

һ˵ʲôȴͽȻһ֡

޺ϾĿڣùΪǹţڲŻùã
纮̶һ˫˿̵ӳĵգ䲻ȵķʣΪҪţ

ⱻס
̫ˣô򵥵ⶼû
԰ΪҪţ
ֲջд䭵ģûҪŲѽ

ͻȻʱ԰ƭ磬˿С£Žм֪Ȼ԰䭸硣
һ죬԰䭲㱻
̾ͷ˵ʲôҾʲô㻹ֻꣿ
Ҳ̫Сˣ

һüùõ治ǵţԼ˳

˼ɵøƮȥ

ǰЩŵģӡ
Ϊеǰգ޲һ
ڣһʹ·һ㡣
ʱԾĸɩɩʹˣҲãܹһµľֻùõˡ

ڳһգչޡ
ڼ䣬˶
£߹š

΢΢ۣˡ
ʱﵣޣϾ˼Ƿƶûһۣ־ͷ˴Եİϡ
ûš
ǰһգ޺òײתǵǵһգ֪ջڹŵ

ɫֱ䣬Ȼ

ˣ

Ǵǰ޴֮Կôܱ԰䭵Ļƽȥ߻ˡ
Σʱ䣬ΪʲôŸңƫƫոң

ްû˵
ǽû˵˰ɡ

УȻˡ

һ㶣㣡ôܻիÿһǿɶǼ¼ڲģȻƭˣ

ۼҪ߳ŭ޼״һת㿴к𣿡

⻰ʵĿϣһʱȻ
ϣ˫ϥٴޣԼĳ˼

ʱ꣬ſջдšűŭɱ˫ֻۣʰ䭡
ϸ˼ŵݣͻȻͶ˼ֲ֪롣
Զϣڲ֪Ρ֮꣬ձҪһˣмڡ֪΢ᣬȴҲ빫֪֮ģù֮á
֣۴ʲôȥ𣬶ֻܽϲ˼
ջ˵ϲ
ôᣬջôϲ
Ƕദʮ֮ãôһ

ңôأ
ջСҪһĸǶ˿ǲһ
ջôϲ
ûջϲֿܡ
Ҳϲջ
ܴӦջȢ

ͻȻһʱǰȻֱ׳ջΪǰʱͬ
ƾ˭ͷղűһնδܵȵظգôԸ
ԼҪ϶ŭԷ˼̤⡣

ûпǷţԲ֪ջ⡣ջ֪ûпǷŰ
ջ϶Ϊǹǰʵģ

˼һСͻȻͨ졣

Ƭ֮Щʧ룬ֲգ޻˵
ջͣΪҵ𡣡
֮УջƢö۸ˡ
Ҫ۸ƽİο
ջʱθ롣

Ժô˼ջ
۾ֱǲԼ

ͷϴϤżֳЦϲùö꣬ùöûܿɼù޶ۡ

žŭί̧ͷǰˣ֪ˣΪʲôңջǰඪأ
Ȼվûע²ȿգֱֱؾͳǰȥ
̾˿һӣȵص˻Уûˤš
̧Ļ˵ԴкŻ˿ᣬǺ̶ůһˮ

ײۣҪƿޣȴôҲѲĻ

ĪЦһ˵
ΪҪ߹ùã
ôùùü޸ˡ

ᣬëƮƮĶУ˿˿⡣




25.  ڶʮ   ºһ

վھիſ, յֵĹ˺ѾվԶԶģܿеķ粨һڴ˴, ĿбӵĿͥԺȴŬ쳤ȥеĶ
˴Σޱȵҽ˶ԶЩ, ֻһﵽ׵, û춯, һ
ܲǶˣ
˵
Ҫ, ץҪ֪ͷʲô

Ĺ̤ͥԺ, ԶԶؾͳʾ⡣
ǹɫ, ˹ȥ͵ĵʵǽ, š

ΪѵǳسԪ, ˿빬£ôŲ

̾һ, ȥ, ȥ¡
ⴥùͷ¶Ҳֻܸȥˡ

̧, ߵ˷ţ, £

*
ôùùü޸ˡ

⻰˵̫Ѱлǰ㡣
ֻ˵𣬴Ķ, Ķ䶼̲סһͷ޷Ƶ

ʲôв޸ˣ
һʱԺ
޵Ļ

ҪһӶܼˣôԵ

ջǸˣ

üšһµĸ顣

֮ͷһ۾޵˫רעĿĻ˫װ

һ˲ʧ

ԾĿʼرܣתȴɻҪرܡҪúͬ԰䭽ֱ׳Ҷˣ޷ǾǾͬ޸Ӵ˼ҪһСø
Ǹ߸ϵĻʵۣȻϲˡ
˵ĶԲԣ
ıϲע顣
ѲҪһʮͷ
ŵ˫ۣɲʮꡣ

޾˵껰ùֻ˵һ䣬޾ǲСø
һȣ§ĸ˾벻֮䡣
һƽȣһȴʼµұš
ͻȻӦ˿Ƕ̫
̫Щ

˲ûôܵʱ̡
ǶСʱ
ȥĸһ꣬ɩɩסһꡣ
ʱСһסټ޵˯šһΣҪȥĸ
ػض£Ȼ˶ð
ǲƶĴҹܡ

һճŹ˲ע⣬͵ܳ޵ǽǳ֮ܡСֺڣһʱûĶˤڵأҲ˲
˺þãҵټǰ
ֻһͷޣһյСǲ͵ֽᣬʲôޣҴȥĸ
˵ű㽫˱ϣǰĸС
ſ޲ıϣŹǰ·
ֹٿóóΪ߲ꡣ
ȲҪĸ󣬸˼·ͻʣ䭣жá
ܿ졣
Ъʣ޾ͲЪĻش
һֱ˯ʣδߵٿǰ
䭣ܿǶã
۾һǾ͵ˡ
ı۾Ͱĵޱ˯˹ȥʱѾĸԡ

ǣܽӴʱ֪˶ٴΡ

ϰܣһֱҲ

ڣ޽ߣǳ˵ˡ

ͷһʶˣǹֶѪףҲӦܲŶԡ
Ůб֮ӦҪ־롣

죬£
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γѰ㣬Ŵ󣬡ſңҲŲšҶˣԼվȡվˤˣҲԼŬĽƿ֮ľԶ
Ϊ׺ݵĿޣҪΪոսסңҾͻԭ˽ҵš궼֪ŵĴڣôô򷢵ģ

ֻΪвУûáƳĶҪγѪĶ֡
˹ǣǰлһһ䣬ڻ˵仰ǰ˲ٿת뿪

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ɱ˼ֺαأ

̧ۿɫȴ׾ٿС˼
ʮ꣬һĸΣ޺ʵۡ



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æǣū

ԺڸҪǰ¡
ֵطϢͽɸ˲ɵһֵģ˵ŹͽŹĹ˸ѵһأͳȥ˺üƽֽŶʵġ

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˴ҹоݵ˵Լ
ǸС϶ǲΪСø
ʹƽСùöûа֮⡣
һҪȻҲڶֺĽ͡

ͷŷ

޾ɣһߴӣһ߸˵źϢĶ£ţ˵С̫밲Ź

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áкŹ

Ӻ󣬾Ϳ
յ㲲վϹװžµױݣݹ

ʹá

¡

ס֣ͳ޵ߣҺα⡣
ӿɺȫˣǵգ˳һѪˮ

еµĸѾȫˣȻҲ¡ͼɵŹУĸŮʮֻܰľһ˦֡

ЦǳǳׯᣬбŵٽӹڴǰĺϣҲҲҪ밲Ŷԡ
ٳ밲˵Ҫĸ밲лĸµĳ

ⶢ֮УѾ÷״۵ССӤֹ̾ССӤ֮Уһ˫ȴĺܣֱĶ

ָһССӤŴԲӣ´ʹַɿջָ
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һ᲻ʹ
᲻ޣ

ԽţЦСӸճʱͷģ´һȻǲ۵ġ
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뱧𣿡

ԥҲùĸĸо֮һֱ

ӲŽССӤ§˻УϻһζСҲ㰡ڻһûУԼ΢ССӤ

һԿţǶŮĴȰɢĸԵĹԡ
һʱȥǰǰҲĴģҲ񣬺ĳǣ޵ϡ

̲ס˸ˡ
ĸס

ȡں㹻ܹССӤҲˣҵ·ɵĻȤ£ɲĸס

̾һҾͻȻãһжһˡ

ڹÿ𣿡ͻȻ
һѺլ¶޷޲ƽҪΪһ
ֻǱţҲִҪ

ֱߣ˹ְڼұ˼ҪǸҶĸŮãҪȥúýѵһء

һжãÿֻҪչСһһӦҶү˦ƹԺĵĲС
Ұģ
ҲԼ̫ѹ

⽫ϸһأĲҲ֪⼫Է

ŮںĴ˯һ߽ʲô£
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״ֻžǴǣмһЦ֣õ˶˳ȥǶ˵

ڴϣǻ¶֮
ҲûʲôǾﲻ벻ΪʲôҪأ
ҪǲǲǾûôෳա
ǰѽ
ԴĸһعɩɩΪ࿴ʲôˡ
֮أӹļƽҲúڡ

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Ǻڹӡ

Ľһ˲ССš
Щйס
֪ģҴСǸ鷳ˡֻҪһλĸģܺúտ
Щѡڿ˵ĽңҪȢҡ
ֻҪǲɥʧĵĻ£ҶԵ˵ġΪֻϽѡһλ顣
飬ɵһ㱻ˣת

ס֣ͬⲻǵµĴǵ°ܻǵ⣬ΪҪ˷ա
СûˣȻ֪ն񣬻˹߻Լпһӣ㶼֪µĻ¡

ãİĽµӿ϶Ҳࡣ
ֻǵ²ϲǰˡ

ĪļܻôһλİĽ㣬Ҳϲӳ֡
ֻǻûѡ

ͷ򴽣յ飬ͷ˿˵˵ΪηҶ˵ʲô
һ𳤴ͷֻǰʲôգܸĸ׺޵ģͳͳ˵

һСӲԥơ
֮ſڣգҼջ

˿⣬أѾ֪⡣

΢΢۾Ȼ㶼֪
ԭǶ֪
֪Ҳ֪
ǾֻԼһ˲֪ˡ

ЦԣԹ壬Щ£⿴ĸ
˶ʱջֻһϡ
̽ŷʣǵģ߹Ǹˣһ𳤴֪֪ףףǵҲϲǸʵѡ

Һűأһ
ôҵ

ЦЦûǳѽ
ʲôʱСأҶǴСʶСλ˵𾴣ҲҲһλ

ʣǵ¾Σ

⻰סˣζûܻش𡣾Ȼ»ǲϲ
Ȼ²ϲֺαطա

˰Σɴͽշ飬һȫ˵˳
˵ԺջǷҸûյ
ְ䭣ﶼûŸң˵ˣôܻ
˵Ҫ㿴ǷţҾͣҾ͡

˿ǣûܽϡ

ȻƬ̣ЦãԭҲ޵
Ҳõǣ߹Ǹϻ֮ˣȻⱻܾˣҲõΪ֮¡
ǰһ㣬ദͺˡ
ȫ˫棬Ҳ˶֡

һ⣬ȻǺࡣ
ֻͷһ¶¶ֻܱﶼ޷˵ġ

￴˿ɫ˸뿪ʱʣʮ壬Ҵȥ¿Ҫͬȥ
ȥߣܱ
ʮ󣬱ʹҪִﾩʱϣš

⻨ã޵Ļ㣬Ϣӭ
һ붼ŲͷҲãҲȥΪĸһöƽ˵̫̫סڵɷּңλĸĲ᲻õĿһ㡣
Լʱ䣬˯ŵССӤҲҪȥ
ڻϸĺš

ССӤˣŶ˵ƣӤģҲ¶˳ģ֪ԼΪλޡ
һ꣬׾Թ϶޿ɻͷ˽ֵֻӤǻᷳճɼҵĴˣÿնµķգոһʵûʲô𡣡
²ҪջΡ
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価֮⣬澳ҲܽӹĽˡ

ڤ˼
ǸĪڣ

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գеⲽȥٿ̫
ԼȥѾؾǳȹխ䣬žͺˬ
ƽӦöһöһΪɩɩһöǡ߱롣

Ӽסˣʱѵ¡ͷ

ĺܣǲǻӦٶһö

ɻ󣬡ĸɩɩԼһöﻹҪһö

бѽԴʵ

Ųһ٣һЦҲ˵ǻϲɫ䵭ﻹҪҸƽ

æʹɫĪᣬһЦ˵ǣӣүӡ

û˵ȴǰ졣

ҪٿǰԶԶּһӭ
һƳ˿û̧ͣžٿ
ͣйһ񣬷׷ĽŲ

ҲԶԶƼٿǰһˣѵǳ¡СͷҲ̤ٿͷ㰵Լʲô
ûƼСڸͲˡ

̫ʰԺɢƼǰּ߽޺̤

̫֪ǰһֻɣȤǽԼһģ

̫֣⻰ƫͷһ䣬˭Լˡ

⻰̫ûˣ̫һ࣬˹ǣԵżˡ
ùã˵𣿡
̫վ˵ЦҲ䭶ѵ˵Цʲôӡ

ӣ֪ģ仰̲סһ¡
̫ãѹŻأԵż
ͼɴҪ뿪
һյĹͿڸǣɩɩҽԼȥԸˡ

޿һıӰҲ̫УҲҪȥ¡
̫ûǣֻǶߺ󣬲Щʣֳˣ
ˣҹԼͺˡ̫ϰΪҲûٶܡ
*
ߵļ죬ͷҲص˳ӿͷ޵Ӱ
һȴ־Լ̫ĪСġ
ôһ·ߵǰ

ŵĶŴƣѵ£ǿܳˣ
æʣ״ɡ
ʻؿڣǿЩͬѰ⡣

Ŀĵأĳݾǰ˽¼Уȶµˮš
ԭҪȥȴֱȰ˵Ŵñȶȥ

ֽ鳯ߡ

ϵɴ⿴ţƼȶµʢһʮݷ˶࣬Ҳడ

Ҳ̫ЩʵЩ⡣

ҲѾòˣʢҲ𣬡أࡣ

˶٣ѹȶжһλʦոʢ
ʮ壬ֵȶ°취ὲ
ʱദǢʱ̸۵
Ҫĳϣֹзɣ֮Ϊ֡

߳Щ²⣬ȻҲ˽ʵŶλʦô
ȴûеȵش

ƫͷȥˣɫΪѡ
ãѲʶλʦ

̾һߵĸЩСţ£ǰ½֮ʮ޺󣬱㱻ͽ˴ȶ
½֮зԵȳҺ󣬽˸Ϊͨ͸
¿̽ɣھﱾ
̽ɳ;ƽƣ֮ˡ
ͶĽҪһ½֮

ھ˴
ʮ̽ɺУ亱

½֮
Ѿþöû֡
էһЩİ
ع˵½֮Ϊ˳ңﰤʮӣɫƽ
ҲǣʮӴʹ
̶£½֮Է𷨵רоҲġ

½֮óԸﲻʺ쳾µĺСܹͬҵĴ̸۵ˣò˵ּߡ

д˿мĪȴҲʣǵ²ˣ
ȻǽղȶҲ޷ġ

⵹Ƕ½֮ûкøҲûжС
̶̫顣
粻Ǹ֪С

ñ˾֣˵ȻߵǰˣŲҲá
ǽȥɡ

áһЦȺ˴ȶ
תͷʾһ£ǷɢȺ֮С

ڷǰΰһأȥƽ

Ҳ֪ǲзĹϵ˶ࡣ

Сʦһȥ

Сʦţʣ֪ŮʩҪ뼸öƽ

ö
˵⻰ñµС΢գ˵̫죬Լǰ˵˾ֻöƽġ

СʦȡöƽӣŮʩ

ûнƽ˻ĵֻ˫ֽӹСʦűӽöӹսĺɰ
ˣܳŴĴ֮ˡ
ȻΪƽöƽҲ͸ˡ

ΪŮĲͬ˿ڷǰʦ˵ʦдҪЩʱա

Ҳģȳȥ䣬˾Ѱҡ

ߵǰ㳡ϣȺһȥ²²ضȥġҲû룬ҲȺȥ

Ѿʼ̨վλʿ

ⶨһһ۾ϳ˶˹ͷ˽̣һģɫȱɢűࡣ
½֮ԵĺеʿͿĴһڵǰ
½֮վУȴҲ򶨵Ӧŵҵʡ
˶ʺ͵½֮գ½֮ǺεȻţڸһӽ͵ӡ
̸۵ʱνǴڵɢŵĹâ˶Ʋۡ
ǷָߣɬľĴ˵Ҳͨ׶ñͶԾ͸Ϊеĵ

һ棬Ϊʡ
Ҳ̾ЩԸΪԼĸ֮ƫǼ˲ġ
һϣ½֮

һһصĽʮηͣ£λͽЩģϢȥϢĵطʯ徻ֻһλ߰Сڴˮ
½֮Сӹ裬һЩɬĺ
żһֱεĴʦ¶ЩЦ⣬СеԴʦܣȥϢɣȥһʦ

Ҫתһ͸

һξĲ⣬ʦԸΪҽһ

½֮Ϊ׷˴ͣҲûˡ
־Ϊ죬

תȥһλͷñǰŮ۸ߵ͹˫ֺʮһţ֪ʩĶξģ

ȡñ¶һ
¶˴ɫ

Ц⣬Դǲʵôкβͬ𣿡
Ҫ㿴ҡ

½֮һţв˿˿⣬ʩ޲ͬ
ƶɮˡ





26.  ڶʮ   

½֮, ̾һ䣬ҪģĺÿȳԺ, ҲǸò忡׵ĺС

룬ʥأ뷨ȴ˴ֱס׶½֮¶Թġ
Ҫһʼ

¯δϨ, ½֮СеԴȥ, ԼȡҶˮһ, ʩǲ, ƶɮʩһ衣

һ, , ˴ϸ, ֵ˵ӦҶܳ, ǸҺȱ衣
ñݸվŵ뷨ʦȱ, ¡

˴ƫƧͥԺ, ֻһáʯһʯšһš¯һףһ
ҲʯƮҶ, һ¡

Ľܶ˸飬½֮, ߳ĵط徻

š½֮ͷϴִɲյյеĲˮɫǳ
ƶɮûʲôòҶʩĪ

Цһ, յӹһڣԭΪǳĲˮûʲôζȴǿɬֱü

½֮ŲյȴüĿȻһڲ衣

΢ɣſ½֮׽ѺȵĻסû

½֮ˣº͵ǸһЦ֪ʩȲӲ衣

һӲ裬̲סţҲͰˣҲҪȿ衣
ӲˣҪԼҿܣ

˫ü΢šüƲɢķա

½֮΢΢Щ⣬ʩ£

ܹ棬ؼ澹ڵʱ

ͷ죬ˣҵ²ֵһᡣ
ϰƸżз
ķƮ̣Զ
ƽڴ˿̵֮С
ŷŵܹҪЩʲôʳǡ󽡿١լƽơ
ǵ·ܿܿʵ㲻ʲô

£תͷȥ½֮Цüۣ㣬ûйԼܹĿࡣ

쳾֮ҲǷһ
ξȻû˽黳֮ģ½֮
֣µ˷ţƶɮǷʩһʩгһҪæƶɮԵȫԸǡ

ⱻˣúĺвͺˣòײԲҿǳҪæĵطֻܰĺС
Ҳ˵ѡ鷳ֻھիʺ͵һۣʵĴ㶨Ϊ
ǶˣǲԸΪ˵ӣԸ̨ףûҿܾͲѡˡ
˵֮£ֹһµ򡣡

ԾԼԷ𷨻˽⣬˵Ĳȴ½֮Ŀ¶죬Ʋԡ

ֵôˣ˵𣿡

½֮Цһأʩʴȴȣ˵Ĳ

ֻЩ飬ƶɮԭˡ

棬˵˵

½֮ĬƬ̣˫ֺʮ˷ţɫ⣬ڻЩ£ҵϣʩܳܣ

ɫãȻֻ½֮Ŀ֮Уһ˿

һž⡣
ſڣɬĺ﷢˰ǱӲһ֪ࡣ

ŲյŬԼɫְֻң㣬ֻҪңǲйأ
С˵𣬱޵ޱ̫ӣʮǻԺԾɽ
ֻͬʱŻ䵭Ļ¡
ƺƺ֮䣬ǲͬġ
һǣһصı䡣
ʱ˿̣ʵ޷ǸɳͺԼһ˵ڡ
һӡ
֪Լ˿ɫ԰ףǴһ
ڿ־ʲôֻܵǵĿʩִ̫Ŵ¡

֪˶ãԶԶ˵
⳯һЦ˵ĶԣҲִڴˣǺܺóԸҲʧʲô
ǻǷúĺľ
Һúõĵҵĳ
лĲ裬ǡ
ǾҪߣȥԶʱȻɫֻͬ½֮źһյ裬һء

üһЦʵļдˣҿҿҶʲôء
ﲻ֪¶棬־ͳߣһ߽ȡ

Ϊ½֮СбıԶʦ֣㲻ȥʦ
δʦʦ֣ȻȥˣԵ»ټСоſϧˣʦɲǳھģû׼μ˷ᣬѾǰطˡ
ʦ⼸ʮڴʦ
λŮʩѾ뿪ˣʦΪλŮʩȥķأ
Св⡣

֮½֮СеԴ޷ģδܼʦֻԵ

żĹϴڷٵĳɳΨһһżǿġ

Слǲ⣬ʦλŮʩԵ
½֮ЦЦЩԵ֣Ƿһ

Слû
½֮˼ѾƮԶ
йʱ˵飬롣
շǹʹȥҴʱ𳤹Ѿ빬Ϊ˶»¡
ɳԼȴ˵빬ʥŴ㶨Ϊ

½֮ɻе׷ʲôΪǶ˻֪ƫ
*
̤˻ع
ӣعһϰЦⶼûУųᶥã
⣬⿪ڣعԺȥ͢鵵ǰȥ½Ҵ̣ҡ
⣬ö˶˵ôͲǰ飿
˵УĸǺ˴ģȥһ顣
ϸЩ
֪ڲ顣

ۣЩˣعԺٽҡ
Եľܾеʡ

Ӧһ˼ŻعԺΰ¡

˫ۣë΢
˵Ķԣ̫޶ۡ
ڿջЩ⡣

Ҳ޶۵·̫ĲͬѰ֮Ȼ˿û˼Եɡ
ǻǡɳÿĹؼʱ򣬴ɵĽ⡣
ʶĺԣºҲܲȥΪλˡ

½֮Ȼʲôû˵
ǵ˷£ȴڲ
ĵط׶Щʲô

عԺź£˺ɰ
ɰͷװƽöƽ
һöɼŵ˵Ϊƽġ
ʹɫĪڶ໰Ͻס˿ڡ
ȥȡĸºɰ

ͷ΢΢ſƣǰոöƽ

ʼ磬һɰװΪĸƽڷǰٹЩʱһʱȥ

ɰȥɩɩ
һ͹ڴͷˡ

װеöƽĺɰֱӽӽκžһӸϡ
ⱲӶҪƽˣ





27.  ڶʮ   ޴֣

עĿһ, Ǳʹִﾩ
ΪԴ͢ʢٲˡ
͢ѾΪ׼ãһ˿һҳء

ڵȵʹ뾩ʱ, Ŵ󿪣ϰնۼڳΧۡ
ŮһµչֵļѵĴװһͷɳ, Ϊ顣ָŴűεǣŮǸߴġƤ߱, ǳɫͫ, òȫȻͬ

ƺĶԷʻʹķ
ֵҲһͷ

ʹæµ, ΨŹﰲ, ûʲô
һСŮ, ǻðֵӡ
ǰЩӣŽŹ¸ôһ, ⼸Ҳ޾ɵģ˵ͷ̫̫ɹ, Ҳȥ
ЩСŮһ˸ǰǰ󵨺֣ȥǱʹ֡

黳Ųд鷿߳, ż
Դ, ڵǰҲɥɺͳ

Сһ, ֪ˡ
ֻǽձŮ빬͢ŵĸˡ
¾Ȼ˵һûȤ, ȥơ

㣬ǲǲˣ

Ƴһ鷿飬Ѿͷ˵ʲô, ⼸մȣȣҲǳеġ
ǱŮкνģֵµǡ
ѵڵ֣ѲɾǣûȥƹƤǳ

һͨѵ֪ˣ㣬Ҳˡ

鷿ңңһؾǣȥȥˡ

ɿڣ¼Ȼˣȥһ۾ˣǱǲǱȴ˶೤Щʲô
˰飬ƿ鷿ţ߽һ˲ȼдõһ֡

ȡͭ߹ȥŻҽ

ŴһСŻҡҷ
Ȼ⼸ճĬдֲ˵װãֱյΪЩ֡
£˭Ҳ˵
ǰղż˾ȻҲܿһ

ÿÿĬĬһԣȼ꣬ѻҽʰɾƿɢŷеĻζ
*
磬ٹ㡣

ټʹƻͨ۴αȵİڷţյƽ԰ڷ룻мƤƵĵ̺̺£˿ŷƽͼ

װڷһŵϷΡ 
ָһϯ

͢Ʒ飬Աȡ

һĺŽڵȵῪʼ
͢˸˾ְӭŰٹϯ
йȣ¼ݵ̫ݵ
ٹվڸԵλͷҾӭ

޷̫
£ףʹλҿš
ףλҲš

̫һƣɻ󣬡ƶδ

һδʹ㣬ͬƶ˷ִûδͺã̫󱾾ͲϲС֮£ɼϲֵվûϯ΢üͷƶСв֪£ɵùãҸЩ

⻰ƫĹͷʶʵ׳˺£ҲûٲȻѾϰߡ

ƳһĿǺһ˿Ц⡣
õĶӺ¡

֪Īĸ̫һܾ⻰л

һͨʹ

̫µɢֻһ䣬Ҿͷˡ

ŵ˰Ŀűʹһ
ɴıŮǰǰҲδժɴָؿڴȥŲ׼ȴԭٻ¡·ǹǰö𣬽ķ

̧̧֣ǰһŮ񡣡

Ů̧ͷɴסֻһ˫Ķ˵ۣͰѩĶ䱦ʯ׺ɵĻ䡣
һ˫ǵۣ·ڹƻ˴ߴɴһžɫա

̴֣ӳֽӹһһҸǲʹʱ⡣
Цɡ

ÿǰһڳһһ֡

ֻбŮӯӯһյĽҵĽ壬죬ö

΢̧űŮ̲ģ߽

*
ҹĻ٣͢ʢʽʼʱ
˿ʱʱƮŹΪҡ

Ŵ̨һֳСһְֻľŴ̨ϵҶӡ˳ҶӱָϣĵԽ𪡣

ǲϲ֡
ǰЩ֪˱ǲŮͶԱŮ²űŮһŮӣΪ

˿̣ԶĴΪλŮ˿ֵ֣֮ĺܡ

û飬˿ȴ⶯˼

ڲ䭡
һ롣

Ϻͼ
ְ䭣
ܵһʱűŮģ
СҶܲסĴݲĥһѡ

۵ĽָϵĶҶḧţҶٲҶʣµҶ֡
ݱͽ˷ƬҶӴݲ˱飬ԵήҲ񣬿ȥӡ
ǵģ˺Щ裬ĺǻţɾͻôһꡣ
һֱڷ޵̨ϡ

ԶƮţǳ

ͷߵ鲻͵ĺܣ

ȴɽλˣװиɫ̽

ɽҾūŸ밲

ⲻǴֶֶߵˣҲһ۾ͼķúܡ

ɼɫͣæЦ̫ū͸㣬⼸ԭԲģƫɶûϡ
Žū

̫ţȻɫһȴǺɿɣɩɩ㲻ڱź򣿡

ù˸Ͻ£Цܸȣūŵҡ

ɨ۹ȥϰŵİ̸㣬ȷСͰԵģҲͲɼƽϣԻȥˡ

һȵȣ˵˵Ůʲôģ

һתɫ˵ǱŮһʼɴ
ݼʱɴҲδȡ¡
ǹ˼ū˵ﻰҲŮݡ

װ⣬ȴŬ֧š
ɺ£ôţ

˵һ죬˵˵

ɱ任ɫװĪ⣬ŮһһϽ죬

ⱻɵĻ˵ŮŽĵ
ǽе仰
ռŮա
ĿԼ䣬һ飬

ɴСֵĽţⱱŮȻȿ̨ףŲһЩ

ûˤţϵɴȴ֮䣬Ʈ˱ѥԡ
ūŵڵüŮݡ
ȻϣǶټˡ
ɽŹ»ƨȻŮòԶǡ
ĿĿǱ£Ϊʰɴ

һ龧Ө͸ܲˮ⣬һҧŵŴڱ֮

ͣһյʱ䣬˺Ķסˡ
һʣȻأ

ǱǻᱻСɱ˻ۡ
ɫ˿δ
ֻͬŮ˵һ仰

Ůϲ棬պɴϵΪá





28.  ڶʮ   оо

ļ, ̫һʣ콫濾ˣͣð, Ǵһ㣬Ҫ˸ˡ

ķŲͣغȶţͽ޽ں֮ϵˮ

ƶɵĳ, ֻһűӡһµţ̫, ָŰĶͷ˺, ˳ŷελ, ޷ʪ, , У˾Ǹմˮ̳һ㡣

Ĳ, һʱ֪ҵµǺãǻ
, 鲻֪˽ȥȥ˵ʥΪµĳ, ϵûǲ鲻ġ

Ĭš
ˮ֮, ֻüź֮

͵վ
ɫѱ棬ŭѹãȻʧ롢

ֻһ, ֻΪҪŭҴǰ
æȰο£Ҫ˼, ҲΪ룬ŻὫÿλѡϸһ顭
ٶȵĲҵ׶Щʲô
ȥ½֮дٵĹ, ͬ½ҴҵѾ½֮Ϊ˼ɷһ죬²û뷨
鵽˱β½֮ǰȶ¡
񣬰ҺӣɱµŽںͿСƲ⣬ӻоȳǶĸӵˣҲǱµˣǵֽ֪Ĵ
Щδѡеѡ˽µҲľͱ˸顣

ͺֻҪҵ£˭˭˽µһͻᱻعǰõʶնһ档

ֱ˿̲ҵǰȥҳ
Ȼ֪ĲҲλ֮֡

ȴߵǰеĻȻŸȼŻΪҽƮˮ
޼Ѱ

Żϯָ΢΢ָϻվȺ·Ҳ֮ƽ㲻õģûȥ

ȻںҽڳϣƫͷźϿʢԳֶأȥƢ
֪Ϊ˵Լ˵ְһСǿô׹ùá׹ùõģȻҪЩֶ
ٲǰǰ㣬ȥͬ졣

һͷοǿʼó죬ܷػҲܿʼС

ǡ¹˻תˮȥŹ

ߺ󣬷¶˿ղɫ

Ľǰ϶ǻòУȥΪλˡһ㲻˵˼ָȥʡ

ֱգе鶼Ѿǰ

ض˵һϲˡ
Ƿⱻ䭲š
½֮󳹴ҡ
Żıӵ鱻ع⡣
֤ʵ˰Ѿ֪Щѡ⡣
а׿˵Щ

һ͸¶һѶϢ
ԼΣС鶼¡
Ҫǰ䭱ָˡ

Ȼôͻóϲϲϲϲֽ

ǣôأ

Ҳ˵Ƕ˿Ѫ׹ֶ

䭶ùðû𾴵˼
ǳЦ޶ۣ
ϲı֡
ھիֻͰˣ˰䭻밢Ŀԣһа˵š
Ͻ˻ԴھիϽγԴ

ѵǰ̫ûмĹ
Ͼ۹ĹŮֽӶĳԺ󣬴ǰ԰֮ͣĽƯǾҲǰ߶

۾ͷ峺ˮϣδʩȴԾƯһ
ЩնڰǰƵƯʵһ
ǫΪԼɶ𣬿ʮǸƯ
ͰնҪһ棬ʱȥիڰǰƴա

ܼŵƯɲֻһ
˵˴ȶʱ
ȻȻҲ͡

Īˣ
ԽԽе

Ųɫʯӣƽĺϱһһˮˣһ˿̲ƽľ

ɣһҪ취źۼĽ⿪µ

ѾŴˣܹĽ⡣
ðΪһ·갢䭿ǴӦʣҪΪһո걻ūӵأðհҵ

ŲҪǻˮգպȪռʡ

һɫĽȿֺĸˮʳ

ɣҵӣ⿪µ
ΪԼΪ˰䭵ҲΪ˲ȥǰϣ
䭿ɲϲˣ
Ȼڶ԰
òϵһ㡣
϶Ҫˡ
ĸɩɩǰˡ

պϲλҲڰ䭺ͷ

պһҪڰǰһصĹùãҲҪʱʱ޼ɵȥ䭣Ӧһȴͬ䭱Ĺùá

ζϾ˰䭶ϲʱ

ıĽ£Ů

붼û룬ʲôüġء

СװϵĹӣ£Ů˺ö˵æ

ܰʲôæͷҲء

ԴΪʹӷĹԺ󣬱Ůն£ϧδóѣ¸ŮֻǼλ泼

ڹǰ㶪ƶҷӼ£϶޸Ǳ¡
黹˵⼸ճͷԱŮʱҵոʵգ˵Ҫ޸䭣

׻˵Ҫ˯˾ͷ
֪ð䭸ϽҪϲʱŮɲˡ

鲻֪һתͷô¶ֻͷҶô˵˵ū۸һҪǴŮǱһˣΪͬǱΪʲô

ǰͿŷŻԱŮûȤ⣬¶ЩĵһЦ

ΪܶԶĿʧأ
һ

һѣ֮ϣǹһĨֵֶЦ⣬űŮ

ڱṲ̊ʱⲻ¶һ˿ɫ
Ůһɫխ£һͷ΢ĳ˷٣˲Ƶ鳤࣬һʱܻӭһȺ˲һζĵǰͦ֫˫޳
˫Ĵ۾ĵĲ⣬һƲ˫ۡͿ֬˫һƬĵĻ꣬ĵüѩ

Ǹء
űŮĵһ棬ĸ̾

Ůӯӯָǰ¡
Ҳͬһ㣬ö

̧֣Ůض

űŮͬʱλıŮҲɫĴ

ǰѾһλɫĳĸߣûбܳĹȴ࣬˼棬Ҳ

һλεĴȻĻػһģһ
ʶϣλڴµСѲ˶׻ΣӶӽʡ

һ˼㿪˿ڣĽ֮òֻϻع粻һ

ЦһɲȥʱҲλŮ
һڲ裬ձ岻ʣʲδܳϯŮĽӷ硣

ŮҲûԵɣֻŮϤϡ
ŵ¸ͻұ룬им±л

ĵ⻹˸Ľǰ
ʲôʱ˵أ

ŮŮװϵĺ첼ȫȡ¶Ŀ
ྫ°ΣҲ࿴һһ׵ĸѪͷ棬Ư

Ǵֱʣ
ģһæġ

ЦǳǳŮƷˡ

һŮӾûвϲεģϵЦݣֿࡣ

һ֪ǰŴı֣ҲҪһùá

һ㶣ΪΣüһС붼ˣ

溬Ц꣬ʥʵ۱£밢游й֮顣
ݹأǰˡ

˼ԭҸ游һԵ
ϽʾˣҲݣӱԶظյǴв㣬ͬܰĵطӲ

ﲻӣλСﲻµĽ
ˣ޷Ǿռ˸߹ĳȴԼļҹ˿ûô

һƽϣȴ¶ЩǡôĿ
ΪöҸҲѾźдһһҪʵáֻϧ±Ű棬ЩҲӴӦ밢
ʵڲ֪Ǻˡ

ͷ֪Ϊһ˿ӿο棬ʵҲ㣬һʮǰ
ɻ֮ǡ
֪ǰλ˵ıŮǴʲô⣬̲סҪһأ֮ǡ

ֻϧѶ԰˵˿ûô
Ȼ֪Ǳʦǰһ˵ڴʵһѵĻ
ͷͱЩֻװŪķʿ
֪һ˷Լƿأһѻأ
ܽϳʣץסʵģڳʵĺһ谮ʲôٴ

ĿɬЦ滹δǰԶֻ£鱱֮¡
֪Ϊ
֪λСڴλ磬ҲԸˡ

ǰһ˵ͷָϽΣԼ¶ţ¹ֶǲΪŮѡ
*
ȥŹǰ񣬴ߣߵˮǰʱͬһӭ
վסͬΪλֵ΢΢ףǰȥ
ŮΪλǼҵ£
ӵɻˮ󣬱λһ͹װĵ£˷²Ρ

ˣ֣⳯ˣŮʲô

˹ϰڷŵһ׸ѪΣеһ
üͷŮɲᡣ

ôҰ밢䭼һ棬ɣЩС⣬ҵķӡ

ЩΣ£ΪͲ˱µԸŮȥΪǵҪ

˳¿ͣ˳Ļ˵ţҶӦ˼ˣ벻ɣܹҪ֪ҼŮļ밢Ǽġ
ҰôŮԺҵԼϲĻʺ󣿡

پΣǰοԼҵ³ǳˣû뵽Ȼ֮¡
£֪

㲻ùܣˣҵšҲûʹϣͲءû׼һͲϲء

*
ߵ˷ţĻػ£

˰ΣիеȻӦ
С̤իУʦڣҪǶŭΪ˶ûˡ

˴ʲô

æ½ں߿ã˵ȥδժժ飬ûʲôͬѰСˣñȥѣ˵Ҫۡ

ɵͷԼɫﲻͣԸ±

ֻǣүڴ˯ûԸһ̣֮ϵľͿ˿ڣռ˭

ȶһ£أ£ŮЯǰȥݻ᳤
ɴһĽʲô˵ˣôū룬ǱŮҪ££
ǳ¶ôһˣ˵˼仰ͻᱻŮƭˡ
Ůնʹ۶ӣҪۼŲˣȥƭ¡
˿Ҳ֪ͬսôգͻȻǰԼȥժһ붼֪⡣
ɵĻ˵Сίʱǲµͷġ

ջϵĿ⣬ͽȻԼѹȥ

ָϽ£ҪūǰȥŹŮƣóɱΣΪŮ֮

ֻȻջȥ

£Ϊ죬֪ŮеΪλҪӦɫ黹㲻

ָֻ̧̧ȥɡ
ȥˡ
޶̨һݡ
Ǻ뿴СùùôЩӣûгɳ
*
˳ľޣȥժ¡
ⶼмֲ˼顣

𣬡䭵Ӧˣûʲô

ֻ˵Ӧˣûʡ

˴ĹˣϸĥǴֶͦ˵
ȻΪϲԵʣ
ɣһҪ˼;֮ԽԽ

ʹ˼ʹ˰¬ȥŮѾѱԼҪúñ֡
*
治رӣŮӣλվΪԼʣ

治⣬һЦҿ˵󻰣ҲãºվԼʣûǷңأԺΪҰɲ¡λСаȥǼƭġΪڴıһ

ŮסڣͳȥױȸӵĸѪǶΣνǼֵǣ亱ǰ첻ҹҪɵ飬˷ˣ

Ҫȥ˵ĴΣһλ䵶ϰŮ߽ӣŹţ˵ѾˣֱӰʱȥˡ

סһ˲ЩɻλС˵ԼժûмŵģССҲֻЩСӲŻɵ顣
룬˼ҾԼ˳ʡ

˵ʲôζֻϲӿͷ˿Ҳ׼ѣΣɴΪǲϲ磬⼸˴ѡ
գһҪºӡ

*
ãˮ峺ʢ̵ҶʣҶҶ֮䣬ɼԲ

ʱͣźС۵СͷϣֻһıӰ˴ʱ³йŮϲȹĿɨܣԶĳ󣬲ͷβ¶һȹڡ

󣬱վıӰת˹һǡôľţҺĻæ
ʱ£û뵽ڴ˴
Ϊĳǰߣһֱߵ岽Զĵطվ˽Ų

пϲҪĶӡ

ͷϢעǰһһڴĵ޻ͬŮ˵һ仰

ɫĮȻĿ˿ڣ˭





29.  ڶʮ   ׽棩

ͷ, ҧԼͷ

ҺǱŮѣǱĮȻ֮ʳ˭, Ҳ˿ŭɫ

ⶼεסֻŮ΢΢ͷЦǳǳ, ǱȴոΪʵ٣Ŵױ, Ǹµء
䭿̫Щ

ӯӯһ, һ, ¶˳ɵĲ, ǰһĨ, ʱ¡

ԭ㡣޵Ȼ

濴۾Ŀƺ̶, һ˿顣
ЩҪסϵЦ⡣
ͷһΣװ׵, ֻͨ򵥵ļֺɫǰ, ɫ˿Ȥ, ͺ˿̵ղԼѿСϷ
֮⣬ٲЧ

ɰż, ǰһΪʻԷ֮, گڣŮΪڴˣ

΢΢һЦǶ˶Ժõ˵ǣö˵, ܳǰһκժֻǳ˵ЩʣҪϢϢƬ̣ٹ

Ŵ˿̳»δ
ʱ鱱һ¡

΢΢üͷҲûᰢһֻۣɣù岻ʣ̫ҽ԰̫ҽȥ
æūȥʿ
ĵҲ֪¿϶屧ΪڣøŮڳطʱദ

ˣȥ̽ҲŮһۣתߡ

Ϊʲôˣ
ϵ˲ǻӹ޵ϲŮɫȨ¶ѳŵĸףŮ˶ͷ˻ֵ
ֽܵˣôûС
ˣΪǧﱼ磬ɫˣƽϢ֮ҡ

ǰˣ߸ϵĴʵۣǵ˵ڶʮǰŮɫ

ﻹƽܿ͵̬׷ǰȥ޵ȥ֪ڳʱǰʧ˱²ϲǰĴ

ҧҧһ˫˵˾Өˮ֪ǱˣóʱΡ

񣬸ԸܳңѽᱱΪá
棬Ѿزȥ롣
ΨԸڱ࣬²ԸͬҸϣǰ㣬ðŮˣðΪūΪ澣ҲԸġ

ţ;ŮЩ
һΪãҲزȥ
ƫƫֶǲ飬ȥ궬ۺɽĴ顣

ƫƫӦΪⷬ԰ϧ֮ޣɲΪ
ֻ˵֣ÿ

ɫ԰ףۼҲﲻס⣬Ҫ
Ҫǰʱ
ֻǻδ֣һŮ

ǵһȣĿˡ

ȹߣ󲽳
ԭǶ͵
û뵽ķչԲǰ㡣
ǸŮƱֻʱװֻڷŵֻ̬Ҫð䭵ͬͺøС
Ůͷβͼ
д˿ȴռϷ磬˳
٣ٴ˿ñŮ̫ѿ

ӭȥֻһ̧ۣ޵Ŀϡ
ĿƮƮϣƽ޹ʵЩ⡣
һִ֪͵߳һ̣ĿѾ׷ĽŲ

æƿĿ⣬ֻװһж籱Ů˵ǰ㣬岻ЩΪҪԱĿ񣬻¡

ǿһۣȥ޵ʾ⡣
΢˵ͷ¡

˿̵ʹͷ΢΢⣬ƺС

ߵԣԼ˹ȥŮǲ
֪Ҿù㣬ŮԷ
޿©ٳǿԲŵµĳ棬پĳ棬СǸĹԸΪͷһͬԲ

Ǵǰ

۾һ٣ӹ˲۾һл
ۿ΢죬ҲմЩᣬҲûȥ

ͲӿŮȥޡ
Ϊ⽫Ů
ǲȥ۾
Լֲ塣

޿Ȼһǰùްˣ
ǲȥϢ֪岻ֻǽڣȴҲĲ

ҵĵ˵ͷſͱ¹ػѾˡ
Щ޴룬Щ˽Щʲô

޺̧ۿԶСҪժ
ɡ

ɸϽָˣū˱

һԣɲ˵ժģһ˴Ժ취ðͬŮܹú˵
ҲǸûᣡ

ϵĴվѾ׵˷򽫴Сͷӣͬ˵Ů롣

ֻǻδߵͷСһˡ
죬Щҭ
ȺСͷô
˲ǱˣЩСǡ
Ȼͷȥޣֻǹһ˿Ц⣬ֻùκȤ
ýճ̫ͣΣùҲδСǡ
ޱ׼ǽκ

԰䭣Ȼ

һĿȻЦ

Цǳǳһʮõǳ޶

ùá
ĸ
¡
֡

ƺ˷һƬ

̧ɨȺ´ҴܹͣˣյСǣ̧֣ϴ
Щõ䶼ҲͲסκԣʹȻӦ׼ȥ

ⶢŴסˡ
ֲ;⴬ЩԾһҴ󴬣ʮ˵Ĵ󴬣һӦѾ׼׵
԰Ԥˣվ֪˽Ҫʲô

ѾȻȻ֣Ƴһ۱Ů
֪ʱŮѾٺ飬ȫȻһǰ滨꣬΢Цףֵ
ҲԵͷ񣬶ùҲǵģκժȤôң
ŮѵһĴ˶ˣùþͽֶŮԺ󡣡

໰Ҫ˵˿һȫȻ˻ȥֻƽæдп֡

ƳվڴǰٲȥҪںˣϽϴɣ˵ȥ

̤ϴ壬һСһߴߴš
⣺ۡ

ּСǡ𾴡СǾޣͬһҴʱ㶼סתơ
ԭҪŮƵȥһתԾΧС۾Ŀ
ŮѲ֪١
ţùãҪǶ
һ˫һһĸ첲ĸ쿴һ˫ա
˵꣬ұߵı㲻Сϣǽв

⣺Щգȴֲ˵
֮˹ȥ겢üá

ûг
Ȳ˿䭣졭





30.  ʮ   ˫ϲ

ΰ, ˶ض顣
ܹСǴһҪĴκĿġ
͵, ȴǿһˡ
ôŮôͲˣ

վԣż֪, ù˭
ڶ𣬻ǰϰΪ, Ź˵㡣
Ƕ̫, Ȼ, ȴûʲô¶ȡ
ֻҪ, ͺܸܵů

ȥˡͻȻһ, Ƕ̫ˣм˲˿, Ǵǰһץס޵䡣
, ͬǰһˡ
ȥץ䭵䡣
ǶҲزаͯʱ⡣
Ӧñ־롣
ͷȴ̲סĿʼʧ䡣

Ϊʲôǵߵһأ

һ״Ʋ, Ƕ, ǵȻĿ, ˲ˣҵȻҪʡ
ΪԼľٶѰ
û뵽, ĲҲһ֮ǰ
ŵһϽƣֻÿһ, ˱һһһ߷ƵĽ͡
ʱǰùų˷ҪԼժʱŮѾΪδȥ
ԼˣǵԶʹ˹ﻹ˵ˡ

Щģӡ
ʱͬСֶŮһͬժһ±ŮδȻȥϢˡ
ΪˣôԻ¶Ժ

ߵԣȲĵƹ⿴ЦЦĿϡ
ͺڳЦռƻȫա
æĽʷ£Ըأع

ŴֱǱȳʮоҪп˵
ڤ˼
Ϊȫķӣ䭸ʶҲͰˡ
ŮǷĶ˵ĻҲû˿ð


ɣܾô

һԣˣ̲ס̾һ
*
س·ϣɴĦƬұµ飬ֱκգӦпɣʣ£ٴͬŮ

׾پͻˣƳһۣͬ

ϸһ룬ǣ´СɢԶûȤΨҪɵ飬ͻʮ
ԴϱŮһ£ڱصá
벻׵ǣǵôϱºŮ

ֵǸǺãЩ⣬¼Ȼ֪ЩʲôɴһʼͱӦԼֱӶϾϵͷöáֺαضһ١

ڲ̣ͲʳĻ

⾪Ķ࿴һۣϺ̳ͽܣô棿
ȴҲûʻֻȻص˳ƶΪ벻Ľ
Ҫٵȵȣһõʱ

Ϊ⣬ҪһʲôĽ
*
ʹסı

ӣˡŮŷڴϣץ˱ӣԼ޳İ棬ѡ

һ̧ͷ˫ͨ죬ͷҲѾˮʪɾǿ˵˭˵ڿޡ

ֻǺԼΪξѾͷĻ
һнλ֮ʡ
Ȼ첻Ϊͳǣһ£ΪһӦУ
Լ˾һڣΪһ˱ų⣬˿벻
ڳǰС㡣
ĺֹס
Ҫþ취óʶҲʾԸԼ汻˲ڽŵ̤һ֮ˡ

ĸ֣ΪҪˣĸֲǵǱ污ȴҪһŮ֮Զֺóʣȥȡİ
δаͬĸһ㣬ӵߵȫ
ȴҪΪֵȨ׳ģЦ

ѾһűġȴĿǶ֮ر𣬲ɵñһ޵ȴԼΪλˡ

ȴ޶˵ЩĽ
λͬһȨ֮ңͬǹȴóеΣֻҪǵ֡
ô˿˳ۡ
ƾʲôء
ͬǹͬŮӣȴȫͬˡ
ǰ˷롣
ԷȴŹδ

Ů磬һֱ̬䵭ǿǺã
ɴѾʹΣʱץסʵġ
ɴ˵ӲУõڶӡŮһ
ɫ䣬ҧɣǸʧܣҶһΪЩ˻ᱣסҵ
˷ʹֵˡ
ʧܣֻԼôܹ
򲻵ѣȫǵġ
лᷭڡ

ߵţŹ

ϺδλҪʲôնĲЦ
ֲܲ
ԵȡͷԸһ䣬´ױݣôǽۿסһ׻ԵЩ㲡

ӣҪ軭һŮòȥˣҲס

üβϸһЩɫѾָȻžеԼǷдһǾޱٴЩȥҪҴһ˿Щá

ʰԼǰȥ͡

ǰ¬ȵĶЩģҪǷʱڼŮӰ
æס⣬һ
ض񡣡
Ůһתö
¬̧ͷ⣬һŮȴ̲סֹŮȥôǴһȻù֬ȥ覣ȴҲڲסβ졣
λŮλˣѰӼסġ 
ϧˣǲǱµԵ

Ůһʣ֪ǰǳкηԸ
¬عæˣҼҵ˵ûܰŮæأŮҪæĵطᣬᾡΪŮͬǣߡ

Ů޸мҶл¡

ͻعˣǡ¬ѾҲйߡ

ֻʣ°Ů
ӣǻԸǣŮʵ

üͷȴް¬ʱĴɫ䣬ǳλѵˣһΣ
ǲһˡ
Ϲһεͬһǰϵڶε
ֻҪۿλ׻ˣЩʲôϷ

£׸ʲôӣٽӽʣ
*
ҵȣֵȵһʱ
ʹ˷Ǵ˲ǰĿıǣǧӱʮֻޡ
˸óԣʮֻޱǱǴɽҰﲶ׽δĴҰδ
ʹޣβ޷Źɽ֮䣬ñжд֮ʹƵ˵ţж񰲾ҵض֮²籱жó

ݱԵǲܷȻñС˴ж
ʢ佫ڳʱվ˳˵жǶصжԲڻ¡
ϻ˵ϡ
оò׵ĳҲûа취ԡ

֮ϵľ˽ڣ֮Գԣ׼

ͷӣ΢ԣҪȥ

Ͻͷţųϣ½ԣ˵պԣԼҲҪμӡ

ö˶˵ıʲôԣΣѽ
ұ˵ļŹһתܿһ
ѵ֪
Ȼ֪ҪӦ

̲סüͷ
ʶҪǰȥիֻعںϣһûһİӣȴĲˣ֪ˡ

˵ʮֻͻָʮҰԣÿԳﲻ֪ҧ˶󶼲ԣֵҿ̫˵ǰЩӣаԳҪϽһͱҧˡ

Σա
̾

˶˵Կ϶ʤһͷҲñ֪Ǵͣ͵ʵʵĲŶԡ
ܵ˼˵˲
飬ôġ

ϵĶԽԽ
֮Ľ¨һӡ
һҲڰӵĹͣ£ɻʵ£

ⶢԼЩָƣۣˡ

Ǳ㽫ʰһأ˳ȥ

ȥϲ¶Щ꣬üëһü¡һСɽ㡣

ߵױǰȡһ
ԥŵӦӦô򿪡

㣬ʵ£ҪȡҲˣӰ

æĽб˻УһЦҵˣðҡ
Դ˸ǷһӣЩˣȥɢɢˡ

ͷҪȥ

æɫøңһߡ
øҡ˵꣬ҲδЬҲδ̧ž̤ȥ

⻳ŽоͳŹһһĻͷ

ǰʮಽ·˽밲
ס˽Ų
԰Ҫ飬Ҳ͸ˣҲûбҪԼȥ
гȥͶĵ
ǰ̫ڲֳ

ǣƼ˲̤Ųһʱ˻ڻеĽеݸһˣȥ͵С

ӵĶЩʲô
һӣװǺӹ˺ӣȥȥͻء

ĲɵĵͷҲٲڴ̨Ϸ˴

ǡɴӾի˳ƼЦ˻ǰʲô

ϥ񣬡¿пգǰͶ

Ϊѣӱͬڸ£ҲôţĲɣÿء

㽫еݸǻΪתװ֮ǵڴȶΪƽ
˵⻰ϥ˳ȥ

ĥţСͷǣű

ÿն֮¡
飬ǵĳʱҪ³뱱ʿԡԳϵ޿ǲ֪λǾ֮𣬲צ顣
ҪǱ²Сˣһ㣬ݱˣûм̳ˣǴҪΪλ֮ҡ
۵ķз
ͬ¾͸ɱбޣҴʿ
ǲͬģΪʢ˼Ӧ˱룬һԴ󷢣ҧ˱¸ô죿

þ̫Ҳڹպ󣬵֪˴¡
̫ºͣ˿Ҳ̲סŭһᵽɤۣЩȥ
̫ҽæٿΪΡ

̫ιȥϢȻҲ

޷г³ٿ
ʱǰӰ
̫ҽḧź룬ͬػ̫ģӿʲ˹ȥֻҪԼϢҩȬ

ͷɵķԸȥǸϽȥҩ
УһֱҪˮ
Ҳȥ
ʱȵǸסĴˡ

˵䣬밲¡
֪޵ˡ

عȥѾǰ

̫ѾƵۣһƼԵޣ̲סʡ
䭶ΪҪˣ
һ£ΪҪΪ

Դ޵ǻԺ̫ٻǰ޵ľ˿Щܣǲڳ֣̫ҽ˶£Ҳ׼뿪
ֻ˻δԶ̫ƶ¡

޷ֻ߻ص£̫֣ɩɩҿġ

£һ˲Ŵǰο̫󣬡һ£Щʲôǰ䭵Ķ֡
밢䭿϶ܽʮͷȫ
Щ˺úÿڴĹϣԶ°ܽ

䭣˵Բԣ

Ӧ͵ù˵û
ĸ󲻱صģ飬Ҳδʧֵʱ̡
ֻҪڹеȺӹǡ

ɩɩúǣ̫ҽ˵ˣҪ

˺׽̫Ȱ˵ŷȥһ£ʱѾƻ衣

һٿ

ȲҪ뿪

ֻһۣ֪ͼŲæùרΪƽ޻

ʱס˽Ųһ۾Ϳĺɰǿ˭˵רΪģ
ΪĸΪɩɩһöǶһˡ

ЦһԹùòϣƽ£

һգӦ˹һҪ԰䭵Ļ˽ȥ
޵۾ЩͷһûбܿϣƽƽĹ
ûƽɩɩжġ

޹ǣϦϣü۶

زùÿɻΪģ





31.  ʮһ   Ҫƽ

ز, ùÿɻΪģ

һ⻰̲סüͷҲԼԼµĹ, Ҫޱ־롣
˿ǰż⣬ڲµľ֮Ķͷ, ¡
ҪϵдʣС, , ڲ, Ѿ, ɿɱĻ档
举, Сš 
Сʱڲʱ, ܻϽͷ, ˵СӼҼҲ˵ĪĻ档
ʱΪĵĳȤ, ͹߳Щ, ǵģΪа

˿˵Щ, ׵꣬Щ׾پ˵ڵĲĻ, һʲô顣
һ֣һ˵Ļͻ棬ج׵ĺ顣

ŭʼ߶߶
˵Ҵ, ҿ汿
㶼ˣô᲻֪ɿ࣬Щɲ˵ڡ

εģȫȻ

⻹˵ţ϶ƽ
񣬾һ㡣
Ұĵţ˵̫ɽʱеһжͻҡ
ҲҲȵ

񲻹ȥԣ˵ȴҪսһ㡣
Ϊʵۣǲ̫СЩ

޺̧֣ḧͷ
Ķᣬľëķ˿ϣͻȻһ޽䱦Ĵ
ǳ˲һ£һÿ춼ߡ
˿̾δط֮⡣


ɫһ٣ԭҪ㿪ȴһƳϵ˺ۡ
˺ѾЩ¡
꣬һΪ޾ʧȥ֣Ҳûа취Ȭ
Ϊԭһ޵ḧͷķ˿
Һã

ǰһ㣬ĵһ̾
ʮ꣬ʮ꣬Ȼһ˴̰֮ٲεϡ䱦
ǰѸ߸ϵΡ
ֳһգ˹ĵ

˭뵽һº֣Ѿƹ

ֶϵ˰̣Ϊ˾µġ

ʮޣȻǱͬ˸Ϊأ˵ȫǸˣδɥ֮ʹ߳ҪŬƽĳá
Ҫų\\ǹƹѾ

ʱҲʮ꣬в֪ȫɭϵĵطҲΪҵսһգĸΪʧȥ˶Ӷ޵ڴò̫ҽǰԸǰȥ̫ҽѰˡ
ֻǳĸסĹδ⹬Ŵ㿴žʧĹĴӴܣ֮ŵɱҿѾ
Ⱦ󣬵ʱԭشסˡ
ܣССһܵÿ죬ܵѾĵѾǰ
ϵ˰̱ΪͽֽѾһµġ

һյĻʹǣȻĻִıˡѾƹִѹаͽסҪϵĵµȵѪ

˶˵ϻǵĹ
Ҳ֪һյ׾ʲô

֪ʱͷͽȻһᣬȴƵĲ¡
˫ۡ
ڵĻش

򴽣еĲڣ֣µҵȻ
䭡
Ҫƽ
ΪҪӦⳡԣ㶼Ҫƽ

ᵲڶ֮⣬ұԺ
˿ֻеǣԸȥЩ׷š

ɫ˲¼ɻɣޣǰ䭣ǲǹװƭң
ǰȥԳԣôͱ˱սٱˣ

üë΢һ˿Ц⣬㱿
˲ף䭣㣡

ɫȻֵΪùãŮĻȫ档

ʱ˭˭˵ҽĻ棿
ί߰ˡ
˲໥õĹϵ
ܳƵһϵƭء
ƭƭ

ֻⳡƭ֣ȴûù޵۾
޽ƭˡ
Ȼõϣ
ɶ

˿Ҳװˣɴĳ˼ұŮǧӱǴزĵط޷ǾͬǴô뱱뽻ðˡ

ΪԼ˵ļе
ȴЦһùΪһŮô뱱뽻ã

Ϳ˿ǡûж飬ǰˣҲΪáǲԶ磬ȴٻйú³
Ů֮һǴġ

޵ζԣڹùȲżεıŮ
ԹùòŻ᲻޵Ըǿд
ڹù޵þ뱱ȡ棿

ʱҵͷת򣬺֪Ȼشһ

ԶԶغѣ£ѾڳȺǰȥһ¡

һò֪أϽ뿪ϲߣϽȥĪõȡ

޺ѣùã޽ղž㳤ˣ޷ǽˡ
⻰ԴɫˣЩȥϢ

ˮӣ˿̾ͬϵͣҲûжתͳȥʱӰʧǰ

ⲻԵվԭأĥµĻ
Ծʲôʱֶӷǽˣ
⻰ʲô˼
ߵԣǳǳԴ𣿡
Ҳڸ顣

ֻͷȴҲ˵µĻֻõȥ֮¸෢

ȻŹ⻹ĥ
ǴֶӴ鲻ϽɢͻΪŵ竡
ùõûϿԡ
ŲͻȻͿء
*
պܿ͹ȥ
ԳڳУǰһǰ
̫վڳ¥Ŀȥ

һƬңңĿϣֻ˵ͷ
ĺŽ
ȥ
ֶ̫Ƭ̣ˣ̫סĿԣƲžѣæ̫󣬵ɩɩҲعɡ
գ䭾ͻˡ

̫ʲǰǿžɫ㿴ǡ
˿뿪ֻʣɩԺ̫ŵɫи¶˵ǡ

̫֣Цգ±껹Ѱ
̫ҲǾ˵ˡ
ĸ֣ķǰҲսЩսӣûо
ĶֻǰȥԣɱޣǵѾļ䡣
ĶǻʵۣҲѾҪٸɾһλĵȴǵߵССͯ

ƶɩɩһ𰾡

̫޸пҺĸסҲ֪ɽ£Ȼõˡ
ң̫Ҳġ

еǰֹס룬Ҳ֪䭴˿̵˺εأ

Ϊеĵǡ
⵱ҹ˯źйʮ꣬Ρ

Ѿ˼ĹЦᵶסǰܣǰܡ̫Сˣֲֻܿקסǰ
ϧҲ֧Ųסˤڵأǰһƣ£ܡ
ܱ߻ͷҪȥֻ֣ҡͷϽܡ
Ѿ󣬺ȫܵĺܿ죬ʮٶǰš
ֻһСȵֽýѾƺʧĴӴܵȤһܵ˾ƣߵʱΧ
ǽǣŵĵǹǿ˵Ի

˳ϮҪƿѣݺݵҧһڴ˵ֲţ˾ͱҧѪ죬ŭᵶҪɱ
һ̣׼ġ
֣ǰգΪһӣϥǶĸǰҪ塣
գѾĵҪʱȴ˿ʹ

ֱ䭴׷ͬѾս䭽Ҫϵĵ

Ű˺ϵĲʲݹסϵ˿ڣֽСĴӵϱһһĺùãûˣ¡
Ҫ˵һ㶼ˣһſڣ˵˻ֻί§ס䭵Ĳӿ˰½
ùñ£¡

гһ
ɹĻصĸߣѾδȫ
䭴˳ȥȴס䭵½ǣһȥҲܻ
޷ֻð˳ο㰲ţһ̫ɽʱҾͻ

˵ʲô
ҳˣҪΪ䭷ǽѣ䭣

˯еȻ
ԭ仰ȻԼ˵ġ
*
ʼԳڶʮǰǻɽҰ룬ʱд棬ǵ޳֣˲
һ꣬˰ѵһĺ֣ɽ֮еʳ֮٣ɽϵɽͷҲųԵģǷ׷״ɽյļˡ
ʱƵ
ʥ۱㽫˴ȦΧȥطңԴžǰȥɱޡ
֪˶ڽȫɱ⣬һհ
͸ɴ౻ȦΪ˻ʼԳ
˷ʮֻޱǱȦ˴˴Ϣգڱó
˷Աԣýʮͷȫɱܽ

˶
Ҳ⡣
ࡣ 
ŲһȤ
ڣʱس⿴һûҪ
ƼģȴĽýˡ
Ҳ֪ľÿճᡢ¡º󣬻ʱȥ䡣

ͷһ¶
˵˷ԣ˼ա
٣ɣɸۻճȴࡣ
ûȢޣ󹬿ãЩճܹܴš
ճǰȴѶȥŹ
СɢɢжգŻǸԣܹ
ͷ̲סģȥ½ӹ˶ƺ˲֪ҪʱĿ

ͷۡ

ȵʱ֮ǰԵĶǵԳ
ԳΧİȫص㣬Ѿ֧Ϣ
ȻסģǶڡ

װֻóػ£й춯

ֽʿӰʱǰǸյ˵з˾ţ˵ء
ɫ£¶̲סЩŭ
˽թڴȴϲֽš
޲ŸյȿǵҪˣʲôϷ޴˻ףװײɫɰСȡ£˻С

ĬĬؾջ˴ȥӵ֡
֣Ƕһ١

*
⿴ϰڷŵһߵ˲ڷŵĽƣɵüһ˲
ǹ˲ͶƣŹеĶһӦڹܡŹ˲
֣ôҲŹ֡

ЩΪѣʵʵ˵ǰģе˲ڿơ
˵̱ǰԳ⼸չ˴ֲܾ̫˼ңֻæ
ȻǺû˵һ

ͷ۵ķһҳ˲ָۡ
Ǹ¡̲ס

ƽ⣬£⼸һˣҲ¡

ҵɫ˼䣬пʲ£Ҳ˵ѵˣиˣ񲻾ǰ䭵˼
ͼգҹžˡ

֪ε׶ֵǮ
⿴˲ͷۻ

ʱʱؾҪ

ʱ۵ֻ˯
ȴǰͨ£Ůڹ˵ҪҪ

һ⻰˾ʲôҪ£˵
ʹտɶŰǰȥԳ
⵹ͦɵġ
һ
ǰӣӦϾʹŮ

£Ҫ¬ʡ

Ƭ֮ⷽſ˿ڣżɫĪٵȵȣϰʱ





32.  ʮ   ҹ

һ, ð¬ȥŮ
װĪʵڲС
ŮΪζǾűŮʱ䲻ԣȴҲ̫֪ԷΪζ

Ůӭƽ͵, зŴ󶯣ʮ졣

һ߽Уϵ⳯һЦ

ŮмҪұ, Ǻ£

濴Цݣо˷֮, λ֮еС, Ϊεʮߵ, ԡ
ҪλСİæ, ⴦͸Ƕ˲Ĺ

ܿ, Լɫ¶, еǣǰ˵Ըﰢһæ, ɻ

ⱻѣǰ֮, Щ, Ȼ, ˵ȥĻûзڵء
ŮкҪæģܿڡӦй, ڡ

ǰһ¶Щյļ㣬£һ潫Զŵµľ֮

һ, Ůǣ
һֲõԤС

ֻԼͱڣֻһԣʧܣҲˤ÷ǣٲ
еӲȥ
еˣƫƫҪŬıסԼ

ֳɿʹ֮ףҪжֽŵһ˲䡣
ʣһ㣬ҪҪȥ 

¶˾ģԴڳʱ¿ҪԲμԺ󡣡
ɿ㿪ʼıҪ֮Уıȡʱµ
û뵽ɿȻ˴󵨣֮ı
ɾ̱ңΪγɿͻȻԣ
ǲҪˣΪҪı

룬Ҳزȥˡ
ڴһ

ɫ䣬ȵڵϣˤ飬롣

ֵǵǰȥֹлᣡ

*
ɽƧš
ϲ֮ˣضò
ɽ֮У޴ؾӣСҰ֮ûУʵڲͬѰ

һԣԲμӣԳǲ١
ƻʱ֣յϾ𣬸ɿݵľһӽž죬衣

ɽˮĹӹϣգֵ罫˷ڻ˿ֱԼѾҪѬͨˡ
ȴ̲סеĻžУ˴ֱϵļƤ
̫}ЩôȵǸܵ⡣
Ѳܳˣ
ϡǵöǰ

ǱµӪʣΧͷסҲǴ˷ǰĹԱͽʿ
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33.  ʮ   ˫һ

ʮٳ, Ǽ֡
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žһʮ, ʮСѾͷͬûʲô, 

ɤ, һĶͷȺСһ, Լȥˡ
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˵Ҫȥ, ֻǲ밧һƬɥ֣ĸ, ҪǲͬһǷ˴ܸˡ

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պһҪһְĳȺСһÿ춼ֻʵΣٲ̰档


ʱߵԺľסڡ

ĳϱԺȺ򣬼ӭǰùá
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ǰ
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34.  ʮ   ò

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ǰĳ֮ӣδȥȻţҲ֪˽µ˶ٱ˵ɿҶԱ¶֡

Ŵأиֹǵ뿪һʱ֮Ļ̡̻

ڹͷϢͷĸһЩ

һһʱֶӰΣһʱΪ֮ӻţ𾪲ѡ
Ϊǳն֮У˶Ѿˡ
û뵽˻š

޻عϢ붼ֱȥ˳
ڣ¡

ھիǰ³ϣǰеĿʢĻûаȤ
һӵȡ
⼸նûô˯á
ĵڳ¸ļ˻˯⣬еǣƤȴʹһֱµ
˫ֳ°ͣСװ㿪ʼ˯

ԼիԺһƼڴ˯ģŮ
㣬˴ǵ顣
ò˵ھ⼸ԳĻͷӡ
һƼλСڣӯ֮С
ĥǲǸǰطϢ
ȴ߹ɫ۱ߴǰһζæ¡

Ӧһȴͣȥ
Ů˫ֿҪŲסһʱ̧סŮĲ





35.  ʮ   ͬһɹ̫ɺã

һ, ڷɣɵԴһеĽ

ֻϧָ֣մƵıԵ, ׹
һɲǱѹԼ϶һֻ֣סҪµĶ

, ǰüһÿһط޷Ŵܿһ˫ڰ׷, һ۽, ͦı, ǳĴ, 򢡣
ǳĴṴһЦ, ǿˣЦǷĵϲá

Щ, ֻػһ䣬, ˡ

Цһ, ù, ޻ˡ

⻹δӦǰ˺ø, Цùڴ˵޵ȵ˯, ˼У

⣺
õģˡ

͵ؽ˸ƿ

ֻϧΪԼţܽƵԶȴֻǰվֱ
ɶСһԷ, ô־ֶû˶Ʋ԰ôִָһǽƶƲ

ַɿȥΧ˵ķӦ
ŵͷĿƣԶԸ顣
˾͸˵ˣ˭ҲûǶ˿
һ
Ҳ֪ԼΪλ顣

ڰϣͷԲۿޣȴɫ̹ȻĴĿǸ÷ŵľٶкβס
һʱ䣬̹ȻҡԼŵľٶǲЩͷ
ʵǴɡ
Ǿ仰ǴֶӱԹùղĺѡ

ɡ֣Ȼɹ̫̫ɹſǹ̵ģסϮҲ֪ǰ˵ܵ´˯

һԼ

޲ÿɷ񣬵

ֻǰΣû

޺һתƳڰϵˣϥǣӲһ
ʱ˲źЦȴҪװʲôûùΪβ

̧ͷĵĿԶ䭣㿴̫ð
ͷůġ
Ǿɹɹ̫𣿡
̫֮·״ͣĶɲˣһһ㡣һκͨ߻䣬ĵĻ˿ûп֮

Ѿǰһ⻰æ£ͷѽű裬찡ɹ̫ĶǱ¶
Ҳ˵гǰƼ棬Ҳ߯Щǹָô죿

ȴһ䣬ȥࡣ
£ȴΪȳҪϥɴһֻŲ̨ϣ˼̬֮
ٻй飬˿̲˶

ŽԸĵЩֻǸһϵ֮ӿϣ̲סüͷ
ãǲС˯һʱƬ̣Ⱦͱѹվ
ҿǣһû˿ѹԼ˫ȡ
ҪȻ԰䭲úݺݳЦһء

͵ޣ⣬ʱģ򴽣ʳ˱ͷһյ⣬h֮ӵ滹ţ
ЩССƹ֮¡
һʮֲù¡
¶Ҵֶ˵һجΣҹҹҲﲻĥ
ЩҲûڴֶǰ¡
𣬷ǸֶǶµĻɬ
ļģѵӰ𽥵Ŀʼ

Ϊ̫ۣ΢΢ۣԻعһ£˴˿һֻĴèɹ̫˵ĻҲż⣬ܹü١

ץȹ֣ͽȻսȹɴץ壬ģˡ
ͷҲͣؿʼŴŵĺ飬ͬɿҪ㣿

šĲɵӦһ

ſڣȴֲ֪˵Щʲô
˵֮Ϊ˱ն֮ݷ
ʡ
˶ðֶβ̣Դһ˿Ѫ֮飬Թǲ֪Ϲԡ
ǳƹҪɱ˲ʮİ䭣ȡλ
ʱûʹﵽѪ
ﲻ£һϣҹҹجΣС
ԷΪĺ¶ο
أ
ʱʲôҲûһ仰û˵

ⲻһ˿Ӧü˵Ļ⡣

򴽣Щ΢ķոúתƻ⡣

һ£ɵѡһԳ÷ƿ͸ֵٳֿɸˣһնͬǶ÷ƿ˵˵ţôЩ΢

ƳһֻۣԤһ֡Ҳһͬ͡
ùãǶԻƿǰֵǧû͸κˡ

Цʱͽǣ䭣ҪôС飬ȻҪͶá

һ÷ƿָҪ˵Բԡ
ǧֻһЦĺ

ʲôüͷǹùΪÿ޵񣬶һ֣

˼̾ͱǿÿ궼дĳش޼֮
ѵͲֵǧˣûһ÷ƿ

Цһ

ⲻͱյ׼ˡ
ûһ仰ߴͲɴǡ
ʲôӦø߸š

޲ΪȻĴ࣬ߴµģӦ֮õֽ

̫òԸƼǰ롣
Ƽһ߽ԺУڷɹ̫Ҳ֪˵ʲôǰЦͷȣɾͲˡ

ֱ˫Ѿܹ磬æվ󣬺ԥӸԼȷ磬һͬƼ˵ĺǣȵ죬һǻźˡ˿һӣˡ

䭣һȥ

ƼĿԶȥֳ޵һǵÿգȥٿһˣ

իղ֪ʱֱ³ţֻȥĸ밲
̧Ž˷С

*
޵ٿʱ̫˵Ц
֮ͨЦͣ¡

õУ̫˵Цĸ˱밲¡

ض񡣡΢΢ס
ŸջعһӦ黹δͬ㱨
ˣ빬ͬĸ˵ЦҲ̫Щ

ֻǣͬĸۣȻ໰Ҫ߶š

̫Ҳ֪Ϊ˵Ÿ˻ǼŶŻϲɩĻҼסˣȹʹ빬ðϸơ

׽˹ؼۣ΢΢üͷ
ֻһģڴʱͻȻʣ뿪̫Žе˼ղȴҲﲻĶϡ
һۣ࣬ŷտҪЩ

ЩΣⲻ뿪գô࣬ҲûпھܾӦһһ𣬡ôʱ빬

̫һ⻰۽Цֹסм¡
нϣ⼸Ҳ뾩СλõܴԪ⼸ձ˳

һּƽϡ

̫δ𣬡ɻǵ

Ϊѡһ˹ֻϧʱ̫Сĸױ㰮֣ûѡУͻ˴ѧ飬ļãֻϧǰ޼̫үţТ꣬ǵ˽Ŀƾ١̫Ϊϧ޼СμӿƾٵУⳤλõǸЩ

ĸΪù࿴ӣʵ

̫ͷ仹δŴԪͷѾ˲ӡ󣬡һŵڣƷأŷĺܣжм֮´

޼Сʮˣƶ൱࿴һ

䭶˼أ̫ʡ

һЦҪù࿴һء
̫ˣ

࿴
ۣϡλԪССΪλếޣҪؼҵԵʡ
Ҫúù࿴࿴λѡ





36.  ʮ   㣨ϣ

Դӳɿд̳ʧ, ʹԱϼӿܡŮҲûкö٣Ů˵һη, գ䲻Ͷ˶̣ȴ̵Ĳҽ̻̲

Ůսľҹδ˯, ˫۰ͨ죬˶㲲, ذŰ, ֪δ

˫Ϣ, մ˳, ֮Ҳڸǡ

һҽ̵ĵط, Ůһϵľ֮·ͨǶ˽ļ, ϡ
¡
۾סŮ, ˫ѾЩɺԣʧȥԭĺ, ɳ֮⡣

ǰ, 뵽Լôһû, Ϊɿд̳ʣΡ
, ѾղԼˡ

Ůɫ壬һ̵ĻǶˣһ˿, 𣿡
ЦʲôЦһ㡣
ɵӣôΪǶ飿ĸ״˿̻δõɿд̳ʵϢŮ˶ͷңڡٹգϢУ˵ԭ¡пֱӽƳ򣬷\\飬첻׵
ĺøףôܻ

ЦЦţȻЦᡣ
ʱҲҫ۵飬Ҫͷϡ䱦͵ǰѡ񣬶ٱĺжͷ­Ҫ
ǣֻ͸ʵһ
ֻϧҪʧˡ
ʸö࿴һۡ

ֻʣһٲܹҵı֮⡣

׵ʿߵηǰη˳ص

Ůץס֣ӡʿǰĪǾҪǶǰȥ̣
ֵǶ
ǸͲ֪ɿͷд̳ʵĴ㣬ǶΪҪΪɿĥ
Ů벻ס
ֻ֪ǾҪˡ

ʿޱ飬ȴûǰֻվǰӸµǶˣŮּ⣬Ϊ飬лر𹬡

涶۽µ˫ۺŷһ˿תȴΪ
ʱȥλСҲͶ·£ûбķӡ

ʿþòüͷŮ롣

һ˲Լе˼򶨵˳ֻץסŮ֣վֱͦʿлл㡣
Ů໥ţһһ뿪յĻ谵η

רǻر𹬵һ·ϣŮһǣڲ˼飬ӣǵþˡ

ĬŶųᶥ񣬽ǵþˣηȥ
ǰиʹͷ
񣬱ʹԳ˽д̳һѹ£ֻύûл͵ˡ
ڴҲǱŮ
ⱱŮܻص롣

Ů֪ڵʲôǶ˲̣ҲԴϲ֮СҪͬ˵Щʲôȴϲϲ⡣

ʵӣʲô

֪Ů룬ֻûʲô

ص˱𹬣һǰŮ롣
洹ͷﲻס²˿̻˭Ҫ

нʵ˲ࡣ
һͣ˽ŲŲԶˮϱԶ˹񣬡£Ů

̧֣㹪һԡ
㿴˻ת䵭üۣĿ޳ȫȻûС˲ǳ˭?

û뵽ʵһȻĳ
洹񣬡лʱ¿ˡΣ˿ҲҪлʲδɿǨŭ

һʼδˡ㡣
Ҫлȥл޵ĹùãҪס
޸ֶк
޷Ź㣬Ըף

һȴ̻صף涨л
û뵽ץסľݣı
ҳֻΪˣԸ

𹬼ȻֻΪס֮ǳ϶б顣
˼һأҧҧڣ֪кܰϳʱµģ涨ǡǴϿͣҪ֤ԼǶԳõġ
յеֻ̬ԸԼôˡ

ֻȻʣ˵Ļڻ𣿡
һɿ͸ҵΪڴĵؽд

֣߬ŰһأҸѲͬ·ˡ
ȴûеõش
΢΢̧ۣԶԶ
˫ۣīһ˫ǽеܶ̽һ

ɿ֮Ӻıһ£㵱治֪

ֻԼֽſʼ𽥱ñ

*
£Ǒɲõ롣жһðı룬ΪεĿǰˡ

Լ϶Բˣѡֻǲ޿ϧһԸ˰飬Ƽ㻹ǿˡ
ȵĲУĴŶԸȥ
ֵСˣԸ˲ڴ̫´š

ǑûܽҲû˷ѣֻԸȥСŮǷַ֡

¬߽ͷ󺹵£Ů񱻷Żرˣŵ˵ûʲô̷

һͺáͬŮ֮ĿǷһʹˡ

ºαر˿ǲһǱµʮֲ⣬޷޲ƽ
˺ôĵӣȻд̱¡

Ǹ޴Ĺңͨ籨ţԸһءӲͣظԼŷ硣
Ȼ䭵ΣвҪġ
ҲĿűŮɿ۶̡
ǸͬһĹңԶ˼ǧǴ֮ҲͰˣҪѾĻֺóʣȻҲʧˡ
ŮٻΪԼôȴȡ

йǰ룬£̫ȥһ

ȵŹĴŶ̤ȥɩɩô
ⲻ棬Ϊ˺£
ֵҲֻ֪˵ٿ̫ͬ˵
ƻд޼СɾС

ȵһ١
ˣɩ빬һˣΪѡ
޼СɾԪǰһء
ֻʱͷҴֶİΣϾ˼
ռ¿ȥλ޼СɾҲ޷

һ뵽ˣѣһֽɡٿȥ

̫ǰΪнˣͷ㲻ס⡣
λ޼Сɾǲ

ڵĸ˼ңֹԪˡ
˴Ԫ˶Цӯӯ˵Ż

ͷͨˡ

̫༸˽
Ԫִٲվߣ۾δ̧һ£ֻƳһɫɴȹߴǰӯ

ɩɩЦе̫ͬй񣬱񣬡ɩ
ּվŵ긾ˣλǣ

긾ǰһϼ¡
ʱףλǴԪĸףˣһѣ˲ض񡣡

̫Цǳǳ£޼СɣѾˣ

ԪһᵽԼǰһӴԪ¡

ϻϴ˱֣ԪС飬ǵء
һⲻЩΣؾ񣬶Լݡ

ƶɻǵãʱҲ̫ԽǶˣԽǽͯŮúܡ

ʱãȻĻ롣
ʱȻԪôһӡûС

ʱҲҲءȤ
꣬Ԫ빬ѡ
ֻԵڹУͬ顣

һ˵Щģӡ
ŴԪӣϸĻꡣ
Ȼֻλͽѡȴʮλ
ʱ꣬ÿҪ飬֡
ѡʱҲȥ֡

ʲôǰһ
ˣǲǾͬһȥʯӣ
ʱʵסӣ̫ѧʣҪȥǵͬȥʱи˫ԲԲҲԲԲСͯͱȥʯӣ׽ϡ
ϸԪеǸСͯʵǺ
ǵõʱ񻹳ʲô£Сͯһȴ벻𵽵Ϊλޡ

£Ԫۿɼ˿ʼ죬ͯ˵߳ܵģȴǺܳʵĻش𣺡ǳӡ
УһʱǸǻֵЦ

ɼЩԵֵġ̫Ц

ءҲͬЦŸ͡

̫Ҫ˶ദȥ԰ߡ
ȥõ⴫ͨµˡ

ƤͻȻʼ
ôЩǰҴֶЩʲô
Ҳ˵λ޼СɿɩټģƷвѧضʵѧü١

¡
밲

õͷʹ˹ģֻĵԲ˫۶ޣͼ¡

ֻŴǳǳһЦ𣬱һԶ

һȥԪ
ȴԪֶ󣬺һֱˣһ·

⸡һС˼ʱЪȥ

Դ󣬵еղǰɡ
ζ˵






37.  ʮ   ѣУ

˶֪, ԴǰЩӣΪ̫ȹնŹ, ˭Ҳ

˭˶֪ΪͻȻˣֻǲļء

СҲ֪¶ˡ
ϲԼµ, ̾˽Ϊҵ², ֪˶빬, ̽, Ա¾ˡ
̫ͱµ̽Ӷ֮⡣
㲻ϵĲ
ǵµ˲

Ȱ, ܼһЩ֮, Ҳõõһֿ˼ǲ׼Ź׽ľ, ӣҲδӦ׼

߷ʥǰ̽ǰ̫ҽ, תص
鲼ܴ, ϻŲĴָĻ
ֻҵ, Ĳɵ̧ḧЩСҲֶζ, ·˵ͻ֮еꡣ

ԴȵĹˣǰȥִ, ΢֮磬£̫ҽѾӴˡѾǵʮǰȥҵҲѡˡʮա

šδ, ֻӦ

ҲģֻȰο
¾ڹУǷƲŻ岻ʡ
ߣ
ǰգֻ빬Ҷϱ˸Ů⼸Ϸء
˵ǲҲȥ֡
ӻ׼˺ЩǳѣҪҪƣ

кֲǱˣʱһֱι̴֣⣬ڹͷλ磬ǸľǫģӲݶ̫̫󶼶һ־⡣

ǰؼϵģ̴⣬⿴ԼĺȴǴСϼңʮĸ
ˣǲᣬȴΪ˼Уѡ˹žۣꡣ

˵ǳĸֳɩɩ⣬׽ĳ
ǰֳ꣬ʱĿһ

ʵ޷ˣŸ˴ԣΪⲡضдһţȰȰ⡣
ֵҲܿ죬ֵϼ͵Ҳֻա

Ȼϵˣһ룬˲һɫ

תȴȱȱֻǷԸֵСŮǸ˵ģ׼һݺȥ
Ķȥ
ֻҪŹȥ˽
ͿԲȥķ׷š
ɢϲ鷳¡
վ鷳ıԵвУٲ
ֻҪȥ̽㣬Ͳ鷳
ܱܹһգһա

ǲˣ̽£룬ҪȥּסЩӣҲվ˱̫ͬǰ̽úá
ҵسƲŲԼͬλйء

أ޼Сɾ̫࿴
޼СɾλǰսսһԲ
ʱλ죬˵պٲڵǼλġ
һ޼СɾˣȻҲЪ࿴˼Ҳա

µ£һʼͲ˳һֱڡ
볤λѲ˸ϵġ

ͷ˹⡣
԰նҪŹһأ䭾Զĳһӱܿȥ鷳꣬˼

ȥøԶЩܺһʿ

յĵͳήʱɢȥСǺ飬ȴҲڲסµļ飬ʰͳ

ҪߣŹ˸æʰģæʰæȥϢģϢ˳ŷ㴫ȥ˳

ͷĥһô֮뿪ȥɡ
תߵţ߽իлػ£ʱ󣬾ͻǰּͣ˼ҪȥסЩӡ
СڳƲлôӣһϢȴȲҪ빬Ҳ֪Щʲô
˼⣬࿴޼Сɾһͷұ¿ɰû֡Сôͻ˶Ա¶ŭأ
ɼұ黹
һŭһϲʵ²͸

΢΢̧ۣ˼ƽϣֻȻȥȥ
СùãʵǸĹ
ȴʱͿҪ

ȴڣѲ֮ټһ£Ϣ

æδϢھΣˮ·ҹ̣ҲԶľ롣

֮ھһΣ뾩ԺǱؾ֮ء
ŵεĹϵռؼ㣬٣ҪѰټҪЩӡ
֮Ҳֻпܻ١

šӦһġ
ʼĥұ˼ĪҲҪȥһˣ

*
ŹʰȻ졣

⿪³ָʰװסĵţѣϡ 
ʱͷѾȫѸ
ͣʰš
ʼĥ˶¡
ԽԽ࣬Ǻ޲ýŹװߣ̲סֹ£˷Ȼ΢УƵβǵȱʲôѰҵĹȥµѡѣɲȤ

Ъ˼һԼʰĴֻεǾʰЩ

ʰװҲѾ¡
ûǰٿ̫УֻùǰȥΪͨ
Ƕ˵һ˼ûУȲ
ϸƬ̣׻ǷԸŹĹǰȥͨһȥͬͨ´˿̾Ҫǰ

ڣԸĻȫ˶
Ĭ˰Σ󷽲ŲùãȥĶҪˣͬ԰֮䣬ɲҪõ԰䭵Ӧ׼ܳȥ

ֻЦЦƿ˱ɴʣͷܹˬͨһЩ
ֶǺܸˣ
ֿ϶ʰլԺǰȥء

͸ʣźǽ߲ͣơǰһңԶط磬ˬ
յ飬֪չ¶˶ղЦա

˹򳤽ֹ߹ˮţ߹ͣ˾š
ϲϲʣԽԽԶĳſȥ
Ƽ¥֮ϣһϤӰ 
˸Ҳš

ſڴϣ΢΢Щ
ò׵ԴϢһڵɣ˿ȴʧ

Щʱѹµԭװķ

䭡
䭰

*

ʹͣ£´ܣװϷһдĹңΪλͷñƲòȴȹӣʵף֪ñ֮¶һ׵ա
̵ӣһ֪Ҳס

һűǸĿʹͣͷۣȴ˾ռߣһ۱㲻ٹע

Ҳ˴˼
Ҵ򾩶ĿʹˣһС
ˮ·뾩ȫȻͬķ羰ҲҪΪˬһЩ

ͷֵĺܣϿʹͷϻɡյӰҲﲻ

ͽԻѰѣްƷͱʶز룬ڿԻڴ˵عϼˡ





38.  ʮ   Ը£

˶֪, Ϸ̴˵³ǰ빬ʱֱھ, ˶ҪһϷĴСԱҲҿͿ

ֻλϷ, ǸӲųݣ, Ϊ˺, µ͵, ڹн֮, , ͷĸǣǺԸ֮ġ

յǳһ, ɫսʱ, ͳͷϷΣס̽ͷȥƺϿĿʹʱͻȥͷһۡ

, ƼһϤӰ
ʱӯ, ǰȥ

ڿʣûͷ, ʲô˶УʲôҲС

ǰ, ʶģҲûš

̴֣ǸñҲ֪˿̶ں, Ҳߴ٣ֻվԭȡ

һƼ񣬡֣

ǰһͬỽ¡

ۿķסмӿͷֲض΢ֻͬСʱˡ

ֽס֣ȴЦ񳤴ˣýġ

ǳƹˡ룬Ų
ǰֳʱԭ˵Ҫ빬һз̫£һͶ빬
գǸ󣬶˵һμ档

סů֣ŵʱɻ

ﳤ˲٣ôҲ֣ࣿס۵
ﵽͷҲ˵֪֮ˣͣ̽ͷֱȼȥ·;ңԶﶨƣ

ͷֲֵֻš
æǰһͬ
ԶҲֻּͬһأæʰ׼ǰҡ
⳯ǰȥڲԶִٵ
ƼֵӣʡСʱײЩӣᱳ͵͵һΣ̲סΪλޣѵǹͷ˸۸
ֻ§ͬ˵ֻԶڼСӡ
ֵĶֻꡣ
ֳԸĶȴûչ˵ġ

ʱ˿ֵ̣ܲض񡣡
Цסֵ֣Ǽȥ

լߵİУһĴԺӡ

Դǰլ¾ѾʰɨɾÿնˮլӿһȾð迴ȥҲؾ

ͷһµˣһ类űȥһ·ϵǺ徻

Ժ

ֱǰ밲

ֻһӣɷս˿ǰ밲ȴࡣ

һۣƼλ˼ңλСĹңмλ˼ҡ

Цͬ˭˭ЩݣЩϼҵھӣͶңµġ

һͨ밲ֱǰרΪʰլԺ
־ھӼҵլԺཻĵطͨһԺţͨģȴָճɡ

ǾĲùֻǾЩźһӦãǱȲϹС

ںϣһŴЦҪأ
ͺܺá

ּǰ֪࣬Щʱ飬ۣ³ˣҲĳȣǸˡ

ԭͱһӻھʱߣֲ۸ĸ־ĸԶ˾Щȴûһھ
ϥϣͬСʱƤʱǰ㣬ֻǶȴҪѰһʱƬ̿ɱӷĵط
ü֮ŵ֮⣬Сʱҳųֿɻǵã

˳ͷԱŴȰЦ⣬βǵã»˵Щ־ܼȥչԼĺˡ
ֻǵ߰ʱοű˼Ӷ˵Ļ
̴ĺӣһŮ۰ģӵĻء
֪з£˵Ҳֻ֪˵𣬡ͣǸ˺ӣŮڣҪݻ񣬷̻ŻƣͷֵĺܣµʱҲһɢɢ顣
أһãĲȻȻɢࡣ

һ˵Ƭ̼ҳֱȥ׼š
⻻˳ڷϢҲѾ˰׵˿̶˲뷿Щϲģ

סʶ˼ڡ
լգ˵£ָּյõСŮű֣СŮýùãѡĳֽľһأŮգϲϲĻѣֻ˳ȥ䣬һŮʢ

δԺ䣬һѾװǼƣҪˡ
šüͷô˸ҡʶҪôС

˷ǳţزķԸɫ££⼸ճź˹١
˼ø١
д˵֮ˣݲ򵥡
˵һδ֤ʵ֮´Ӳڣ˿Щɴǳ֮Щϵû֤ʵ֮ǰҲ
ְδץסˡ
ҪȥְұİΣ

һ㶣˸٣
ʶĵѲǰ䭣
æ뷨ȥԺں˼Щʲôܹ뾩

ǣձְܽץסϧˡŻص
ڱְδ׽סǰҪţְȱС

򴽣ǴӦˣԶԶţ̫ƼĸҳҪôģ
һ˵ξĹԼţɼǼȫġ

ԣʮСһ¾ʹڸˣһˣֻûһ𳤣߻գ˿淢ʣǾֻ·ǾˬŮҲֻС

⻰ⶺˣԼǸɢ֮ˣƫ߻һɢİ飬ͯƫ顣
һˮһˡ
ǴعﲩÿطȫͬҲʵ
ú飬㲻㳣ʶ㶼ס
һͷ˹

Ϲ˵ôңĿɲȰ䭲ԭҪԼȴ޵ѿڶ
ԭǻϲϲˣ˿̲⽩ס

װæ˵ĶԣиЩȥˣӾͼලú飬պֶʶ꣬˹档

˿ɫ磬ĴС䲻Ⱦ㣬ǽգȴΪ֣ܼһ͵ĹԼųΣͷϵ㻨䣬Ѭ㣬Ҳǻ㡣

ĴҲɼ

򻨿˻޵ɡ
򻨿򻨿

ǽ

ʣҲȥ򻨴ˡ
Ĳֹ·ϵϱҲš
ǣÿͷŮӣһֲͬӦǾ˱Ȼ
ۼһƼԾԾҪ򻨵ӣС¨ߵǰеԼĻһƹײĵ
С¨ʢһ֧ʢĵĵڱʵѻλһֻĺգܽĵ˺á
ԵĻĵ

˻پĵ̫ڷ֮ϣ˽޵ĵʶ֮
ĵĲȡڷϣһʱ֮Ǿޡ
ӲȥοҲδĿ⡣ֻǴ˿һʱ˼꣬Ҳϡ

˺ü۸͸Ϊ飬ضӹٵɾ
ҲЦӯӯϲлǾͶлӵףԸ

һ·ߣˮϣй￪ʼŻƣһյյͷС򣬱ˮУ㣬Ǻÿ

ӱ𽥿ʼ˶ԭԶԶظţ˿ȴ˿Щ
й񣬴˿ǲȺ֮ΣգǺںӱַŻƵȥ

ɣȴǷԸȥɢȺ֮гȥѱʱ֮衣

ȫעĽƷУڲ໤ȥҪСҪЩ

ɹƷˮк⻶һ

̻֮ŷз
˶ͷѤ̻ʱ

Ⱥӿţ֪δɧȴΪ˿̵ֶûӡ

峺֮УӳҹѤõ̻
ֻԸû鷳¶

ģʱ鷳¶

֪˭һĽ¡

ȺӶˤڵأ˸ǻңɧܿӵԡ
ŴŲ£סɧȺ⣬Ź뿪˵ء

䶯ͻȻ⻹δӦֻü֣ǿɱɢˡ
䣬㾪Ϯһ⧲䣬͵һյɿֻüʧһ䣬£
ǰһڣʧȥʶ





39.  ʮ   䭣ôһ

Ⱥӵ, ͸ˣ԰Ŵ²öЩ
˿Ҳʮӣ̻ŷʱľұը, ȺﾪʧĴС֮оһ¡Ŀһ, ĿæȺڿȥ
ٲǸ棬Ըȥ, ׷
ٲ, Ǵȥ
ǵһ, ֻƳ, Ⱥ, æ׷ϣȴٲټ
Ǵǰȥ׷, ǰȥȺнȴ

ֲסĲţ׽ͬ鼸Ⱥ, һص˿ҲʧȥԳֵ侲, ٵͬ˵, µǼ֮ˣϸһ, ǵЩԣһͶ˵, ŷŵƹ谵Ⱥڶ֡
Ǳ֪ݣĲ°ߵ¡ѣǧ, ȴԸǰЩ˾衣
ʹץĶԼ侲ٷԸȥһ˻ȥ֣һùȥٸرճţزӳǡ

ԼҲûţ˸Ͻȥҡ
*
΢΢üڴӳ֮ѣ̲ס˻ҪȥԼ۵Ĳȴִ˿̵Լ㵹ڼϡ
ʲôںӱ߷˻ƣ̻ȺзɧҪ뿪Ⱥﲻ֪ǺͻȻ§סһʧɢһ۾Ͳʡ¡

ֽæҵſң֪˭
ôЩû˸ҳ֣ˣһ鲼ȹŮӣ˿̼סݺݵؽһץʹ̲סۿһҪᣬֵסڣҪ˵ھɱ㣡ȴǵͳӵ
Ϊºݻ£ҶٵĴǰȥ
ֻǲ뵽Ǹв˾ͺµӡ
֪ԸñĸԶðŵȸѰӰ

һĵĺȫ
֪ܴ̼ˣ˿̻ۣЩˤͷĻᶼûУĴַİͷϵķ˻е׼˵ĺȥ

⧲ĳۣһص˵طʹź󾱡
״æܣȴһˤڵء
ٲȻǱŭҪܣһ϶æ
ȻøǽӦ֮СѾͷܰ㣬Ҳ̫Щ
ͼӰӸǽ

ĵһź󾱣һִǽʰľĻ׷
ֻˤڵص⣬ѾǽԶ˾롣

ˣ߲Զġ϶ɭɭЦŸϣǿȴָӲӰȤˡ
Ǳ׽ס֮ǰһȤʱ

֧һ߷ǽߣһǽ÷ºۼ
ʱڣֻ뵽ǽҹӲҲҪ¼Ǻţҵ
ܹԽԽĽԽԽۣҲûа취֧ǰʱһıתȥڵϣֱѵǰļӣŬĳԼǰˣ֪˭͸°ңǲµԴ𣿡

۾е̵˺һЦǵȻ֪ǽ֦Ҷ³ʹ֣˹һˡ
ֻǲ빫ǿͷ򶨣ҵȹĿ࿴

һСԱ֪ڴ˵أЩ˾һڶ϶ݣб

ǽڣǼȻ֪ҵݣҲ֪°ңԶӲٱѲڷңҿԴдŹǣΣ

΢΢һ㶣ûϵǰѾͷľ£򶨵ּͬۻۣ˼

һСʱ
ǵתȴһЦ˿ʱ䣬Ϊ˵ǰɡ

ҵȶ֮ͽ֮ͽҪĶ𡣡
ͬϻˣǹԹԸߣƤ֮ࡣ
һԸͼһĨϮ

С˼׾ٵʶƣ˿̾ǿװ򶨣ǽڵҲͣضţֻܾı˫۴󺰣Ǳң

֮еûзֻöƹ˺ķ˱һ߷Զ󷢳ģˤڵصĳ
Ǵ
˳ǽڻϯض˫ۿǰͻһĻ
뵶ˣ˿ֻƼıӰݣ֪ģһ̾ʼ
ĵĿ־度£һ̿ʼתΪί

ʮ꣬˵깬䣬ܹԴʹĴ̹ǣǱǴŮѵ˹ͷԺ²м·һȳһգй·ġ
˫ֻסϥǣͷϥϣԽԽί
ŲҪһȳ˵Ĺ
ʱµһմˮʪһƬ

ǰڲĳ档

һҽ𣬵ڵϣؿڱ̴Ĵ󶴣ͣطӿѪɫ
ĺˣδմ˵Ѫĵս䵶֮Уֻݸѽɾ£һ㣬һҹ¡

Ըһ䣬ʬ塣㲻ٿʬһۡ

ǽǱ߻˫ϥʶţһڿ޵С
ҪһͷֲԶСԴȻ̧һ˲䣬źۼջԼ֣ίίĳ

С΢̧ͷʣίͰ͵Ŀھǡ䭣ô
δ˵ȴǵɴ۾־Ҫ֮Ҫ

ָһǣɨһЩȻҽף䵭ϴˣ㲢ʶ

𾪣ողһӶֻҪ𾪡
ǰ˲ǰ䭣˭
ѵβ
ǰһжǼٵġ
Զڴϵʬףʶؿȥǡ뵶δϵ˫۶ϣ̲סҪУæס졣
ǰǶ˶ڵסеߡ

һ䣬ҲΰЩ˶ˣʬѪֵİǼٵġ
ǰס˵ˣվǰ䲻ȫòɲǰ䭣ֻ˭
ϣϲˣѵϲҴֶ
ͷҲţȡҿ

˿δֻҲ
ϴˡ

ﻹǵɴ۾˵ǡ

һĽҹ˶ȥӱ߲μŮڣݻͻƣﰲˣҶڼң˶䶯˶˽⼱ٵĽŲ

ʮίҲ֪ǲǵ½ܹɣ߶ţ䭣ҪƭҡƤȴǲס䡣

ֶǰһΣİı۾˯˹ȥ

żѪʹǰԶƮһ̧֣˷˽Ųָĵ֮ϣһ߳ƮѪĵطȥһ߻ذγ˵
ߵڣƼһֻ֣дһö塣
ס˽ţԸڴ˵ҡ
һǰȥ
ɫ£˺˵ɫ£̧־Ҿ¡

ժ֮¶¹֮£ںڰ밵֮䣬΢΢ۿг˯֮ˣв޷ӵᡣ

ƳܣƼǽǰڷŵʬףһʬ֮ϴ˵ȹ
΢Ȼǧûϵ˰Ůӽӽ¡
ڴ˴
һ²⣬Ļ֮
³ʧְδܱõ£𷣡

޲δشֻĽСķ£˵ù𣬱޾ȵ
֮£ܡ

䲻ΪҪˣȴæһǡ

*
Ѿö꣬û˯֮жܵʹУһ˯ĲȣܾûۣҲ᲻
Ĵ̹֮ʹϮʹѹ
Ǵʶ
𽥿ʼҲڴӳ֮бѡ

ˡһֱڴغ򣬴˿̲ϲ

˼ʣ֣ҪҪţȴһۣ۳

æڴͷɲܶµҽˣúú

ҹ֮£һһͷ
Խ֣ͷȴֻƼ˶ҩ뷿ҹ֮˵Ӱ

ĺ˷ǰ䭣ϣһϳ
ҩ߹ţأ

ãȻ´˿ȻھڻʹԶھҹ֮£Ѿдͻؾȥ

һ㶣˵ĸףҹұ°Ժǰ䭾ңѵûƼ

ãȻҵ²԰һŲݣֻд澪֣һӲδƼ£ð״˽ǰػҹǰ״ҵĵ¡

źܿ÷Уɫδ䣬ҹ޷Ըǰ㣬شҹ֮£µҵʱʿɲǱ¡

ЩɿʵĴѣѵϴˣ





40.  ʮ   㣨

⿿ڴͷ, ԼҪһҽףûģ˵治Ǳ£

ŵͷ, صǡ

򴽣ʹһҹδ˯, ɫЩҰףһʷ, , Ҫл֮
ҪֱǺ, ǡʿ, Ǹ֪ͼ֮, ֮϶ҪлŶԡ
һҪ濴˵˭

ûԥδסַ, µв֪δ

Ųһҽţ۵̲ס, ͷȴǵҪҵҹĺˣûϵ, ҡ
ͷ, ǺѲɾĻϴˣ
뵽, ˵һ䣬һҪҵ, ҪȻǳɾıסˡ
Ҳˣ԰ɣ

ͷһؾѰ죬δӦ

״̲ס, ţ

ŵͷȭӦǣõɣҵҹ֮£뷨ͨ
ºлָ
˶ѡ
ңոŵ³Ųǡۻˣ˵ɢͣգվӶ֣Щ
ҽŽ˹ͷҲ֪ܺá

¿Ϊᣬ˿̲׿˼˭뵽˻Ǳԡ
˭עЩٰ˸˵ӣҲ˵Լûз֣ܹˡ

ƣҲҲûʲô¶æ˱ʾ£ŸһĵۣǽЩ

æ£ֺ£˽ҪգЩӣԴҶ˺֣Ӳҽ׸˾ʣ˹ⲻ֪жۡ

Ȼ۵ۿˣȴ򴽣˻ȥڴͷҪһͻᱻ£úû˼

ﾲҪͷ¶ȴֻο¶аǽֻҪúˡ
СĴƿģĪЩ䣬һССĹǷ֣Ъһ
ҹԸı֣Ӣ侲ģ˵˿򲻹ˣҲ÷һˣûзʱ͵͵˱ǣͬʱ䣬˿ûжʵ
ϧҶֻƣҹΪԾȶЩʲôҲû˿ǰΣյ£Ȼ顣
ѽ

ֵַӣǺ˱ӣĴűӣ˯ɣ㡣

۾ȴҲ˯š
ͷʼĥ
ô󣬽ӴˣݣбǷڲŻһĳҾ죬ͬ˽Թ
Ҳ˵΢˵֪ͷ˾ˡ
ҹǵϳ˭Ǿʹָʹ֮˱ضϵģȥ϶Ҫʲô
ɱȡ

и뷨
ûгҡ
ĺôֶǴĻʵ۱£һгأ
ˣȥ᲻ΪҪЮֶ
ݣ٣һҹͳɹ˵ˣ϶ǸΣյҲ˵£϶ҲУ֪Ѿ֮У
Σ䭻ֱ֪롣
ͷȻ͸ֳһ֡
ǿľٲͣؾʵܡ
겻ѡ
Ƭ֮ȴǴ˾

Уøдױš

͵۾ּ״ʵ£ﲻ

ֽ֣Ҫдţͻعɫ棬ֲȰϢæȥȡֽʺܰڴϵС
ȡ˵Ľ£Ųĥīһд֡
Ȼде룬д̲֮סʼдҹЩ˹ĵϸڣصīдһҹλʿֲǫдһǲΣңʵķ緶㹻дҳֽŸ±ʣװŷ⣬˿ڣԸȥһҪЩ͵С
ͷ߳ȥš

дţͷٺã嵽һĥѣЩڲ𣬲ʱڴͷֳ˯ȥ
*
ŵݸ˰ţ״ˣǵµױţ˿ЩͻؾС
ŽǷĺˣʱӦһ˾ͻؾ
뿪Ŵ˻УװԳȥ
һʱƬ̣Ⱥ䣬˭Ҳûвкβͬ

˼ߵһ۵ԺߵԺš
ſһ˿϶һ䣬м¡
Ŵ󿪣ȥ

֮˲ˣǳ⣬ŰžĴһԺţһյķǰӣ

ͷӦһᱻƿ׽ȥй񣬷żϣѾˣ׵˴Դǵ¸ױš
˵ã²ˡ
ױȴҲ÷Ǳ͵С

ѾŶŵʱ򣬰ųƬ̣𣬡ҹ֮ˣְѸߵ£˲ִҪҹĺˡ
׾Ǳ£αװҲʾһأְֵαװ֪Ӧ׼

޵Ȼ̧ۿ֪ˣȻȥȹգԻǰȥ

һִˣ㹰ҾϢ뿪˷䣬Ҳֻ΢춯

дҳһ֪д֮ˣ񲻴ûҹ֮¶ֲѡ

һ뵽Ϊ˶ǵ飬ڷ¡

ţδܶĺ档

²Ű֮˻᲻ǳ֮ӣЩ⣬СùãĳЩٶ۵ĺܣƫƫóٶ۵ĵطȴּȴּװȴֽҹ˺˶Ƕʱʱ־ЩЦ

ǹƬЦ⣬ҲƬ̵иü֮Ҳ˲١

Сùãаûдҹж຦¾֣Ҳֻδһ¡
ҹԺ󣬻µĴһ޵˫ͨ졣

΢˼ƮԶʲôʱǰ㰮ֵĹҲ˱ϲǵӡ

֮۵ŷ⣬˴Ҫźӵļв

ҹæϵȴδݣǲ
ֻǵ£һ£вǰ

ڰᵽ˼ٰǰȥ
̾Ӧ׼ȴֳƬֻ̣ðлȥ
Ҫμ
Ҫ롣

ڴֻһһҹҲס
Ǹɢӣ˾ʱ򣬾ɢҲʱѰ˶Ծ
ҹ˯ⶼûУڴ۶Ŵʺ˼롣
һʱ˰䭵ûյţʱŻдŸ
һʱôûҵҹĺˡ
շתأ̨£ǲ
Ͱ͵Ŀߡ

ֻ£úúϢ

ǲֻȣȺúõģѰһֻҾԺ߶һء
Ȼҽҹô˯ţҪܺú˯С

޷ȥѰһֻŹճߡ

һΣԾԶʹù˱ˣſҰɣԼԡ

ԸŹǰߣʱڵҹ磬Ծļ̌ǿգȴ־ԼǰкӰһ





41.  ʮһ   ˫һ

¹, ϰϰСԺӣ䲻Ժ֮У, ɭϡԴǰЩ°һ·µ⴦լԺƵǱΧͬͰһ㡣
ҪСסЩʱյԸҲ˿, ҹΪѰ˵סʱ, Ѿ֪³
Ҫ, СԱΪ䱸, ǰ̤ƧСԺżˡ
ԺַѲߵĹٱ, д򾩶ĳ

⴦СԺٲȻȫĵط

ⶢſһҹ΢΢Щ

£ỽһ

ѹ, ûƼһһĺӰ

̧ͷ, ֻżв֮Ӱżᱻ紵ӳڱǽ, 

ֻӰϳӰæο, ǵ½ӰӰ, ±¡ 

⵹ҲǺ£ֻһҹĺ, ˿ŹߣɵЩôûˡ, ֲ̫󣬶Ϊ׽°ͬϣ֮ײ
ôҲǺأ

ĪȰ

ʹջõĲ, ǹһСʯϣһΣЩˤˡæס£ãǻǻЪ°ɡ

ҽ˿ʹֻŹ߶˲ӣ۵ĲУ˿̱Ҳá

߻˷Уڴϣڳ˯ȥ

ֹһ

ģն飬峿ҲһʹŶ
Ҩһӻ࣬СЩ޾ɣ֪ͷ̫ȤУλŮ˵ˣ½ļã£Ҿ½£ɺã

߶ĵĺܣͷҲá

ùţͷͨǰţ£˻š
˾ȥӣҡ
ּһֶģæ𿪶ﵹҲû˵ʲôֻ˽ףŲͺ˳׺ٻؾ
Ȼûݡ
ŵĽֽ˺üأŷⶼ˺üء
˲ٶʵ£ʲô

䭸дĻֻҳֽ˼ţͼϿЩʲôտŽۣдҳֽ䭾Ȼֻ仰
ⲻڷʲô

ŶĿ⣬һʱ֮ȻЩ֮⣬æͷĿص£µȷֻһţ·Ҳ˸Ҳ⡣

־ͿοǱ³·æϾд˻ţһⲻһҩ̲̫֮ҽţ̫ҽˣΣ

⻰ü٣Դ˵Ϣ˾̫Щûιȥ֪߶̾Ͱ̫ҽǰˡ
̫ҽҩƷǽǰġ

ֽǴΪ𶯡
ҴֶǲǶ̫ĮЩ
ǲһı˸°ˣһҹǶôĶǣֶûҲͰˣȻػĻ˵䡣
Եñ̹ǣһ¾͸ܵ˶ĺ⡣
ǰȥʱ˺þãƽ

ɶ񣡡̲סĹĵĽСһġ

ǶȥɣˡٲֽӾס

˽Բ֪ʲôٻƢʱ򣬲ⶼ֣ҡҡͷʾ˶ȥҲֻС˵һ䣬ºϢʱ˵Сʱ򰮳Եǰ˹СӸϣֽʶźãŵ뿪˷䡣

аڱˣŽԴ˱⡣
۽Ǻ죬Ҳ֪ȵģġ

⣬׷˰ţһ񣬱ʣ״ˣ¿ɻдʲô
ֻ²δ͡

ʣǰ״˿ҵλʿ⼸ľҪһλˡ
ҵλˣµҲܺһЩ

ſʼͷƤΪĸ˵Ӧֵ治ɫɴ˷ǺǱ£ִϽˣֱǽ˻Ͽ

̧һǽʿٲ˵²ͼر֪ҵȣҡУҪźۼǺ˵˺û

Щ֣̲ס࿴ۣЩʹң״ҲҪЩģ콫Ҳõȴ׮¡
ԭרʹģµССԸ첻ɣŻкá
رǴ˷ˣؾԺ󣬳֪Ҫγͷء

ŲǲΣ˿ֻõһץʱ佫ҵ
˵⻰ֱȥվԭơ

㣬ʲô˳ʵ

ҡҡͷûʲôȥҩ¯ſҪˡ
ֻǾŰһϣЩʲôʱʼȻиְ

һ·̲ס˸硣
סѰһңͷһ·Ըһ䣬ҳȥһˣܿͻӲ뿪
*
ٶζǰ˹ûö١

һյʱЩģȷƣһҪ±ǰࡣ
иĴԳڴߵĺϣ˫ֳ°ͿŴ̨һԲ
Ϳʼ»ֻ綹һ󣬴ʪ˷ܣʪ˴ϵֻֽתۣͿʼˮһ㣬ƺƴ󣬲ס˳Ŵʱ̨ʪ͸ˡ

£´ˡһԣߴߴĿʼ˵𻰣ʱ򣬾ĺźͳˡ

ǰ´ˡĲɣȥˮ
Щ᲻񣬽꣬˵ĽױƽﻹҪϼ֣Դȴûб¶˾Ҳ

ϲɡľݣٻ㲻صʱ򣬴˿ǴϢġ
£ҹʿڱѰã˿̾ǰԺ
ǵΨһĺϢˡ

Ȼ͵һͷ棿

¿Ҫ֣ȥȡһȥ

ǰһҪȻҪˡҵȣɲҪλˣȡº˵ڣ׳ʲôģ

æסȵ֮Уױһ£㱻ǰǰ

ӳȹδƼǰ£һͥԺꡣ
һ£ͷҲͬҹһ㣬ֻ򵥵һ췢һҹͬǣ˽û棬Ƽݡ

⼸鶼㲻úãʱ˿ѵÿܼ˵®ɽĿˡ

߹ȵû졣
˲Զ˷֪

ڴĿת鵭Įĳףɫмֲϲ볯ô򽻵ư嵨
ҲΪӢͦʣżֲǸ߽·ƽεĽʿ

Ψҹĺˡ
ǵЦͽԭ
˵Ǽ٣

̲סָģŽԼɫȻһҵľˣض񡣡

˵ɡ

ʿδֻ˫ۣĮ˵ţ빫ռѾ빫ҪѰҡ

ǡתҪߣ

򴽣üšЩô˾Ҫߣȵһȡ

תЦ㻹ûиңʲôء

ֻһ齭Ưˣա
˵⻰ߡ

룬͵ɫ
󣬵ô˵ͱˡ

ǰסû뵽ͻ䣬һ̾Ҫε򶷡
ڽİţЩһæ˶˽֣⿴ҰУ΢΢գۣ˫ͣ¡

ֻŰſţҹĺˣ

æ£ҹҵʱλʿԣֽ²ϴġ

ƫƶ־ҵ˿϶
ǿͷֻ¹⿴˺˵ıӰҲϴˡ

ſҪס飬ȴ𣬡£λʿʱ棬δƼģǽδ棬Եϲ

һ˵еɫ΢

һδ£Դƭ϶Ļѻ

ȴתͷȥԸȥȡһ

Ҫʲô

Ѹ٣ܿľȡ˺ɫ



Ƿ͵˰У΢΢ףסϸơ
źɫӲʿĿڿײ̸
ߵŵġʿǰŵһˣס

˱סͬҹĺʮ

ͷϸš
֮۾ţ˸ƭңԲԣ
˾ʮˣͷǵƴ˵Ų

һºʱˣ˿ҹĴŴɵģûƼĿôͻ᲻Ŵҹ֮أ

ȴǰһأ£²ƭ

üͷСɵıǼţдŲš
þòڡ
űþõĹڵϣֻ½ȫʪˡ
λʿֻŵվһԣ

ڣڣ֪ˣƭҡ
˲ϼңҪҿһҲ

ϸš
ֿʿ㣬ʵ˵¡ҹλ˵ȷǴһû׼ˣµȴŰѰġ
Ծʮе
ʿҵģԲԣ

۾󣬡ѲΪݳªҹĿңҲǰ

ŵû
ҵ¿ʮִϻۣ׼һУȴ΢ƫһ㡣

ʿԼĵд緶ǿŵжཀྵӲ

˵͵תͷͿͬ˵ʿҼҵĵΪ㣬ֻҪе༴ɡ

ʿſڣȻѾµ࣬ȷûվ¹Ҽˣһ̺ۣԲԸĿŻ˹
ҴΪ˵¹ͼعһġ

λʿǲ֪СǸִֵģֻĿҲ˺ֻۣҪۼǲңҾðŴȥѰ
Ž㣬տ϶
ȷңȷ

ѵʹƢ˿̷ҪСƢ

˵⻰һֽȥ

°ʿ

ʿȥһߣһĿǰС̸

źɸ֣㼱˳ŵµĻ˵Ѿ뿪㵽ô˵а̣ԲԸ˵ģ󲻾ĻҪô³Źͷۡ
Ϊж಻ܱĻԸס

ʿŵһɴ緶ƫƫӲװˣ˾©ӣҲ֪»һֱ׷ʣ¸Ǻã

Ų˵ͷʼŽΡ

*
⣬¹
£ΪһҪˣȻԸˣֺαΪʮֲ⣬ҵµǸǷǺڰ׷֮ˡ

鲻ü۲ģ˿˵ʴ꣬гһַȤ꾰ԽԽá

ҵʱҿıӰ
ҵĸоǰ䭡
ǰ䭡
ֻҪʲôģͬ䭳񡣡
Ȼǵûܿ¶

ȥ˳Ƭ´ˮЦü䣬Ҵһ֮⡣

*
յ꣬ĴҴңȥҲҴҡ
ˮڵϻһһСˮݡ
¹ҫ²ԣһһˮʱÿ

ۣͷһ۾Ƽ˵ϵˮݣÿˮ·𶼲һ¹⣬ҹַʮ壬¶ԲǺӣ˿̶Ҫβ͹֦ȥˡ

˸ǷǹǷմһ룬ͽȻ˾һ˫΢
ȵȡ
˿̲Ӧ˯
ΪʲôΪʲôǰ̧ͷͷװСˮݡ

ϰԵȥ⼸ù˵ĹȣȴһֵƬ
ʱ˿̣ѣݶġ
Ѳݶ
˵

ͷͽȻһͳˣ

æͷȥƼһӰࡣ

ǰһˣֻͷŶԷ㣿

Ȼûϵ˿ݶԻһİӣ˿£֮нǳǳΡ

ͷ˫ʣΣ
һɫۣ棬δ¶ģЩɻηֱкβͬġ

ˡͷֻԴκȴǸ˲ѡ⼸գĵĺܣΨһȤ飬ɲǼˡ

ĬһϢͬߣ۾𣿡

£
һ㶣ΪʲôҪ£
ڲ𣿡
ΣôҹĪڷԾֻһˡ
Σ벻Եġ

˿¸֮ͷ£ǰ֮ݶ͸߸֦֦֮ڳɵϸߣ·Ҫȥ

Ӳݶҹоɫһʱ棬ЩԺ
Ѳ˼ҹΣҹŻμˣһ˵ҹ֮С

Σ
еּһ֡

϶ǳΣͽĿͶϵǱ¹ӰС֣ͿҪʱԷס֡

δʹʲôѾ⶯ãĿˮỺƴһ˿ײ飬ʲô

׽סֵĹȻԴ˿̲ţҶˣͲժҿ㳤ʲôӣ
ο֣֮ˣȻĺ˶ʹ

֮£һЦѵû˵һ˵İ̺ۣһ⡣

æ˵ˣһҪ
ҿһۣвУͿһۡ
ģҿ϶Ầ¡

Сʱ򣬹߳ҪЩʲôʱ򣬱ίͰ͵Ŀⶢˣֻ
ʱ˿̣ȴʯĳΪ

ȻʣΪʲôҪҵ
ΪʼΪеİ䭣

ûϵ㷴ʣһʱüԼλش⡣

ƫԷӦʱ䡣

ǺˣΪƶ˻

ʶش𣬡ֳĺӣֶӡ
ùãΣյʱȻҪˡ

ԷЦһ¶üۣ¹ԵᣬǹֶӱǳʣԶھʹ㣿

ɫãȻһʱȻ֪





42.  ʮ   㵽˭

, ôʱ䣬Ҳӵ䭴Ӿ

˫°ͣյĶ, û˵
Ҳ֪ǲΪչ˵ҽţҽĿ, ҲֻԼ˿С

Ҳߴ, ֻ˼𰸡
Ժ, й, һ˫װ, Լ׵ʧ䡣
, ¹˳ĽëϣȾ˫ĵ, մȾҵ
޷ĴĻ

Ҳ֪Ϊʲô

ҲΪϳҸĸˣ˺, ɰ䭿϶ᣬһҡ
ȻС, һù, ΣҸдҳֽ, 㶼֪ʱжۣ۸д, ȻͷܵĻҼ仰һҲҡ

һ϶˯ţһȥԺ󡭡
ԭĹĵĿ޻Ź䵭Ҳȥ֮, һҪȥʸס
˵һȻͣ¡

˲֪ʱҲ£θߴ¹µӰӣǡýӰȫ֣ƴ˿ĻС
һУֻмžʵ֪
Ƕδ֮ԺܸȤȥԺ󣬴ʲô

˫ֽԸС˰һ㣬̾һˣҲͦõġ
Ȼ䵭ұԶ

ƶᣬΪҪԶ

һвΣǲǿй¶˵£
򴽣δȾ֬ŵķۡ
ΪҪԶΪҺˣȻǹֶɵŮб𣬶˳׵ͣҪӭҲҪȻҪӵġ

Сͺһûбһ˵
㳤޵˻ʵۣ˳ҲһҲҪȥʱֱӻȥ
ϸ룬ĴֶԴŹԺ󣬴Ӳ̤Ź벽
ΪֶˣҪӡ

ԭȻֻһ˴С󶼲

һ뵽ˣоȻӿЩ۾ʼᡣ

ߵ£һٲ˵

Ŵ۾ôʲôڲֵ˰ˡ
˵ٶ࣬ôף

˺֣ͷϵ
˵ֺůȫȻ

΢΢һ㶣˾Ȼ֪ο
Ǻһ㡣
ǣԴ
̲סֽ̧˵ָƿ΢յð㣬Ȼͷ
ƿһ˲䣬˵ȭ˻ȥ

˵˵ҿҪˣڵҰο㡣ƶһ۾ͿС˼

ˣ˭˵Ҫˣ
ֹ֣ʲôʱҪ˰οˡ
Լͷ֪֪ǹǰʧǣԷ㣬ͷ㡭

Դŵ۵Ĵֱ꣬Ķ

һתȴǲĵĽƻǰ

ԣҿɡ
ôҵΣͲҵĺ𣿡

ĳЩʱ̻÷ǳִ֡

̾һڵ֮£Щ
ָһǣǲȷҪ

ǰһ͵صͷţҪⳡĿۣڲŵһ˵Ŀ

˱
ͽȻͿʼҵ
ܿ˵®ɽĿˣ

˺ƵһĹ򢣬£ȴ༡ȫȻͬİɫ̺ۣ־ڰ̺¶һС˲ͣ¡

ĿѾﵽֻڿǵ˰ʱͻȻ͵Բ˵˫ֹ֮סľȡ

˫ۣԳһ㣬ѯʣ𣿡
ҵǲеİ䭡
ж˽ǰ֮ˣͬǰ֮˶жΡ

ͻͻ£Ͱס˵֣£ס˰̺ۣһ߾ŵ˺ˣˡҲ˵Ҫˡ

Ҳ̫ʵЩϵİ̺ۣ¶ôһС飬˺ˣ֮½ǰ̺ۣжˡ
Ҳ˵£𱾾˻֮£ǵȥ˰̣ЩʵԵЩ

ڵתͷһߣס۾󺰵ҲҪˣʧɡ
˵ĺܡ

һ֣ǰɫ˿δб仯ݶϣԲ̸߹ϣתͷȥԣĿˮ

ô
ţ㣬㣬ôڡ

˵֮´һ˿Ц¶˺ĳ⣬ϾĿǰ˾ʧ롣
˿ڣɵӣ˭㣬Σ

Σô
ⲻţ͵ҪվҽŽ׸һĴ̹ǵͬɿӵȫصµ
ҶһֺֻգֹˤݶĲ״

ͬݶ˴ʱԺ
ڷӦʱ˿ҹİݶİĺ˵ദ

ȵ£̲סָšˡʼŻŷʡ
Լŵ£æһš
㣬㣬㵽˭
ҹҵ㵽

㻹֪¶֣
˫ֱأѧģ΢΢ͷϾڳЦӦٶۣ˿̲֪Լվ

һŭҹİ˴ݶ㺦£

ݶ·ţˣ飡֡
·ݾĵģ˿ûж

һͨź
ſڣԺ֮ˣԱҩԻ˯˹ȥ㲻ذ׷

ֱԼС䣬˵Ƕ󣬡㵽ʲô

ʲô֪ĳ

޿ˣŵĽͰͣ㣬ʲô

۾˿̵̫ܹǰ￴ĵľ度£վֱٸǰ˴ѹȸС

Ȼֻ㣬Ҫңҹֻ˳־㣬Ҿĺˡ
ҿԾ㣬ҲҹϢİ˴ݶ
ĶˣһҲͻɺĶˡ
֮£Ǻڰ׷
ǶҲֻƬֱܷ档
С𣿡

Ŵ۾ǵͨûп޳

ټֲסʯһĳ΢΢Ż

ҹԺٲɣңף
⻹ǲֻ˫ֽ߬ȭֻ»ΪΣ壬¡
˹ȥ飬˴ᱧ𣬡ȥץҵ½󡣡

ͷݺݵزһ۾ǲȥץǰ½ֻǴſǻ˵ֲҵĸʣֲҵֳҲҵ̫ƾʲôΪʦҹĽΪ˴
˵ʼȥ
ҲŲ̣ҵ˭
ƾʲôҹݶ
㣬㣬̫ˣ
û˵⣬ڴ˿̱Լƶ˻ˡ
Щͷί֡ѹһ̱ŷʹʹĿ
ԽԽģ޵Ĳѡ
ʵڲϲԼǰʧ̬ݺݵקźǰ½סԼ

ǰһڣ˴Ǹ૵Ǹ͵ҹһΣú˯һ
ǰ֪˶ãǽͻص˴֮ϡ

аģһ˷ֱ˯ŵѾ˴ߡ

Ҫȥֻץסǰ½ûзſ
ֻȴ֪ΪС֡
ûеƣҲܿѾ׵˫ۡ

Сû޹
޵ҵһΣ֪ĸԶ֮ʱ
ҹضίˡ

֣ȴֱס
ΪһԴűڴʱԵÿֿ顣

֣Ȼ˵㲻ǺˣҪİҹͬҽ
㵽ʲô㵽˭

ûöס֣ȴ˿ܶ

Ƭ֮˦֣ݺݵغһűȺҹҪڵĺˣΪ׺ݵ˵Ҹ㣬ҽͬ˵ÿһڰ䭵Ļҿ˵£㶼ȥǽҴܵĺȥҲҪ㡣

һιۣȥʱﻹк˵Ӱ
ߣǿŲ۾˳˯֮С
*
ҹһ꣬վҪոһЩҲ˾롣
̲סһǷ
ҹʵǺЩ

춯ҵæһŵĴ߽ң£ˣ

˯òãκ˹;۾ʹĺܣԼ۾Ҷһǣæҵ۾ǲˣ

ż߹һҲˣ±𶯣Ӹơҹ˯ǰúõģյµ۾ͺ

벻ףæͷ飬̫ҽ

ҹӿԺ
̫ҽ϶һ֪ǿ޹ɲܶˡ
һ۾һæȥ֣̫ҽˣû¡
ʲôˡ
ˡݶ
һ۾޵ֺס





43.  ʮ   Ե˫һ

, ںϣһɴŵĹ̼Լ׵ۿ, һĲɵŮ˵˳´ʼ˵Ź¡

˵˹м汾ģһʱ̣ǹ˵ʤ, ˽
˭ҲûƼǰں, ȴһ䶼ûȥ

ż۽, зȥֻĥһ¡

֪ʱ, ˵˵Ĺ¸һ, ˵˾վڷ, ȺµĹĹµϲǲϲ

аģ·һڵϵ֮, Ҳ᣺ֵǵӰкζ
֣̿Ϊ˵, ң⼸Ժȶ˲, ֻѳζǵĽԸľʹ¸ҳ, ϸϸɫһԸ˺ü, ˼ǰլ
һù˵Ǹ߳, ҡ
óͷĴСǣҵϷ
Ĺ²޴
ֻǣΪ᣺ĳȴһԲ
ʱ˿˿תųǰ, ˵˵һ㷲

ᣣ߽
Ƽҵ˼Ͳ֪Ʈ˺δ֪˵ڵڡ

̾һỽ¡
¡

ڱѣֻãȻ£

̾Ȼˡӵ˶ڵţ㸽ߵ˵ڵأ¡

Ÿ᣿ȥͷֵֺĹǣλмվŵ˵ˡ
ȻһӵĹ²͡
ʵǰҲû塣
ʾ⣬

ǡһֻװŽӵĴºɰ߳ȥ
˵æлȴ᣺ԸӿбĹ£ˣŹϲǱ
ûʲôȤȴҲֵ棬˾׼˵˵ĳ

˵˽ǺɰСУŴԣת˼תλѵǲϲĽԲĹ£
׼ӵĹ£ǴԲβ
ŬĻһѹεһʹ£ֻǻɫ

ԥһϢȴǵȥһҶ˵ûᣬĿһ׮£¿ɳƵ˼ţ˳档
ֻǹˣԳƲиý
񸾵һ˵

⻹δڣȴüʵҶ壿
˵Ŀļ֮¡
ǿ㲻һڹǰĹˡ

˵æϷ˵ûļҵ£ʱļҵڼ˵ûᣬĿһء

ŵӲ˵Ĺ¡
²˵µĶ

˵һæǡ

Ƕȴ֪һһظȤ
ĺȫ˳æ£˵˵
ȻǶֻ֪һ˲֪ļҵ׳˺¡

˵ȥ֣ȴֳͷһ˵ʣŵ˲Сķ粨˶֪ЩԲ𡣡
ʵƵһξʹ¡

˵ɣ⣬һûһŵļĵϵ˺ѵ
磬Ҵֶӡ
磬ˡ
ٱ磬ҹ

߻ԹɫҵҪ£Ϊ˵˷һյ裬Ӻյɤ㿪ʼ˵°ɡ

˵æĽӹ裬͹˰յ裬Ҳˣذİȴ˵ҶļңҲ˼ңǿ˼񣬹ؼء
һӲּңֵסһ𡣡
ļҵĹǴŲŲҪ趨ʡŮ顢Ů졣
ļҵүļ̫үԺ
׽ܣҲŮͣٲ׼ڣ档
ǷҪҪ
Ѫֵã˶硣

̲סüͷļңĪǽЩԼֵôСһˣô񣿡
˵ҹأԼµĺǣ޲һϰ֣̫µѧңҲӲźǻ

˵ʱظ͵˵ĺǣļس£ҲӦļҵļҹ֮ϡ

ļﱲڶ࣬ļ̫үʮλӣʮλŮ
ǿ绨͡
һգʵܹ˱Ų֮࣬͵͵˼ȥ
˭룬СŸɽˤɽǽ첻Ӧеز顣
֮ʣȴһλɽСˣɽоȳѯסδȥ
ұ¶ݣң񲻻ᱻ̫үһֻлӵľ֮ۼҪˣ㽫Ψһһֽɡݸ˾ʹ˱
˭ϵϲעλʱڤڤ֮У˵Ŀʼ

˵˹߻࣬˵˴¾ľͣһ˳

ͻͻֱ
в£һʱԼܲйصŮݡ
ԾһʹԲļɴõһš

˵ʱ䣬ֿ˿ڣƻһ͵ĹңһλӴȣ
ԻؼҺ佫˷ļ䣬ȴ˼ҹˡ
ðһ˼ţֻΪӡ
첻ˣӡΪѹֵ̫ã󵨱ļԭͶһ飬ŴԣвӦĵ

ʱ͵ţᡣ
һȥ궯Ũ˻򣬶ڡ

˭Ѿ˵˵ĹȴصĿһѣ˵˾ЩδĹ˵Ļ
һΣֱȥ֮󣬵ȴȴǶ·

ȴûбŪȥ˵˵Ļӣ㻹û˵Ƕʲô
˵ô˵ףͿġ 

˵һǾ׵Ĺ֮¡
ᣣǵȵĺĿҲ޷ӡ
Ǻ£ƶ׷ʡ

˵ֲ̧˲ϵĺ飬Ȱ£

ڸļϷ밲ʱ岻˹ȥﲡһǲˡ
һֹеĹңС

֮һ󾪺
⾪춼ϲˡ

˵˺
Ϸ˵Щȥ˴ڵϽ˹ҡ
ﲻϹӣɴ£ﻳ֮¾Ѿļҳ˴˳ȥһʮʮ٣̶̰ʱҶ֪¡
̫үֱ˰ֽţװȥ

üƽˣŴ죬Բۡ

ˮ𽥵ûͷҪûˮʼնɹ֮ڡ

ļ˴˿̶ߣһӲȺײײߣһ˲䣬УҪϰ

һ̣˶¶֡
Ϊˣˣ̫үĵ֡

˵Żżֱ꣬˻һݣһֱ˽ɡ

Ҳס˼гԳ˿ҲסŹ´Ůݣȵס졣
˽ҲͰˣ׵þ\\֮¡
Уܱ˽ܣ

Ϊ𾪣أб£

˵˻̾һľúᣬΪµĽβ

Ƕһ˲䣬֪˶Էݣξﻹл
໥ţҲһ

̲סʣļأļ˾ûǶ˾ѵĿ˱

˵ҡҡͷش⣬˷µĴļҳУǧζƽϢǺ⡣
תЦһ أ˲Żᱣȫļҵ
վ²ˣļ̫үΪˣļҾعƽȴ룬ļҲܲ˺Ͼӣ׷Էּңδס

µˣѾ

˵˾ľΪ¾㡣

أþõû˵ֻȵĳĬͬе
µĽβүӵǶΪǷµĴ󸶳ĴۣǱضԸΪļˡǿ϶Ҫһ
ǣֻ˴
మ֮
ļϿԵļҹ棬ļЩֻؼҹ棬ȫ˹ĳѵûһ
һʼļ޹ˡ

ԼĳĬ֮С
Ⲣһ˲ͻĹ£ҵ¼Ȼ˽ȥҪʱ·¡
ֻ˻֣˽¡

˳ĬĹˣ˵˾ͿҪʱȴִ˵ӣ

˵һ㶣ĪŽĹóв

ȴͷصǣ²Ϊ㡣

ֽǰźĹ˽££Ҫͬӵ˵˵

⴦סᣣ䲻ȫߣȴҲ˵˾᣺ˣ֮ˡ

ǰͣ£

Ȼ᣺ˣ겻ѵĿ˿ڡ

ﱾϿҹ³ССһƬûмֵܣү֮飬ȴɾһδԵ

ӣ˵꣬ض֮¿͸
пܣܱܲܿļңδĺӣȥһط

˵㶣û뵽Ϊүϧ
һȴҲò˵ʵǾܱܿļҵȺαܵÿ֮׳أ
˻ţʹͼ尾һҲгһɻѡȥ

Ŵ󿪣νһ磬ᱡᣣ˵΢΢̧ͷƼ᣺Ĺ˫֮ϣ˫΢죬ɫ

ٴᣣ˵µͷٲܼ᣺֮ˡ
תһ˿̾ҲҪõ𰸵Ļ
һͱˣԲԣ

*
˵˵Ĺ£һյ⡣
ڶ峿ȥŴ

չĲ̫ȣҪլӵİȫҹֵͬϢʱҪһӵĲǲ
⼸ľƣʱΪһٺ»ȴҪݹ

ʱƣͷվµƣһ˲˸ɸɾʱ;ӣǵзԸ

΢΢ü״ˣָղͷ
լһӦ˽
Ψų⣬⼸գһֱĶžÿնҪȥһˡ

ʵԼ˼Ц˵ȥѲһأջ֪кҪ£

Ŀ΢ӻȡһݹȥ·Ը㽫˲ύˡ

ЩᣬֻƤдġԵ֣֪ҵµıʼɻ󣬡Ǻ

ǵ¸лĹ£ױĻ
˵˲ҪҲҪټӾΪлҲԸԴΪл񡣡
״һˣתˡ

ͷֱͻͻҵ»ûģ

ô״ǲԸ˵״ְ½飬Ƿ£ɵþЩ
ǲ֪ǰյҹⱻ֪Ĵȥݶһ顣
ֻŶ˺üˣŻδ

ưͳԻп˵ʹƼеľ軳ɣˮ£ֻȻһԵ겻޲֮ġ
ⱾҶѸٽС

ţ״˵źáҲתߡ

ǰЩ½չЦӭ֪жģѴǰ
ֹס̾ҹӣʲôʱǸͷ
һ½һأֳȥ
*
žһѰһ¥Ѱټ£ǵдĻл񡣡

üë΢УԵ
СùúʱϲЩгŮԹİ޹¡
ǶԴ˲ȤǷҳһĿʮеķţ֪һҳʱƺȴ΢΢˸󽫻ϣ̽ͷţ⼸գ˭ȥ

ƽȴŲơ

Ů˵лΪ˵飬ҪЩʵģ˵˱˵һ׮֮£˵Ҷļһ뾭ѵ

ɫ΢ȻĻˣhȻˣⱾԵרΪд

Ŵס˿ڣȴ̲סС𣬡£Ѿɱְ죬
Ծ޴˿鲻ƣȴֲʧ˻ᡣ
Ǳŵĵ˻δˮ棬ҪΪӣֱˣɲΪѡ

䵭ֻ̧գ޻ỹһס
ȥ
ָڻҳš

˺ôһŲ࣬ȴײ޲ƵĿ⣬ֻŬǵЦѹȥ





44.  ʮ   Ӿ

˰, ޶ּĻһȻüۼմȾЩȻ
Ŀ⻺ƶԼ, һƵİ̺ۣʳָĩ󴦡˺ü̺꣬ɫҲ, ȥʱܸܵԱߵļȫͬ͹

ҹ, СùץסֲżȻ
ҲĬѰĵİ̺ۡ
ױдĻ, Ѿȷݡ
˵ҪϲĻҪΪҪ, ˵Ըǰ, ء
Ǻ¡

Եһعµ, ޳ָŻ˹µĽβ
ԵǴǶ, һ

ҵķһƿɵСģϢ˽, ӣϢˡ

*
Ƕ˵ļҾ·ʹ, ·˵ԱŮֲժ, ܳ

˵ںϵ, ǰϰڷŵĸɫӡ
Ҵ֦Ҷմ¶ˮ, Ƥ͸ֻʹӲŻеĹŶ˽Ƭ̣жѾɢ嵭Ĺ㡣

ŵһϤ嵭˳ķȥ, ޵ĺһƤǵһ棬˴εĺǰƽƽһۡ

գˣ˵ȲµĹԱ޲ĵĹӣ뷽跨Ҫ̹Щ
˵űȴʱ̶עլһһ

ڽܹĵѰͬ°йصĿ·ԭ׼լ밲
ֻⲻϲˣҲҪ˲ͬ밲
ɳ·ҲͲΪ˸ӣնҪֱЩլ

ʵ˿ʲôԣȴƼʱһ£һУҲԣֻ嵭Ķ˷˰ɡ
ͷǣ˽ӶȥֻȴҲе棬֪ΪΣ˳껨
ǿҲѾ˹

пڹУҲܳϳˡ

ԭ嵭飬ͻȻֿʼ겻
ţǷǸӾͻܳˡ
һסΣռ԰䭵
Ȼ԰ôͻǰ֡

ԽԽĳ˵ſݺҧһڣĹڣ⣬òСӣȻͦ

ãȻһƬȻûס
ܿʹ˼ðȥĻˣ

ǣ״Ѿȥˡ

ܺá

Ѿ˼˴գ˿Ǹᣬ˳һ˼·֣ؿڣ£һ£ᡣ

һҧһ棬ֿʲôʱҲѧ£˵ˡɲ˵ϲ֮ˡ

Ӿţ״⣬ӻЩʲô

һǴӺ˵𡣡ſǳ⣬ɾͱסˡ
ʵսʱĲ֮һ
˵ʹǰǲǳһȻǾвСм

ǰգ˵ǰʱӾ;ŲԾ״ƺʶģ⼸ʱע٣ŷǺй֮£־죬˵Ҳֻ֪׵ȥҡ˵סΪ벻ˣ
ǵһɴ
ڶ
ӽȥѰʱǸմͷѲΪɽӡ
ʹǵֵ״ԭǽյֵν񳿻ͷأ

ɼ״˶ҵȣ᲻Ѿ

˵Ĳ޵ȴץסΨһһߣ¸ڴ㲻˵ˣ˼ˡ

ֱӣѵõɫûʲô⣬㲻ضġ

һǵ£һ򣬾һ

⿪ĺˣŶԵ𳤷
㲻𣿡

ҵƶһʱҲҲǰֻѹеɻӦһǡ

ˣȥһˣ߳·ˣͶҲȱʲô
ⲻ֪ʱһӣöٲȻǸ⻬ԲﳤΪڵģûгԵֻа档

̾һµĹԱ޶Ҳһ£ǽط
·˱Ҫֺ˼ⲻǲס

°ȥǳ֮ӰhˣΪ֮顣
䣬Զˡ֮¡

ȻҲ⻰⣬ͷ£Իȥ죬·ġ
˵ˣҪЪ£򷢷ź֮ˡ
Լڴϣеӣ˫Ŀʹ¡
ԽԽķӳһס
ƣʢŭܻεĵУڿԲе䣬Ž
Ӿʵ̫ɶˣ

ͲܺúõĴڳ
*
ǰӵĻ·˳ϻ̳ϿֵĴ
Ǹճ˶ţƼһйٱװѸٵشӶųȥ̼ҪȥѼץһ㡣

䲻֪˺£ͷȴʼ̤ʵع·΢΢ף·˲ͣǡ
ԸϳϽȥ

լƼլһλ֮͡
ȴˣջ

ⲻԾĽϥϵı̺££Լ˵Ȳ¶ǰһе£ô

ջԴݺĿɨһ֮ˣ㴹ȻĿ⣬ּ⣬ǰ±°һ¡
ͷԭΪ¶ѽ

¿ɻã
ջᶯ̲סֶһ䣬˿ĵĵǡ

Ͽϣ⾹ѹֵĹػæûʲô󰭣̫ҽ˵ˣЩʱգҵ˾Ȭˡ
εķ֣Цֻҹ꣬Щ߷Ҳ·˴
߻̹Ȼ˵͵֮ƫ޷ɼ

ջԣۿɼи࣬˱ãռ¶һֱǣƣȬؾ

ʺһأع𽥿ʼΡ
Ųһڣ𣬡ˣҹ°ҵĵǺˣ

Ѿգ°һ»δĪ˵һձһżĴ֮ˣҲԴġ

ջɫҲѼ˵ʬƷϵĻ˽Ǵһͨӷ

üͷӷѾ϶°ˣǳ֮ӣֶԫhԫhϵһܽпʼѰ

֮ѹٸѲΪӵһΪµĺ֮ϣˮܵܶ档
ջͣһ˲ص»ǵõһӴ

˴ͷҵȻǵá
ʣԣ˼ԫhҲڲµϣ

ջһֹڵϣѾǲµĵˮܶҪ
˭ܲ˵һԫhӢţ̶ʱ䣬ܽһͽշ
ϵͽǸΣյﻹڡ

ջֵң꣬鲼µѾ룬Щܼʱ
ǻڳõسС

пʼ㷲˼Щԫh
ԫh˳ȥԳ
ҵҲǱãȻһ˲
ԭеһжмѭġ

ջͷ˵û
֮뱱빴ȻΪѲ´֣

ɲˣ֮Źȥ˼꣬ò״չ˰ӣԫhΪλҪ췴ͽսҡ
ŻѪʵֵĹ̩񰲣Ҫʹ

̲סʣͬǴЩΪҪԫhۣͬкͬأ
ջ˫Ŀ⣬ضܡ
Ĭã˵Сû¡

һ㶣רĵ

ʤս£ʢȵ۸ǰа֮ʵȵǼ겡أ˶ΪʥүὫλڳŻὫϥ¡

УֳʵǸ֮ˣá
еȵۣӽǲ㣬ʱѵǴ֮λ
һг׷ߡ
Ȼλ˳İ϶֮õʥۻƫӣλӶֶӡ
ЩѾλɱ˫ۣ׷Ϊƽ

ȵү󣬻ǶȵΪ̫ӡ
һв
ʥүЩ꣬Щһֱұ¶

˷֣ԸָķףҸʣλһ֣ضĵ
ûбʸǵˡ
ʵҪλԲŽӵԸͲͻȻı˼ֳΪ̫ӣҪȻֵ֮϶أ

ջֵ˵û游߹ĸףọ́ӱ壬ڹһǳغ󣬾գֹɱ˵о޴İ¾
游˵ʥүΪ׺ݣݽ棬պ̳лλȵһϾɱ
ԹųܿܣڳУΪʥΨһ׶ӵȵүվв
ȵԸºͣΪۣǲ֮£ƴ

ջ̾һЩģʥүû뵽ѾΪӴ㣬󣬳Ǳ꣬Ƕ֡

ȵۼţҲгֱС

ͷһŴ£𶯲ѣ˵ʲô
ֳͬйأ

ջͷ£ҲЩ˳ơ
µǻҪ峯ãȴҲвٳд¶Ҫı¡
Щ̫꣬ƽʢʵɹȡ

ҾȻ֪껹ô¡
ͻȻ;Լȫû
ЩΪܹǵÿɢɢйӣ鶼ɹģһȫȻ֪أ

Լ֮Уջʱȥ֪
౻΢С¶ԲƵ¡

һ꣬ع֮ȴҲδС˿ڣ˿Ѫ֪˵ˣҲˡ
ǰ꣬䭲֪ΪͻȻּȱˣ׷ɣָ̡Լȴǲգڡ䭸ǸȾ˷纮ǶǷ纮ǰأ䭿Сϰǿģ춼ļ䵥ôһ纮򵹣ÿȵҩˡ

룬һжԭΪĲһ
Щ䣬̲ס˱
*
ٱȥ˶У׽ӷ
ǲŸţͷĿȵĻζ
ٱײ˷ţͷȴѾΪչĴͻ
Ȼ𣬿Ȼ𣡡
Ϊ֮˻ŻŷԸȴ
һջ˱һʮڣҲջеƷòҵжϡ
ŭйϵȫҳҹ顣

*
֪ʱվߣ£ˣطϢɡ

·ĴΣڳϷѾãĻϲһָ΢΢ŰףԶ˶ָѾˡ
տ䡣
̺ӣЩͷɥ
ʲôˣΨһ顣
ȥˣҾ̰ѹν̫
ٲ͵Ҫѡһ£ȥˡ

áЦ̫ܸˣزٿʥү顣

šصĵͷ

˴֣ż˷лζ
ɫʱڼԷһ£ͬĻλŮ°³йϵ
˻ͣңٱæھȻ𣬲ͣЪ

˰£˽Ųѵע£ųɹĴݶ
Ų֪黹ⰲºѯʣ£ҪݶЪö˶˵ģΪҪϴ˴ݶ

ĴԶĲɵĻشкβɣҾŴ˴ãļԶ
ĸط

æָһǸططЩͬǹǿһЩ

𣬡δϨ𣿡

Ӧа˴ͣиİҲԷǰȥȻźܿƽϢơ

˫ֳ°ͣרעĶǸ򣬡ȥɣһ˴š
Ӧǡ
ȴҲԶ¥·š

ȣҶΪԼҵ²һʱԲŻݶš

ڶҹðȥݶбı̺ŵ棬棬ҪݶϺܾá
ԸǶԶЩһ˴
ȰʱûܹȰĶشƼ

űҷѾû˻⣬ΧӰİҲʱסطȥǴҹǺڰһƬͬԵ˵Ϊۡ

ĶЩ΢Ƭ̤΢ͷδأ֪Ӿڵˡ

ǰ¹ͶµӰϣ˵ҹΪڴˣ

֣ǿſҪ˵ӵݸ֪ʣȻ㰡





45.  ʮ   ղ

ǿԲڿ, ԵмСˡ
ҶֵˣûдҲֻǽС

ҹ޷, ֲ֪ӺδƮƲסеǣҹҹոǺڰҵƻ, ݶȥֻƼҸһһصĹâ, ǼҼһ, ҹǳ׹䡣

ƫͷȥ, һľ, , ĿǰĿ׺ҵƻ
Ŀɨ, е棬ٿֻ¶üĿһ

ǹһ˿Ц, Цȴ۵ס
Ҳʶһ
Ӧôƺ㣿
һüȻҸȡһ֡

˲Ŀ, Щȴ˳Ļ½, 
˿
һ, ˽ⲻ
Ը˳

ѧҴֶ, Ȼһʼ˵˵ҿ㵹ǺҼ˾ߵպҾͽӾΣ

δĵֶŭЦһӦ, ֲǴָʲôԡ

һȭ޻ϣá
Ŵ˫ֳ°ͣ
ɶ񣬾˿Ŀ֮Ҳ³ˡ
ӾҪôȣͲܳһĪٺ֣
ԵС

ı̺ʰ̯ϡ
Ѿǧٻء
źߵһˣ

ܵ˶֮

㣡ж֮ܽӴѾǾ֮
һҪӦǹ֮ȴѾԶȥƬδͣǾԶЩ־붼ûл˵ڡ

ѾƿĿ⣬լķǴ𴦵һһۡ

šüͷںｫǱ̺ץЩ˰ɣӾֻΪ˸̺ӶѣҪ˼ӵ
ǲӦôЩĪǾ֮񣬴СĽ

ӾűլķЩ꣬˵һҶ𺣣ͬұڶӵļ˼Ҳ֮֡
ֻһɺôʳ͢ٺ»Ĺʳٺ»Ҿ֮¡
Ӿ˵Ϊʲô벻ҪһĹ¶Ϊ˲͢׽ãȻԸԷ٣ѵļҲԸΪ˶𣿡
ϣ̩񰲡
ΪһҪ׷淴أ
ɲű޶ĸԸͬһ𺣵ġ
ĶԸڻУյζ°
λаһ㣬Ϊı¶Ҫ׼

˲ûô⣬ǽҹ˷ɡ
·ħ
£˫Ժ󣬲ϵմȾ˶ٻҳĺǸǣңڽƯĽ˵ʿ

ǰ£ҹԳһЦаƽ
ǰܹΪս𡣡
Ϊܸı䣬ȴҲЦ󷽣Ϊǡ
ǰԻˣı䡣

һƽѰȴаŵƣ֮С
ɵһ
Ӿû˹
ʮ֮Уû˿һ㡣
ϸôʡ
βһʵġ
ҴֶӴû˴ͷɥ

֪ʵ۵ģҪϲŭɫŻԵ֪
ֻвͣشŻʵ۵˼

ǾջЩδ֪Ժ
ʱ˿̣ͻȻҴֶʱСδߣȴͷͬ˺׳
᲻游Ľ̵ضջشðհҵ岻ҴǧԶƽ
ʱӾѾãҲҪźĴ멣ССͱ׳־ѵõ˾һֱһǣŴֶӵ˳¥ָɽǿ

ĸѾܾûǰ㿪ͬ˵ɽӡ
һ죬˺ܶĹ¡
һֱϦ£̫ɽǰƻķݶϣһɫɴ
ĸűɣص˵ţ
δͽЩСˡ
仰˴֮⡣

ʱ𣬴ֶӱû˺ͯһһյΪδŬѧϰ
ֶʱľ
ȴΪΡ

Щ꣬ʵһϸĹùãûҴֶʵҲͱˡ

ԭǴҹҪúõĴӾĿ
ΪβúôڳƫҪԼҲΣ֮С
ɻŷأ֪Ӿڴˣ϶ǻ뷽跨ĽӾıˡ

˿ͻȻͲˡ
һʱƬڵӾɡ

ĹĵĵԲһ˫ۡ
˭ܸı䡣
ѵ֪Ĵֶĳʱ͵ۡ
С־Ҫôս𡣡

ӾֱĿǸԣʵ𣿡

ͷޱԺǵȻҵĴֶӡ

䣬һůĻ
ţҪʲô
Ӿȴ˫ֻؽͷļϣһ
΢ɲȴżϸѲϵļʼļ˷ɢ
ӾȻ͵Ϯ
̧־Ҫ˸ƿ

Ӿƣ˿ڣ𶯣ֻһ£ͺá
ֻǱţ
ֻţܴϼȡһ㡣
ܳκص

Ǳƣһ㣬ʼҪƿԷ˫֣ȻжΪûеطţ˶Էıϣ׾Ĵš

ھһţ㣬˵ֻһŶ
ʮ͸ҷ֣ȻȻҾ͡
⿪ʼΪѣҲûвӾġ

Լûпʼߴͳʮţˡ
һ

ʮ꣬˫ֱӦɿļͻȻһᡣ

ǰһӾѾԶܸܵϲĶԷ¶ȣΪŶ˵ӵǴ

һ˲Щ㱣Ӿ˵㻰ġ
ȵȣ˿̿ɲӾ⡣

ⲻԾץ˱̺һС׺״ǵ㲻ȹҵԱʧľٶ

ӾȻڣһأ 

̴󺧣㲻ҪôߣŲվȥҹʦӾ

ӾԸʹĲ¶ǰ˿̱һ˿ɫ˿
ƿЦһỺģպٲˡ
Ҫȥ

򴽣ǲǻЩӾЩֿġ
Ҫߣֳȵȡ 

Ǳţ˫۸һ˿ڴ֮дЩƣк£

Ժش
Ҫġ

һЦšûٻͷ˲ϢѾԾ´˴ʧããҹɫ֮С

˱˫ۣȵĺϲ£졣
ӾĪĻᷨôգۼͲˡ
̲޵ĵ㣬

µȴǰ಻סż˼߽ỽ£ҹ¶أǴݶɡ

˵ͷ˳ӵá

˷ʰմȾ˳ı̺ӣʰž;һ
ҵа治ˣǿӳԲɰĵõ

˼Ӧݶͬ£治ˣȥҡ

ڱճԵҩһζ˯ҩģ˿̱̲סһ˵ȥ棬һ飬æȥңӱңҳԵˡ
ҷЩ

⻰գʰû˶Ͷַ˴ʣᴵȥе˳ȥ

ŵĹȴ۾˯ȫޡ
ü֣˳˼
ӾʵǿЩ
ίʱ˺ο
ǲЩ꣬ʵʱҲõο
ȴ
һ뵽ˣǿԭģΪ˶ǳ
ˣ»ٺúõͬӾ

*
ǣһСԺȥˣȴԺһʱ½֮߳ˣӭŹ֮ˡ

ӭȥһ߽ӹ֮ȡµһߵӣܺ
ȡԺ󣬹֮¶˿˫ա
˭
䵭üۣ˿ȴһ˿Ц⡣
ǰ¶Ĵ

ǰˣֹ书ãҲѣں󣬱ͻȻ˶ŵ˴СԺ֮
һɹӵһ˿ŮӲŻõѬ㡣
ʱðͷ
һ˲䣬һ˫ƺ̶˫ۣʲôͷҲȫˡ
ͷƤ飬ӡ

һ˲ɫ仯ûӹ޵۾޽ҹ鲻ûеֻմŸԹٸ׼ذŮڡ

ɻ޾ѵõĶһ䡣
зУǰкθϵԻϣղĵĹӡ
ԴŮչ壬رǰձԷٺȫץ󣬸ΣһץȥˣԼ

ŻȻæǣȥ׼

̧̧֣£һзܺ
ֻܺδ
һתϱһֻ档

ǿ꿪磬ҹҲ磬ֻϧǻȥգܳǿŵĹӡ
ǷˣϵмԵõЦԼ
ԭż¶֮ɫСùһˡ

*
í˾ͷԴҹ֮ˣǽЩüĿ
ǿŽ飬ǵõЩο塣
սǰ˾Ƕôûûץˣŭ
٣ЩȴֶΣط
Զʣ鵽дź뾩ǡ

أͳȥһӣȴǼææ˻ˣǰǰͣ

մЪСʱһ㶣ĪҪĹְˣ
һʱȣæϹٷ˳ȥǼһλڽӥ۵Ĵſֵƣæ£ҰһԼ׶༪ٵδ

ڣʥ⣬˷ңգΣպ޹ʱǱԸ㲻ذŮڣ԰֮ģ֮͢硣

ֱԼĶ䣬⣬ǲǷŹŹٳ

ֵּɣ

ؿҪӯĳּصԲŮڣȥӲվȥҪҪͬ
ڼҪŮҲҪ¡ؾٰ졣

*
νǣһȫ
ΪԼһСͬյ㲻׷鵽֮ˡһ£Է񵽲ԼЩ޹ǣηжȹ˺üҹ֮ˣȴϧԼ޲ýԼЩͬһһȫ

еĿڹ¼һ𣬻˲˿

Щ꣬½ͬسǵĹٱܣأʳÿ궼Ҫ˵
ʳţڶ࣬ÿÿضҪʱ䣬Ҫϴ˰
ʵ˶رҲδ½кβס
ǰ½ͬһ㣬Ѻ˳ǣ֮ˣͬǰĲһ
½Էٺ󣬹ٱѾѲµᣬʲôҲûв
ΨһҴų¾ݵķᣬֻһأ졣

ջɵػ㱨š

Ӧһš
Ŀǰȥ¥յƾɷ
µĶѷſݲݣ¨
мĵطȴ˿¾ǿյġ

ջ£ǻһ

˵ݸӣ谵Ŀն￴ȥ澹ǰڷű죬̨ϵȳУ̨ҲѰõͨ½һÿʮٺ»ı𣬳סڴ˴֮ˣݲ͡
Ҹɾ֪ڴ˵ˣ뿪ʱ䲢
ԫhǰ֮أǴ˴

֮⣬Ȼ˼ܣѱȡ
ھʾѾź·Աȫ
ԫhԶԷָơ
һץԫh
޲δ˶ա
ҪץԫhѣҪ֮˽Ըˮ棬ȴ̫ѡ
ңеĳ뷨õһ˿Ӧ

ջ˼Ӧ£ŵҹѾزգ֮ڵĶԻյϢ

š޵˵ͷ

ȻѾ£ջʣǿҪ̻ؾĿҲѾﵽ㰲ȫ֮أǧ֮ڴ˾ˡ

ȴûӦ£

лȥպٹ龩

ջһ㶣պǺҪؿŮڣԱլĴţ볤ϯŮڡ
Գ˽Ķ֪࣬һһǴӦҪμӡ
Ǳأڴ˶գΪ
ջһ

޵Ȼһ˫Ƕ뷨䡣

ջæͷ

*
û뵽»ּذŮڡŮҪѺΣһΪп
϶Ǳ֪ģּġ

ֶ֪ȴʲôҲ˵⣺
Ų飬һΪգ㻹ԡ

Ҵˡæһͷ

⵹ҲǺμŮڣֻŮڵ֣һˡ
԰ֶһμŮڣֶͬã





46.  ʮ   ùãҲһԸ㡭

ˮ, Ưֻȥ
͸ɫĻ͹ڼװæµİ˭ҲϾ˼ˡ
װ, ͷĿԵϣߺһ˻, һҴ
˭ҲûƼڽļֻ˶, 屻ƿ, ¶˼һ͹̴

˺мλͷ, ƫݵΪ, ׷Χȥ
һλ, ӣ, ҵȴ˷ðձ, ƻȫգҪȻص, 㣿
˭˵ļƻȫˣ
ǻ, ̵棬ͻҳ, Ӳ֮ϣ΢΢ű, Ƿɡ
˵ᣬȴһ֮У岻á

ʣ¼ˣһ˸, ޱ⣬ǲ˼ѲɳɿдʧܣܳҲʧ˲˵˺ЩֵܺͰ׮ⲻʧʲô

Ŷҵӣ԰׵ȡ˴ڶϵĶң¶űָΪ԰׵Ĵı飬ȴҲǲҰɫģƫüļڣֻ۽΢΢㹴һ˿С

Ϊĺڰ̫һ˿б͹ʮ֡
ֻ⴦£ǻҳĻ֮УͶķȴζڲס
ǶһݣԵĴӱԾӵС

ʲôһ㣬һ¶ζЦһ˾֮УջɲС

⡣һʼ˵ǰ뵺ͽ̡

˫һۣظ֮⣬׼СΪ˻ܾģ˱пֵ̫ˡ
˭뵽ȴͬõء
ҪЦȴǣϵľˣ̲ס
ЦͽȻù

˽Բ֪ΪθˣȴͷƤ顣

еĶûӹͷ͹Ķ䣬͹ɻƿҪ鿴ǲֺӣȴ˫ЦһۣҪˣһȴϽһͷѵȥϢ

һ˾Ϣȥ
ļ˽ж֮ˣܿ㽫͹֮Ѱһ飬̧ǰ֮з䡣

ϧһ̾һȴǱ顣Ҳϵʬһۣˣжˡ
ɫ£΢ΣұݵĻͣڰߣȴϢһϢɱڽС

Ӷվ˶¥װ֮ϣ֪ӺδѰһƣŵײװһһȥ͹ȴõĲһ˿ͬȻԵõƷűеľơ
ƲѺ˴˻ϵ͹ʮӱܴһʾƣζȻɬڲѡ

ӺһڣǻǵľƱЩ֪࣬ʹһΪľơ

Բ֪ʱһߴˣմѪĵһޱĻش⣬಻֪

̾Ϣǲ֪˾һյֵǧʥ۳нڼ󣬱ֹּ˾ƣѰ˾ƣɻʹﻹ
ʱӾƽ˳һһڣζʵ

ζľƣһֻһΣǿϧ
̧֣;ƺľ㵹
ǵ¹£Ҳ˼

̵ǵȾƣ㵺ػػʹƽľơ
ӲֹΪΣͻȻЦãعʹ֮ʱ㳢֮

֪ʱɱҲѾͣ£ײװ֮İڷŽ͹ʬףʮˣɱˡ

Ӵһɨĳʬ壬ûи߹ǣɱ˲ܷŹһڡ
ͻȻȥᵶصĴǾʬ壬ֻһҽδȫѾû

ӲˣǲµĵԫhѾûЦ⣬˸ǴҲҳһһľԼ

֪˶ãԫhɷȥһЦЦȴ۵ףλֵܽҹˣҹúϢո·֮ڸϵݣλȾơ

˽һʼʬϲȻʬȫ˺ʮ͹ļˣҲȲǵĹ

ԫhڶ¥װ֮ϣ̧ͷ֮¡
ֵܣ
ֵܵˣʳ

Щ֮ͽҲͬȣ

*
ƫƧСԺûǰʱյĽ֮УȴǼžġ

ԶδϢݻػӣѾ׼Ů;ʱһװ׼λܷ;нð¡

ٱѲʬ޴棬ϱ˴£԰᰸

ӣܣδҵա

޽鲻յǻϢüЦҲɢȥ
˼Ƭ̣еɢȥ
ԭˡ
޷Ѿ֪η
㲻ٲ顣

ӵ˼ǣһ㶣ΪƶջţǴʮɸߣһŮôˤԣܻţ

̯ϵĵͼָٺһ죬ɫһ˿µ
ֻһۣʱİմϤУûж⡣
֪ϤдӺζ
˵ǲЩȴûڶǨŭˡ

ⲻԡ
ȴһ䵭ľŶԿνº͵˵ţˣһ·࣬׼ռ٣ؼҺúĸס
ջؾ

ϲˣҲΪ˲£ִˮŶ֮Св£żĸҲûؼ̽ĸ׵
û뵽Ӿǵˡ
ǰܹҵĴָ

ллʥ

ȥɡ޳ӻ֣˿̱ȥ

ԼڴŵͼãܹʱҲѵõиƬ̼羱Ͻյװž˳ȥ

űߵ֮һٵľŵװɫ붷񣬡ӡ

޽ҹֻһɫۣһͷڷ԰ϡ
ѵۣɫţ֮⣬ӡ

ۣ˽дŸ֮˻ӾҹںӱߵһŻƣһҪ

Ƭ̧̺ʾ⣬ղظޣ׼һռ١

һ㶣ȴȻȥеĺɫҲ֮ȥ

*
͢ذŮڣǰŮڽԱ죬أ۶ţգŮڸеĽպװ磬Ѿ
˵ǰѲͬصĿӾǲ˲ٷ
ʵЩѹġ
һأ񷴶ֵܿ롣
٣½ҹμŮڣʮְȫȫˡ

ҹɫĴȼĴС
ڼյգ׷νκӣﶼƮʻ

ڽϣĿ۵ĶһһƯĻ䣬ⲻɸпҹ˿ࡣ
ɱϴŮգ˻Ҫһֹء

ִżҾ죬ţЦ˷ּذŮڣǻϲ
ŮڲĽգطŮһռݻ

һЦü
Ӿذ£Ǽð֮

ǰûжţӾֶǿӲ˾ӽ£ЩٸŭԣĵطܹϲԴ˵ġ

һ·߹䣬ȴͬӾԼ
ۿžҪߵԼĵص㣬֪ͨӾҪ֪ݣҲûˣӾԼ
ֵֻͬ˵ȥӱߣȥǶƽҹҪĻϲġ
Լڰʱ
ʱͬӾһһյĻơ
ӿʵ˲ù

Žյ֣Ҳӵһϲ

£աֲġ

ˣҶʶ֣һҲϳҲˡ

˷ɵӣֺαͳϻ̳Ͽֵء

Ȱ˵գȥ

δߵӱߣ˵࣬϶ûмյƣΪ֪ҹҪԼȺȥǰˡ
ϻضѾŹһյ

ĴѰӾӰ
Ƴһ۶վںӱߵ

һ㶣ķԸȥȴ
ԣҷҵһߣæȥȴ£ģӱ߶з㲻صġ
Դʼɰ𣬾Ͷ԰ûɫ˿̼ţ״ˣְǱ¡

࣬ȴɫЩģӡ
ǰ޷ֻ̽ͷȥȴߵһλԣͬԷվš

һǾǾ˵µĶˣ
ͷȻ֪˿ֺαǰ˵µ¡

֪뵽ʲôһǲټǰȥѵҵ¶Ƕģ
Ҳ֪Լľٶ˸棬ֻͷԼȻؾԺҪգúЪϢ
*
⽩ֱվſĺ棬ĿбӣȴƳˣƳ˶Ĳ
أϵİأ
ӾҹǲǷˣΪβڣôеĳǰ

Ӿһǲŵֵң㿴ǰ棡ҪǱƼ

֪Ӿһ֪תȫƵòˡ
Ӿͣ£ɻίùõ˼ݳªʾˣ

ⱻĻһҭ˲Լı⣬Ĺĵתͷڲźã߻˼
ÿˣֶÿôһ㣬ȴҲƲòªⲻǽһٵò˲ǣ

վˣ޵ͷҲϻЩʱӾ⣬ҲΪ˿ԵİգʶǴʵۣȻԵõĴ˵˵ЦЦ߹ڵĻ˷ɡ

ʱ˿̣رЩѹͷֻٵһ̲ܷµص

ǹùΪҪװ
΢΢ǣЦɶ⡣
ʵۣǸΣ
Ⱥƣ˭ϳң

ȺЩ룬ӣżͶĿ⣬˹˵ʲô

̧ͷȻˡ
Źȡ

΢΢һ
ӾУŲѷǸĿ

ͷȴԼֿտգգ⣬ѻƸҡ
Ҳ׵
վԭء

̾һĬ֣ȴǶһյ滨ƣδǳɫĻ꿴ȥмֲϽյ֡
׼żԵá

ʲôʱ׼ģֽӹĴŻơ
ֶͶЩСȤ
΢һЦȻؾԺҵùʦúÿķˮô˾أԼ仨գ߳

ûֻûӵȼ˻м
滨Ʊȼɫǳ׵Ļһů⣬ԵƯŵһơƵȫͬ

ֱ׳ʹŴʵۣҪŷ
ˡ
Ӿܴܲһ㣬˵ŷţŷš
Ҫбŷȥͻᱻˮ͵
ȲҪ֡
һûԸ

̻
ŮڣͬԪһ㣬ŮĽա
֪Сùò˵Լ档
ȴǸˣԸ֡
ԭҪһҹƽͬദȴͲסͷķꡣ

һֳѾƯںϵĻƣһ⧲֣˵ֵ˻֮ϣϽԸ

ӾûûС
ȴѹסеĲڣû

ʼ˼ӦʲôԸ
յƲССһյܳضԸƮԶأ

һյʱ䣬޳û

ȴյ˫ۣ峺ˮܹһ۾Ϳ

䭣кöԸô죿

ûѵѵһأֻǻҵԸ㡣

ʵʵϿ滨ơ
пʼдʡ
˵Ļ顣
䲻ǻͽҲμŮڣ뻨Ե
ԸԸ
һԸĸ׾ɼȬꡣ
Ը̩񰲣հӣ
ԸٵüҲѰ绨

û˵꣬ȴ滨Ѿ˳ˮƮԶôˣԸûء

ûƮߵʼٸ˿ţȻӦһû˵̫̰ģ㲻ʵԸ

żȥ̣ǻȴѾƮ˸Զĵط۵ĲУҲͻȻͷأǹģ

޳Ĭһ˲ͻȻȻЦһ£ù˵ûҾǹġ
ʱˡ

ͷŭ㣡
ȴײ˫ֻװӰ֮С
ϲŭֶɼ
΢΢һȴһɻ̿֡
ԣ
һ򴽣ϵˮҿԼĻţʮִȣˣùõģĶǰͷԸҲ͹ˡ

һҪȥأɲȥ˶ĵطϽȥҲ
ɳǰ˻ֵȴǲȥǰ˵˫

תߡ

˵ҲһԸ
ùòһ

͵ס˶䣬ңʲôãֲǻ񣬲ܰʵԸ
ֻҪӾ˵ʲôȥܡ

ƫ˵ǸɽˮĶ

ҵԸϣ㲻ҵĹùá





47.  ʮ   һ̫ ס

˫Ŷ, Լ࣬ƿҪ⸱ɹѪ
һ̣תȥŭӾ, ΪСͲѵĴ
, ԽһжΪӾֻں֡
ֱӵû仰, ̾, ӾҲס
ƱӾʩ˷, ڴ˴, ǧصס, ˿ܶ

Դץס˿㲦ɼӵ, Կһ쿪ʼװԼ, ѡӱܡ
룬Ǵװ, ԭ״, Ҳܺ
Ǵʱ˿̣, ӱôܻء 

Ӿԣǳĸ, ϱ˶Ҫˡ
гһգᳳ춼ˡ
Ҳûһ죬Ӿ, ôĳ
ҲԸ
ϣҪȥҵһӾأ

ҲĬͺѾȥ
֪Ӿ϶վԭ
˫ۣһϣǴ嵭Ŀܹס궯ġ
Ҫ侲ҪţѾǸʮ
һԴӾǿµģԽԼԨͷ

ս꣬ջþڴֿɼ

ްվš

һ֮ʱԣƣŽЦֻʻӰʱһ˲룬Ҳ޽ԲŻڼ֮еĻ档

ʮĶΪʱܹһ鶯ġʻӰԡ

룬ڤڤ֮вܣԲļ䣬ͣǶ޾Ķʱ
ѩ׷ʱƫƫҪѧ鱾Ͽ̤ѩѰ÷գ䷳Ѱһƥ߳ɽѩصӵǰͬһƥűѧǵּСԿ֦Ҷǰߡ

ѩɫããأҲңһ̣ǾԶǰĻͷ
ǷһֱȥֻǴּС߹ҰѰľ֮س÷
ͱ֮ϡ
ǰУǷǡ

ԺֻĬĬվںڰӲ֮ͬУѡҪһķ･ֻԵˡ
Ϊ˱ˣǻϲǳᡣ
ҵ˴ֻһˡ
ʡҪԵͷ˸˱
һӵ£ֻӵһˣγ׾١
ݡ
׵ľͽԣԶԡ
ֻһˡ

գƻ
ԱޣǶϲΣĻϲڴż޸һˡ
գվڳ¥ֽ֮ϣǴСŵƹҲʣͼ޵ϲ֣ǶϲΣԽԽԶ

룬ҲãٻסͬһǣʱǰһĽϲŭ֣޸ķ

Ҳ㹻ˡ

ǣ˴˳⡣
ѹв˵ͷҲܹ׵ĽŪڹ֮С

ˡ

һѰ
Ъ糯Դիպһյ裬ֱ߻һ顣

Դ볤޽⴦ի
˸ҲͨԴ롣

ײµððʧʧĴǼ꣬׻֪ƫţĵȳɢȥܽ
ǻϲͬ˵Щʲô

գ֪ƢԵŶãֱŶ룬޵Ĺڵϣ£Ծ˰
üͷҪǳ
ȴʧǰ

Ŷ󣬲ʮͷ͡Ǹֻ̰С
ǰղ˵Ҫȥ棬ȴԾǰѰһ
ʲôһ޷ѵķ£

˶֪ڱء

ʢʮһա
ʢʮһԺɱ˺ܶˣЩԨйصˣǰ޲ʹˡźڡ
ȴܲѩ޵ĳ⡣
ЩƺѰ֡

޶Ѱҡס
ֱһ죬ץסһˣ˿ȻȻ˵ࡣ
ΪҪѰ
ΪβԼ
Ըץס㾹Ȼ׹ùã˸ٳİѱΪ˳ЦĻ
ǵȻֻʣһ·
ҪΪ㻹Ǹ߸ϣ˾ĳʱ£

ͷſЦЦƽϢսңסĽɽΣ
˵ףԶʧȥ 

ԭǸս·ס

˻ڷЦǸˣһǺһԭΪ׼ʴǶҩһڷ˰籽Լ
˱Ϊң⣬Ҫһԧ졣
Ǿ׵˼֪ˡ
û뵽Ϊز

ߵǼ䷿ݣɫ߰籸С¿࣬뷽跨ܡ

ס
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ն߽ţɱɱ

ȴʢ꣬СùʻվԶĵط
֮ɼ

ѾһӣȻվԭأûߡ

ıǹһ˿ŹֵЦ⡣

еˣҪ

ʱ˿̣ڵҹץסһ˿⣬Ҳٷ֡
Щѹֵ겻յͷһ̣ͷš

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㵽֪֪˵ʲô

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ԲŻ֪Ƕʱѡˡ
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Ǿңʵ˵ڡ
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Сһֱվͻ֣¡
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æϽϳúÿĹɶˣǻؾԺ󣬾ɩɩΪѡ󣬴ôĺùܻһϲĹ

ʱ֪ڵ뷨жôԡ

ȴһ޵ĴЩơ
ȷֻ֣ûС
дΣװһѮĲ
ϺÿĹкܶ࣬ȴ࿴һۡ

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Ȼž

Ĵȵĺ̲סЩҲջ֡

̾һ
Σ
ƫƫֻ㡣

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һǰЩӾ
ֻ¶üۣҹɫ˫ӳѤ̻±˵

һ㶣ӾЩʲô

ȴ룬˫¶ЩĲ̣ȴת˲š
Ҳеİ䭡
֮䲢ûѪԵϵ

Լ֪΢󣬡Ҫף˶ܳΪѡΪ˲ң

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ɫȻǲ̣ȴҲ֣µĻ˿ڡ

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޵ǻԺʹȡ֣ȴҲӲĴ

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䭣㲻ΪĻĵͷͬҺ˵˵
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ԳһЦʲôʱҲʯĳĴˡ
ǰ˷ܲסҪ˵ĲʵȴûаҪͣ˼
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游ȴ֪Ӻδ㣬ӤƻĸһŮ
ĸֻĿ˻ͷŹ˹Źء

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ȥҪסȴһƿ

ĶԼӿ֣ôһ˲䣬и
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Сʱ̰˻ĸԣƼ
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游״ôңֻͬ˵˭Ҳ˵
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⻹ǲţ˵
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ǣеһжס
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أءҳ˷϶ﺦ½ҹϡ
Ĺңӿ϶ҲС

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̫һƼĽˣ
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ԸûһأȴҲ̫ǣֻǿջЦɩɩģҽѾˣֻ̫ҽҰһأ·̫ˣԲ˯ãԲˡ

˵Բ̫ȴ
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48.  ʮ   ú

ǰ, ֪̫ʣʱеߵꡣ
ʳ̫֪֪, ܵõһ
˲һ˿ϣ
򴽣װĵĿڣ̫, ɻǵʮǰҸճʱģ

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үԵµĵ, ϲʤһֱϳȾ, ˼գΪ¶

̫˿֪ĳ

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ձȥеݽΡ
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һţһ˵˽յİţȥ̫̹Σʱ䣬ȥһ˰˱իԶЩ±

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һϲæǵ¿ɻȥط䣬ˣϿˡ

ȴǵȻҡҡͷһűīһߵˣȻҪæʰء

鲻⣬ҪȥĶ

һЦȥۣҪͬĸһ
ǻ֪
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кܳʱ䣬ȥѰࡣ
Ѿûжʱĸˡ

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סҲʱ̲סͬĸԹ̫ˣΪξͲܽ۹ڹأ
ĸֻͬЦЦ˵徻徻ĵطˣҲ徻ˡ

Щˡ
ղҪһ徻֮أ

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̫޶ۣЩĽ̵ңȴ͵

Ҳ֪ĹΣңʱݲܹǲҪź
Ҳվͻ̣ǰۣĸ
Ҳ飬¹ˡ

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ͷĸװ԰˱ի±ʱ⣬ҪԶһء
ֻϧԴǸ⣬Ĳʱ򣬱ɵ±ȫȥˡ

жİ¬ڣ֪Ҽ˭

æס¬Ϊѵҡ
ЩȻϧûܶ±ȴҲԸˡ

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Ȼˣǡ
뵽ˣַԸʰʱ򣬿ǧҪǵý±ĲģӶװϡ

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˵ϸݣλ
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ԣǲɽӣҲǿ󡣡
ھͿԸңһڹ

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æǰĶĶ

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ͷȴҲû˵ʲô
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ŹʰĶڶձ㾪̫
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ЦǺǵ̫ĸ˵룬϶أȥܹǻϲǡ
вϲԵĸĸأ
ƶܳɩɩˣɩɩҲҪ塣

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̫һôСûпƺ쳾ͷ

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ɽϣ򱾾뾩Զ
ݣŹﶼСĺǻŲŻǵۣѾʼú䣬ͻ
ΪܻȥҲܴϡ

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ǡ

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˿ԣСĻش𣬡½δţⲻԭⲻ˻ŷ

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49.  ʮ   ɵɶͯ

̫̫ʮж, Ѱ͵ϸˣӦϲ֣סں쳾, ÿŶﻷϥ£ϵӹ˳

ֻ̫̫סţÿŵңңɽ, ޵ĵĵʿȲҩ, ľ
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Цɽ֮ʱ֪ˣȻȻˡ



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ƺķ֮£˿Ҳ˶ա
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۵ʱѾҹ֮ˣֻǼ򵥵ʰһظԵùϵȲȷϴ͸Ъˡ
徻֮أҲš

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ʮ̨ף˵һεĵ

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Ϊ֪ɽ࣬ԭǲǸڴˣɼȻˣҲҪúԲŶԡ

⻰΢΢һ㶣йգת˲š

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ͬСͯʶģʵԵΪɨء
Ե̧ͷǰһСϣɻȴҲ˫񣬡𡣡

ʦ˵гԷɨأɨɾΪֹ

СͯǵһִƽɵĵӣȻɨأǱضǷ˴롣
һ룬Сͯòȥɽͷ׽ˣ

ԵСһ죬Ե鼫ˣȴǷҲûȥ׽ӡ
ڵ㣬һֻܽʦĵȥС߷̨ʦĵ˵ЩЩۡ
ʦңΪʲôҪȥӡ
˵͵ԣʦͷҡ
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пʦ̫ˣֻɨء
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͵ʱƤҲûзŻչӡ
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ڵǰ㣬˵һӻлЩӶĸչˡһɫǻ磬ĸ˯š

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ģȥһԵǽ
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˫ڶһڵ۾Ŀܣᳵ·һ·š
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ֻӣÿ͵Զ
ʦֻӾͰˣȻֻ

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£˺žɽæֹ

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Եæͷû
飬ڹеţѰ˵ȥɽȥˡ
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ȥǶпÿվһ۾ƼԵȥܹԼͷĶ

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ǣŻ۵ĵһգԼԼҪеĴԡ

Ϊ̫̫רİŰ⣬Ǿ̵ǳӣˡ
̫̫ţޣζ
⻹Ҫȴֹ̫̫סһţҲˡ

öһ㶫ЩǰԵġЦеĽǹȫڳźá
أһ˼±ģӣѽڵǰ±
˸Ůװֵģϲġ


߶߶˵顣
ĵҪܹһ£뵽̫̫о͵ء
ҲԸŮ˵ɽµļš

ʱˣҩι

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ӲͷƤĹ̼ԵᣬֵǶãԶʱˣˣܻعˣΪۣΪõ

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ͷһö˶˵ģĸôᵽ֡

䭶ˡ̫̫Ƽûףһء

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һλĸ֪Щʲô̽ء
˵԰˵ĸһ
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ֳˣ

ⶼһ鲻ѣе¡
ÿ춼дĳ£ʱ䶼٣һ˵
ĸġ

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ԺͷɢһȦЩۣɢ˷ϣ⺢ӣǰҸǰʱҪ䭶״
ǴСһҲպ밢һ

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̫̫ȴҲֻ˵һ䣬۳˯ȥ

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ԵϽͣҲιǣҾͽӵĸԼȥ񡣡

⣺Сͯûԣȴ̫ˣô鷳Ĵӡ

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Ҳ˵ССͯԵȴɽȹôӴ

ԵعֵĿڵıʩ

ôˣ 

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һ㶣ӦԵȻ˵СԵԺɱҸóԵĸˡ
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ȥʱʿǽǵȻףСͯаĺܣ˽ԵҲһ

͵Űɣʦٷ㣬ҿ϶ˡƲתҪߡ
ԵæС¨Ͻ׷ȥȵѽ
Ҹոռ񽬹˺üަҲζ˼ҿ϶ȣҪҪûȥ
˼ָ̫̫

Ķųأަ

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ӵĽӣҰ޵ע⡣

Ե󺰣ˣ϶ɵӱ۸ˣҪȥæ

ĺ죬֪ʲô͸ȥŲ㱻߻ġ

ȥʦȥơ

ԵԲ۾ͬʩˣ





50.  ʮ   ί

ɽϹһѮ, ÿ̤ź̲סһ£峿ĺҹ¶, ʵĲС

䰡ɽϾǲһٹЩʱ, ֻҪѩˡԶɽип, ⶼûйء

ĶضǼġ
վֱš

˲߹, ҹͻȻ, æޱ, һ˹Ĵ, £, ҪõޱЩˡ

ɫҪˡ
嶼Ҫɽһ, ҲôЩǡ

򴽣ϸһ, и, ͰɽǴһЩ, ܹб޻

áһЦʮæȥֺͳ

ֻס, Щ״ŵĹӡ
ɽͷԷĽӹ˶ùƣ룬ƫƫææ, æĲֺ
մҹæһֻͨ˯һʱȴ˿ƣæŲ֮¡
⿴ıӰɵøпҪһľ״Ԫˡ

Ҫ̨ϵճʱڱﲻסˣ£ӽܲɽæ򣿡
ɽϹһѮʮ꣬ʵЩסˡ
һȥһľͿʼ궯

Ķ鱻͢źʱһι˿꣬ܽ͵СѾͷҲͬһߵĴ

¡Щ飬ϽΪԼҽڣӾҪæ

ջĿ⣬ǰߣǶΪΣ׼ȥˣۼҪˣɲ̰档
ϲǣˡ˵㻶ϲϲȥѰɽͷһ
¨ܾ˹Ҫе˼Բ̨ȥˡ

ͣεĵʿǡ
ᳵ·ĽƼǰϣŸڤ˼Сͯ

ȼһ㣬Թ£ʼСͯƵǲִˡ

ˣͷ

ҲӦȥֻιʳҪȻҲᱻΧҺ

ȺСûס

СӵĽ

⿴˿СֿͯСͯǰƾɵĵ۷ƳɵСѣͷſֻ·ֻȥСӣͬ೤ö࣬һһ꣬ЩСӲܳ꣬뿪ĸ׶

ǰգԵĴ󷢣ժ˰뱳¨ĽǰȥͶιһңû뵽ɽҰȺˣҲ֪ǲʳѰǺĲ̣Ƕһҡ
ֻĴΪ˻סǣͬսһȵʿǸȥæʱϱץ˺üطȣҲȲˡ

ֻС·ߣҰ棿
޷ֻȫص
ԵͶι֮ʣֻСӱ㱻һСͽԼ

ССͣû

Ŀ¶̣ͷǴԸȥ룬ֻҪӱܵܣӿͷ
ûʹĸ󣬹顣
˺ܶǱĿԡ
ʽ
϶ĸ
Щˣ
ΪսΪֱӲҪԽˣԸʲܽؼҡ

ȥʮ꣬йܣҲһ

ûбʱǲҲֻͬСһ㣬¿ʱεأֲ֪أ

СͯȥССӣܸǵף

һ٣ûгЦ棬Ỻģܺúչǳͬǵ׮

һһСֻСӣŸ¡

ɽԺڼ˾ΥּУ黶ϲǳ˲ʱ䣬˵һҪȥ䣬ŴϣǮĴš

˴գСпȥ֮һ飬ŴСæϻţͬ˻ϡ

մɽǳľȸһڳǺ«Ц㶼ˣ졣
⣬ȳòóԣɽģҲ֪ºʱ׼ɽ
ȸҲĥ⣬һһߵôɽϴסˣ
ͬᣬͬദ꣬һ϶㣬ߡ

ɫ΢䡣

ȸû˵װѾϣкһ̸ϻعУҪǰȥ

˴ָѬϿ˿ȥҩһߵˣͷˡ
̫̫һأ񲻱պãȽûںϵĴϣϸűϻһֻСѬһأŵ磬дѩҲһ
еҲ֪䭶аš

ĸŮ˾ںţСϣӾЩź

ﶼ˵Щʲô̫̫񲻼ãŶ뿴ֻۣר

˵һţĸдģе겻ʱɽ

ĸˣȽҲ㣬ͬдţɽ·ɽҼ⣬͹ˡ

ͷС
ȥڶţڶȴǹ̫дģճʹ̫̫壬ָЩİš
һ٣ͷдţ̫һɽ̫̫ȹ

ᵽޣЩ񣬿̫Ҳ֪޵Ĳ飬˵Ѿˡ
ﶼһ

еţѾ𿪶⿪ʼ̫̫˼д˻š
д꣬ȥ˳ǰЩͻؾ
ȸͷǣְ̡
дͳĿԣҲٷԸתͻ˷

ľ̿¹պƼȸҪǰѯʣҪʲô
һؾһš

ŵͷľ̿ߵ˷ţ£ǰ̿

ɡд˻ش֮

ʹͷһС¨ľ̿ƿ˽ȥ
ǰԶƲ̫̫ĲݣȴҲԷͣؿ
ˣ̫̫ôȴ֢ò⡣

ľ̿СԸ飬ȥͬ˵һǼԺʰѬѬѬʪõʱɩɩͱˣסų

æӦǣȥ졣

ɽʱĻȴҲһתۣӽѽڡ
۵ĵʿǣ׼ǷˣĽ㲻ʲô

ã̫ӹҲҲԺ߶ʱһ˽±Ĳ׼ãҪԸ±
Ѿ̹ɫĳˣ±޷Ǿ棬ͻйʰ
жѡ
ֻææµµһգԼմȾۣǵ̫̫󿪻һЦ⣬޽ȡ
ĵķַųȥԼȥϴ
סĵط̫̫סĵطһСɽ·

ճԺţңңıƼһλӰɽϡ
Ϊ㵵ԭôҲû뵽Էһǰ

ǵӰһ٣Ƽ
أ㶼ûˡ
תǰԷѾǰ

δԷ湫ӣ΢΢һЦüҲʢºЦ⣬̧Ҿ
ˣջ˭

һǵۣҲ񡣡

ôһˣƫͷȥջǿһˣ档
ˣȴ̫󣬻޵Ӱ

ջ̧ͷʱ΢΢㵣ȴصδһ
ŵͷҲ˵ʧ˿
ȴּջһ°׵ĸɾմ˻ҳ

ڵһ¾ͺˣոռջд㵣Լǳϴģа׻ңŶඪ˰
æӹϸһ߽ͣҷ±أˣԳ

áջ΢΢һЦ

˵䣬ûƼиСͯɽ
Сͯһ߽ͷʡ

λʩ˭
Եϸ˿ջȻ򣬡֪ˣλǹ

æסԵ
СͯôͲ֪ɿ࣬
ԭ֪ջ˼òͬջάŴǰһꡣ
Եһôçײ

ջҲһ㶡

ԵͷɻҿԭǰϻɽΪ𣿡
λʩÿ

Ųҵű֣ýһĸݺһԵԴ˵

Եæʼܣ֪ˣ֪ˣλʩͬʩһǹ
Ϊιȥȹǳء
һŭ
˴˭ҲûƼջɫ΢΢ȥ

ʰԵһأĲȥջ۾Ͻĸ˿ţضǻϲġ
ȥ¡

˵⻰Եĺӣæ뿪

ջԶջĿ⣬ѾǰǰȥһֵĲ̫̫Ժӡ

ҪߵԸԺӣ֣СͯԵö˶˵ʲô
ʦͶԵһ٣ҲգֻԼС¨򿪸һ¨ަ

ͷ۵ĺܣСͯһͽ¡
Ҹ㣬ղλʩ֣𣿡

»һѣϴɾϣߵ⣬ͷ˵

ĸǿɻã̫̫Сﻹǻϲġ

ĸӹӲʣֻڼϢлǵóŽɽ밲ջԵĻŻ
ɽĶͲ࣬ĽѾСϣһţ˺˲ΣݣӦвͷˡ
ĸĴѰãѰõһ˲ΣƢθкô

̫̫Ȼˣסߣҽշˣͬ˵˵н
ջԭ˶̫̫󣬱ظϾｫλҲҪˣһˣڴͣЩ롣
̫̫˵룬ȴӦǡ

Ҫסգ
̲סջ˾ҪȥĽŲ
ﲻȹйض࣬ܳջ

ƶ⣿ƫ̫֪ͷš
ǡҲ㲻ֻ˽ȥ

˵ڶգվҪϹΣҿûƼջӰֻǸΣԵ̽ͷ̽ڵȺ򣬼ҪˣȲͬ˵С

ⲻ棬ʲôѲֽǱ㱻ȥͬ˵ˣ㲻ܱһ˯ѹô죿

Եżæţһ˫۴ߴһȥɺÿ
ţƵĳҰСǵӷȥˡ
̤ȥջľһĹߣôһ߳εľͷСӡ

ȾҪߣԵѾĵı¶ʩСա

ջعЦЦ

ҲӲˣֻӲͷƤǰȥԵ㣬æ

ԵĽţŲأʩһвΰݣպҳСҳԵģֻСһ˳ʩײˣʩ˵԰æСѷҷҲܹϣǾͲܵˡ

ջСӵι̶̳ȣᱻ괵ŵˡ

ԵΧű˻ߵСľݣתȦ˸߲ҵջٰܲһѣСľݰķ

Ųˣʦֻ󣬰㲻ͺˡСͯҲ̫֧ʹˡ

ԵҲգһЦðɣնлʩæҴҪȥɽɽˣʩһҪ

ıȥСǱջһأЩСһ˴£һȦ߶ˣϲԵȥõץ

һͽˣԵͬǶ˵
ջ֣߸˵˵𣬡ʩסǾˡ
һҲվ⣬ͬջִһ񣬡Сͽ֪ʩ¡

޷֮ͰˡջҲһ

ʣǶˣɴȥһץű߻ƵСӣһ߽͵ԵСûɽţǱ֮أѰҲӴͣûʲôͷˣ˾Щ

ֻСڵԣֱûӸеСµıԣܲˡ
ջ§һֻͣҧѥӵСһԴ̾һڹԵˡ

һæУҲʶԵãʶֶˡ
ԵһأҲջǺӲǲֻ֪ǲ顣

ջרעĿ빫ʶҲʮˡ
ڹϵˣ

Ȼû룬ֱӻص

ջ¶˾ġ

ջһ˲¶˾ģڣһ£Ҫ

ǻûУȴͷٵĽŲϣ˵𣬡£ιȥˣȥһˡ

ﻹ˼ȥջ˵Щʲôͳȥ
ջԭأֻСӱõСľ̾˿ԳһЦǲа
׷ȥ

̫̫סԺӣ˿̼Ϊֻ߶΢Ų

Ϣӵһӣ֡
͵ȵĲˣ˿ѹæʣҰôͻȻιȥ⼸ת

Ŀ¶ɻ󣬡Ҳ֪̫̫󼱻Ϊ𣿡

ϸϸ˻أû˿ͷջúõģҲӹлв֪˺¡

Ƭ̣ŵʿĲֻ£úңһźá
ȿƽľҩ

˹ţջվڷš
Ĳɻã
һᣬͻȻͺۿ





51.  ʮһ   · 

һͬ˹, 䣬һ˫ʣ۽Ƿź, ȴҲûеᡣԭǸܱίˣȴջǰסӿļᡣ

ջɫҲʮأѾд״ҹ·ȥС

л㡣һķŶᵽɤ, ȫû뵽ҪϽϢ͵С

ȴǵȻһЦ볼, лǳ֮°ˡ

ǰһӷͷ, ŪСǵ鵴Ȼ޴, һֻŽĸ
ջǸ, ڴ˶, Ҫܸ߳

ҵĵͷ, л㣬㳯̫̫Ժȥˡ

ջվԭ, ĿԶȥһü, ȴ
ǵ, Ҫ
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ʲô, ĸ󶯵ģ벻ף, ĸʮֲַҪ˼ܹҲŶž۵ģҲ˲١

վһ, ˮδɣūҲ֪
ܣȴ˽ĸ󵽵׼˺ˣ˵ʲôԭԭĸ
һں¡

ڴԣס̫̫֣һҪ¶۾죬ȴǿδ¡
һͻȻкء
Ҳ֪Լô᲻ˣͻȻͳĹǣԽѹʱԽ˿Ըǰ¶֮ɫ
ֿͷɫѾ£ڴ飬һѾüʱȰοţ˵ˣùҩҹǾͻѹūţȥŰա

ֳʹɫҲȰţ£һգδۡ
⻰˵ʵڡ

ڱ˵ȥ
ѬҪͷů̫࣬ǻƻˮʵЩ䡣
һҲ֪ģѹġ

״æҲѰɣҹˣʵЩ䡣

ҹҾסĸУð齫춼ȴû˼£ֻߵŵƫﰲţǸʲôζҲȫûг

Ը飬УֻѾͷҲ֪ôͷ˸ȣոջǰӺһͨѵطϢȥˡ
ҲǷңѾͷ˵ܲɽӣҪڹУ䣬Է뿪ʹָ

ɰȴǸ
ԺջãǾ۵ӿһձһջҪ࣬ͻԾ˼ÿÿҪɽʱǻز룬ѰʱҲܴڽͷȥ۵СͯԵĻҪء
ұȴǰû˹ء
Ҫ˵ɽϣԶţڹɭϵĻʹ࣬ʲôأ

ſӵһ٣û˿θڣκŵȻˣͺðţûҵķԸš
УðŴɽһˣȥͬسǧ˽Ųе˶סںδ˭ӴҪš

⻰мֹ죬һ˹Ĳϡ
⻰ôǹػ飬ھŰ飬ٳ
ôֺ˹

ûθڣ꣬ƣķԸȥɡ

ͷûٶ˵ʲôתȥˡ

еɽɽƽطԺǴ޽СͷԺȥ
հŲֵ϶ڷϢ
ɽ·ϻѲߵͣ½Ųͬк

ߵ˰סĵطҪȥˣҪѲߣԺоĵģЩڣôûѲߵҲͨһ

Žյķţ¶˾ģǰߵš

ű˴ͷˮӳĳ\\˾׳ǰЩ̺ۣ¿ܼȳƵļ

ڵһ£ͨ죬æȥ˵Ҳʼͣ㣬ô·ţǿʲô

ҲǾδ˶æסؿڣȴȸ״ĿǸòУֻԩ˭ԡʱ򣬴ѣ
ҲҾΪǾȸҡ

ûôĹ˶ˣѹͷһϴ裬Ҳǳе£뵽ô˻

Ȼ˵˵ȥ̫ðʧЩҪ·ҲڻƼŵ

Ͻϣ·Ըʹҡͷ뽫ȫȻ

ѣֻͷδɣڼϣ˵ɣʲô¡

Ҳ̧ͷֻƼ˫ǰĵϣεδˮ£ʪһƬ
Ժͷ֮ȥ
ּֿķԸ˵
Ҽʶǳ֪Ϊ˷Ը״µ˳ɽ߶˽һ¾ͽ״ˡ
ʹͷҵĵһǡ

ǵģⱲӶڰǰˡ

ץźͷϵˮ飬䷺컹δȥȴǸ̾ǹˣһ˵˻û˵أᱡһ㡣
ңѵ㲻Ŀ
񿴼˹
˦˦ɫ
鰡
ߵŮЩʱ泤һɽףǻ͵ȥ֣ȸͬ˵Ρ
ǵߵˣ֪͵ְҲû
Ըǲʲô
飬⡣
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⽫Ըı˴µĺϣطһ̧۱ƼϵĶҲ˯⣬ֻǷ˷٣˺ͷڴߡ
ҪԲʣǸֽĴҲܸܵ¹

Ȱ»ǻط˯ɣܹ˯Ų
ƴӳ˼ѣûµģҹĸҲȥϢɣæһգҲˡ
¶ǲĸѹҲް֮ʱ

˵䣬Ŀ
˽һ⴩Ь㳯

̫̫԰һͣؿţŲҪţ
˲һڣŻָۿ⣬ƶ

ڡ

һ¶һյĵǣǶĴ

̫̫󵽵곤ˣƽԸƼȳȥ
ֽѬ̿ӦǱ߳ȥĸŮ˵

ƶδ֮أ̫̫סŮ֣ǴȰ˺ƽ
꣬ǰԲ¶ǲԸᱳ㡣
ǱֻڣɲΪʹѰ

ʵڳƲϺã˽̫У

ûµġ̫̫ḧԴο
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˹ЩƸɺԣҪˮеˮȴѾյģһˮûˡ
ֻ׼ˮȥЩˮ
տ˷ţȴһ¡
ŭ̧ͷõ֮Ǿȸȸʲôʵڲڿʵĺܡ

ʲôˮȥһʹڷžˡȸЦԵͷҪȥðеˮ
û뵽ŭ־ֵĴ󺰣ʲô
Ҫȥҵ״ǡ

ȸЦеˣ·Ըﲡ˾ͺڷϢûеµ䣬Ķȥ
㻹ǽȥɣҪʲôʲôֻܸңһ
⻹δ˵Ҫδð飬ȸҲ

ȴ鲻ģҪȥҲţҪ¡

ȸɲҪƲԳԷơ
Լʲôѵ
ȻΪҪ㿴

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ǻڵϣʹΪԼ£˵Ļס

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ץסۣʼͣزӣ¿ִ
Ӽûס˼ң˵
Ҳû뵽ܲסιȥ
д֮ʧˡ

޵˵ÿһ仰©˵Ϊ̫

۶ʧ꣬ǲǴû
һһ
£ûСҪȥץȹߣһܿ

˱۾Լ侲ϽһУһῴôķϣĹ

ȥɽЩʲô㻹˵𣿡

Ȼ̧ͷ˫Ƿߺޣƫû˴ǰ洿ɱңֱɱ˱ǣαضʡ
ʲô֪ˣ𣿡
ⱻһ˲䡣
ȴ鲻˷ӦҪԲײ
ȸۼֿ죬סǵֻ˰ϵһƤȸжǣȥҧԾ

̣ûͷˣȴտ˳ŵѾͷѵĳ

ȸˣССѾͷʵǲСô¡
ѹס£δ

ѾȥԼѹȹѺѰ

ʡΣҪһס

Ź۵ĹǽǾδζ벻ᱻ¸Ѻ

Ҳûϵ飬˵˰
빬ʱ꣬͢ѧһĹغŹȱˣ͢ѡһСŮõѡ
µʱһŵһѾͷŹ˶ȹŮ

Ĭš

ʱ͢ҲʱҾƶʱĸ˫岮չˣ岮Ҳˣ㽫˹С
׵ģҲ

˵ˣɫû˶в֪д˼١͢Ϊһ£ʧأѡʱЩûнŹ

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аһձһոߣɽҲ̰Щ

ջ˵һ仰ڴߣӵΪ֮֮
Щ˸ԸΪ˳Ϊ˳δĺͼΰҵн

ıˣʹ޶Ը֮һڱ¶Է١

ǡ
ҲǡǰŰҪײĳ棬Ц

Ϊ𶯣µ˼Ҳǳˡ

ؽţȥдˣÿɽȥһ跻
ӣӲ跻ȥЩ졣

سǹٱǰȥѲǼ跻ʱ跻ϰɱ޶֤

ǺۿȴҲûޣ˵Ǻ⣿

Ϊ˰顣
գ£ڹдɱһУ԰ͬˡ
ЩӵˣмѪɺӵĳ档
ԹųܿܣȻʧˣҲЩ׷ˣΪλġ

ȴѾȻһ߰ɣȥ
󣬳ǼѺŰķȥ

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⵭Ȼء

ʩôûɽͬ˼һžۣԵ档

һͣƬ̷ŵ£ˡ
񳿾˼޲ǰ۹ˡ

ʩʲô£Եƶ׷š

СӼҼңһ쵽úõΣôʲôͷ

ԵԴ۾ɻ󣬡ʲô飬һž۸Ҫģ
ʦ˵ҲΣҪָһٷء

Եзֻ֮࣬Ȼбž۸Ҫ¡

ðɣ˹ԺڿޣȥʦŲԵֵǲǱʩԵºģ

տ޵ĵȻԼȴСͷ̧ԴˣˣСС;ͲôģСͷһ

һɨȴջ֪ʱվ̨¡

ջһЦҾ¡

æãʵôδߣ
վˣջǽղ·ȥ϶ĸˡ
ʱĸջ̻ؾĪյ

ջֻ֮ǰµ𡣡

ԵʵῴΧ̨ףץסջ֣ᣬʩҪ뿪»ʲôʱ

ջԴȴеݸһǸӱѣΩΩФԵ󺰣ۣ͸ҵ𣿡
лʩ
ջӦһ̧ͷ⡣
֪ģ˴ջͬΪҪò

ջһЦ֮Ǹ˵ռɡ

ջ絭һ˵֮ԣ£󣬳ҪϣԴһ𣬲֪ʱղ
Ϊھͣá

ͻȻЩɿʵĴͻȻ

أҪúõͬջ





52.  ʮ   


һ˻֮¡
رվ, ȴҪֱ

Եȴʲôֻеõѵϲǳֻ, ѵ淨˫һ꣬Ϳ𽥷ɸ, ǽŷ磬ڵȥκεط
Ե˷ܵĴ, ˣˣ
С̫ͯ۲ˡ
û, ˴СԴ, , ȥ, ҺʩлҪ˵
ԵƢãѾͳɽ, ̨ܹףת, ʩһҪȵң˵⻰, Сȼϡ

СӡΪ˳
˻ֱ𶼲֪ʲô˼, ˸߲أ
СӣŻôǵʱ

תͷջվ̨
ĿºͶרע, ̲סƿĿ⣬һ߳, һߵԵҪȥһ񡣡

ջ΢΢һЦԵСʦеģպһλ޳ɴĵ

⻹ͷһ˿Եеġ
ⲻ, ôƳеˣ
ߵջǰͣ£ҾֻСӲࡣǰ棬гһӱ֮أҲս𸲸ǣָǺá

ջ˼һݸһЦֱ

һ㶣תҲЦʲôʱѧ˵Ц
ãӲջ˵ֱһʵĻ

˶ЦЦЦţǴ˿Ҫġ
˾ͷȥմȾǳ
΢մȾ˷ǰϣΪԫh𣿡

ջͷݳսڲ໢غһˮţԫh֪ͬ˽йᣬ˵ֱʡ

ԫh˼ݷһĶࡣ
ջֹǰλźСŮϸ
ԫhĲõж룬˲

Ҳ˰顣
鱻ѺСԺС
ûа취飬ȴҲܷɡ

пһжã
Уûа취뵽ޡ
ʹֶԼˣֶȴţֻǰ
ǲδȬΪòأ
Ҳ֪ûкúóҩܲʱ䡣

СջͣһϢһжãֻǱλйԱλˣΣԱ΢ʡ

ҧҧֶ߹Σķ

ջ֪пڵǣ㰲ο²̫ġ

͵ѹæ˭˵ڵˡ

Щˡ
˫ǲŹâ
˷ȥϣ϶翭ġ
ƫ˵𡣡
˵ĺɡ

ջ˺ôſסͷ游ѸߣҴر֮أԸϡ
˵𣬺Ҳûв
뾩ǧԶ
мǧɽˮе
۴Ķ̶գڽԼ˿Ӯǰ˵İ⡣
Щδ˵ڵĻҲҺû˵

һ֧ݵ£ͷŴǳңԵֻ֧ǰףص

Ŀ⣬ϣȴѹЩ
ͻȻͿİ⡣
Żһۣա
ʵΪҪͬ

ֻúЩɬջ
֪ջ⣬ȴһֱװ֪

ջҪ˵ʲôϡ
Ʋˣ΢΢һЦ²ضԡ
жס
Щ£˵
˵ףҲֻˡ
ǰ׷ʲôҲȥ׷

ջͻؿһҪһۼǲҲܻģȥһ𣬳Ը´ƽϲ֣޲֣ٵˡ

ﲢܡ

Ե˹ţ̨ϱܳ£лһСɰջתˣһһߴ󺰣ʩ

ⱳȥĲ˲Լ۽ǣɣ϶ʦΪдһƽ

𣿡ջЦ۵ķ顣

ԵѾܵǶǰ֣µĽеĲɫɰ˫ֳϣʦ˵ǳˣҲҪ񡣡
ʦΪʩдƽʩĪ
ܵĺܿ죬Сͨ죬ͷ϶Ǻ飬ڵ˫Ǵ档

ջӹлԵСʦСʦĳҲлһ

ȴһ׮£г죬ڿǣҵ̣ǰԶ
ѵͬ𣬡£ء

һŬǣҲǣȥһء

ջɽСԽԽԶڷ˻ӱ֡
˳Ժڲͣ˸𣬻ǽнԶ

ԵҲ֣ͷȻðһ䣬ʩһϲ㡣
죬ЦſĿת

˭ûдƵ飬ƫСͯͯ޼ɣ˵˳

߳ŭҪССС͵ĳˣ֪ʲôϲϲСҸʦĲȥɽµˮ

ۣô۸ѣԵϽ㡣

Ϊ㻰̫ˣ׷˵ۡ
ջվǲܵġ

ջס󿴣де֣ٲǵӰ
ЦЦޣ۶ȥ

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ǵѽڣʤĽȴҲΪЩ񣬶Եø塣
ͽ̣һ˵ǰ˱ի±¼̫̫һֱԣð˱իʦĵĿζ
һ˽ʳȫ򿪡

ͣЩ˱Ҫ̻ؾ
Ҫ֮ǰȴֺסǣȵȡ
ǰ±װһǴȥɩɩͰ䭳
¶ɫȴˣܿŸʳ̴ȥ

Բ¸߹ʱΪ֣רʹһԵ͡
ԵǸˣСδʽɽţֿɰ̫̫󼸷ֶС۰֮顣
Եֲ֪̫̫󵽵ʲôݣ˾£˼ֶѰŵľ⡣
ѣ̫̫ؾص񣬡˼ңлԵһ
̫̫ЦСʦ¸Ͻ±
ԼǳԲ̫֮ҲֻһڴǰԵĺ춹ɳ±ͷˡ
Ϊ˺ˣһ߸˳±
ʵǳԲˣԵһΪֵࡣ

Եһ±ĳˣ˵һȴüͷȥ³Ķ

ǿССװ׵СʯһĶɲһ

⾪ȣˡ

Ե˵©˷磬ǣҪô졣

̫̫ʲôæƼȥѰɰСʦװ

Եһŵһס죬ʮ޴롣
СͲ֪ԭԼݻ

̫Щ㿪ʼ
պɲٳʳˣСᱻҧ
ĳ˸ȱͣ˵©磬Է©ס

ԵҲҪʦ˵ҪúóԷܳأʳѽҪ˷ʳ಻á

̫̫Цƶ⺢ӣСʦʲô
˾οԵСʦ£أӵʱ򣬶ỻװɰݶ
գͻᷢˡ

ԵŲɣӹ˺ɰСĽԼװ˽ȥܵ£ʹһϧ̫Сɰ˵ϡ

˹ȥɰӺˡһףɰȵݶ

Եɵĵлл
ȴǱ죬СʱҲ𣿡

⻰Щˣ֣˭ǵСʱء

ƫ̫̫˼ֻƶǵãҵǼǵá
ⱳһ˶ˣš

Եܹȥ£ɵĵ£Ҳǳ±ʱ𣿡

̧̫̫ۿ£ɵĻ˵˴ǰ
ҲˣҲϣ˵š

ѽǳ±ԵǴһʱԱʳҧһڣ͵ˡ
ŵֱ˵ʳҧһڡ

ԵԲ۾˼Ŀ⣬ٿȣ˭ûиСʱأǵĵһأ֮ǰͲ֪ԭݻҪһ硣
ʱҲ۵ĲУȻΪǱʳҧˡ
û뵽ʮܴ꣬ĸ˵¡

ԵԴרĵ̫̫󣬡Ǻأ

ҲѰ˸ɰװͷ䭶ݶģɻǵã˵˵ţ̫̫Ϳ⡣

ͷǵء
Ǹʱ꣬԰䭾ˣΪնҪ䣬ͳü죬˺öࡣ
Եһ㣬СûʲôɰӲݶ
ƫƫҪƶȥԡ
԰վԣ˰ڵȵĲͷ
һѼ˵ϵĺɰҪݶӡ
ƫãֱ˵ҪԼӡ
԰޷ֻñͷϣݶһӣȥ

ԵˣһЦ¶ȱԭСʱҲûа취Լݶѽ

ˣ㻹ЦأջҪ֪أҿɲˡ

Եϸһ룬ҿʦǰæǻӺɰġ

СͯǱˡ

͵͵һĸɫЦĿҲ

Ҳǻϲϲһ
мʱ̫̫ڰס˻طȥ˯ˡ
Ժм¡

ԵſʯϣЩĿϵ±ȴٳԣԼᱻӳԵ̫̫˸һˮʱʱؾһڣҲĴӦˡ
̫̫̾⺢ӴСûиĸɽȴֹɶ¼ˡ

תͷȥ⣬ȴĿĶƣ¶á
ʦʱҲ¶áΪʲô˷ʱҪȾأ

Ϊ̫࣬Ҳǽ˼˼ЩԽĻ˵

Ե룬üͷɻǷһֱնᷳģҪȶپƣأ

ۣĿ⿴֮ſڣмֻ۸ڵġССͣͽ¿ͨ͸
ҪջԼ˵Ǿ䣬СͯûеĵĻ
׿۵ġ
ж˾Ʊ¶˾ġ

ѵñޣԵ˼һЦ¶ȱڣֵֽĲɿ

գ˰顣
ңɿ˶Ű͵Ĳ
㻹ʲô˵𣿡
ԼģԼȥ˭ʲô˵ʵҲԸ㡣

ѾյĻãľﻹŹһȹŮķò
տһԲЩģ

ɫ΢Ҳûиᡣ
빬֮ʱҲ֪Ź˭ǼϸԲſڣòԸɽеĹ
ˡ
Ǹ˵ġ
˵Ź˺ܶ࣬Ҳ֪ҴСʹǲͬ
ʮ֪꣬Ǹ̰氮ֵ͡
ɽ࣬ûȤԣлҪɿࡣ

֪Ǻʱ¶ţʡ
Һʱġ

أڶ˶

֪˽ȥ
˵ȥΡ
ۣûȴƫƫԹ
꣬ȻûҲ֪㱾Ρ
ǲұԹġ
㱾Ͳ

͵̧ͷŵĿȻģΪβң

һУ̽ң

ɫδ䣬֤ʵһ㡣
Ŀ¶ʹ࣬ΪʲôҪ̽ң
ΪʲôҪƭң
һжǼٵģ̫̫ûд󰭣
㣬֣붴

̾һߵǰȥϵ飬㣬ƭң𣿡

͵ض㿪֡

㲻
㵽ΪҪĸ󡣡
ûк㡣
㱳ָ֮ʹģԲԣ

ֶۣӵ
ǵظ˵ĻΪֺĸΡ
Բԣ
£ɫʼòҰס

ңԶպܹΪá
ҳΪĿڵһԲԣ

Ŵ죬žֵĿ⿴ͷһʶ

˰е˼ȴûа֮ĸˡ
ԸԶӰпһС

㵽ΪҪĹ㵽˭

Ц˭²֪𣿡

䣬˶ˣҵĵ˶ѵҲΪǱ𣿡
ǣǶ
˵˳
˵һ˲䣬Ⱗ˵Ŀ⣬ôһ˲Ļ⡣
ɻѾ˵ˣǵĹϵҲٻصǰ

鲻Σĺ

ԣ˵ûҾҪҲʧȥζ
һӶβΪ䭼˵Ĺϵ
˳䶨֮С
˵Ѿ뵽˽֣ȴǰǿ
飬¡

һҺͰ䭴ûм˵Ĺϵ

ڶʼգףǳ
Ӧƽĳ󡣡
ƫƫĵ£ǲҲմȾ޹֮˵ѪЩָȥ˭𣿡

ʼնҴ˱Ķ󡣡
ԫhǺˣûʱ򣬻ϣȥġ

ƣ֮С
Ѿ޵飬Ҳٿ

ߵſڣͻȻ԰˵һ仰
ʮ꣬Ϊβ±Ǵĳޣúõػȥأ
ԫhԶܳ£㿴Ķ˼
ıΪԼҰġ
Ϊ˸Ǳ𡣡





53.  ʮ   㣬ôˣ

̾һ, վ£ԶȥһݰźӡĹʡ
, ȫˡ 
꣬ͬһ빬еĺЩ࣬Щ⼸ﱻ½ҳ, Щͬһ㣬ż, 򲻵ǲױ¶ݵġ
֮以֪Է˭, Ӳ, Բ˻ɡ

⿴Ƿݹ, 濴һϤ, ЦɣȻ
Ź볤ˡ
ɻĸɶ, Ҳ֪ܲܳסصĴ

ֵ鲻й¿ҲѾ֪ϸ
⼸궼δȫɵ, ˷Ҫսˡ
о, Ǳ߳ɵ, ǴжٶԳһĹˣֱ

δ, þδŵҿס, ȳһˣԭ뿪벽

ҹˣڴ, ס̫̫ů֣ͿԸһ£ã밢Ϊ󡣡
ôˣڽҹ¶˾ġ

ƶ޷̫̫ƴŰı

˵Ǹʱġ
ǰͬŮ

Ҫ仰ʳڣⲻ֪ԤٻأĸηӦģ𾪣Ϊ
֪ԼԺ󣬾ҲὫߣϵԶԶأҲ
еĽֹҲֹס˱ȥ̫̫۾´пޡ

̫̫ϵһ죬Ŀ¶Ȱͬǰʮһ㣬СŮ顣
ɵӣ㱻ΪʱۿĵһۣΪŮ
̫̫ỺһڲסСŮϲ֮顣
ЦʵΪƶŵǲͬѪѵƶΪﲻĸŮ𣿡

һ͵̧ͷ۾׺ᣬʼ䣬ĸ۰Ŀδı䣬ʱǣƶԶǰŮ㰢ﲻҪƶˣƶҲҪڰߣТ˳

ᡣ̫̫ȥ

⻹Щ׹ȫû뵽ŵһģʵͿ¡
۰Ǽٵġ
ô᲻Ҫء

ʼƶҹҪͬһ˯

̫̫Цɡ

ƽֱ࣬ﲻס˼̫̫ļ紦Сʵǲ֪ˣ
˵ĸġ

̫̫һЦҲ䭶ģ

һˣ

˭ͬ˵Щ
̫̫§ڻУ̾ҲգΪͬ˵˵顣

꣬ΪѲǺһرûϢ˶ΪһԹȥ֪¡ʵǰǺϵ
æοҪѹǸز˵ĺӣĸ˲֪ٻء

ȥˣҲ֪˵ģҶһЩһǺʱǸʱҸ㸸ԶǰߣִˣҲ˵̥λǺӻļѣСıء
ֻϾ˼ʱǺڵġ
һδһۡ

̫̫̾һĳƶպлᣬȥһأΪΪ㡣
Ǹز۵ĺӣ걻ʥѡһطᡣ
Щ̫ؼһ̫̫󲻸ȥһۣҲȥһۡ
ˣҲͻˣȴҲǰȥΪǸ㡣

æͷãƶסˡ

̫̫ͻȻ뵽ʲôЦ㸸ǰһֱΪסˣҲͬˡ
Ϊȥͬ㸸žۣҪúͬ˵˵ǰ

񣬸ĸز֮¹˺üֱȥҲû˵ĸҲͬŸʵ֪һС

ҲСŮίΪƶЩлϥ£Щ겻֪ж໶ϲ
֣ͬǸΪһġ



ĸŮ׽һأ̫̫󷽲ŵͬΪ˵µͬʱ˵һ¡
ƶҲ֪
Ϊף˵ҪȢ㡣

⼱ˣ԰ôʲôͬĸ˵
ôУҿùá

̫̫󲻿˶꣬޳ǵȻֲ׹ùã䭶СҲû㵱ùô

⣺Ȼ˵ĺе԰䭴СͲ
˵ϲɢɢģ
õŮӱļ˵ǣ

̫̫ɵ˵ţΪǰؽ¶£ΪҲȴԸҲôӣջ顣

һû뵽ĸȻ֪ջ֮顣
ԭΪ£ջᣬ˵԰䭣Ͼ޵ĸ֪ˡ

̫̫Ц䭶Ǹѵһĺúӡ
иΪⱲҲĿˡ
㲻ǴС˲ͬ𣿡
ôô֣Ƕѽǽ˴˿ļأΪ˵Ŀɶԣ

ⲻصæ˵һܳġ
ƶˡ˸Ƿۼ˯ȥ

ĸ˵Ļû
԰䭣ɲֹͬ˵ܡ
Ǹ񶼾԰䭰Ӿ񫣬˵˵ܡ

һ
ͷģ޵Ķˡ
ƫӾ˵˵񫡣
һһܡ޸ԵӰס˿ǶҹĴɼˣԽӵ

˿û˯⣬Ҫȴֵĳĸֻøɵ۾ʶ
ϣôˣԴʮʱһֻۣص˶ʮأ
֣ʵ벻ͨ
԰䭾ӳ˾İɡ
ӱ޸࣬ùʦúõֻӾ
ڶ˵ʲô
ػһùþȾңɺã

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۾̫̫ͻȻگּ£³ȵ۵ŮֻǴϥ£ʥ۰СԵĽǱ֮ҲȲϡ
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ԫhվڴͷεɫĺ࣬͵͵ЦԭǳƵϾµĿգŹЦݣԵŤ

ˡ
䭰䭣鶼ܱɻ⡣
Աߵȴĳһ
ֻһ߸վߣɫ糣ˣǽҪҪɢϢ

ԫh˰֣һ׺멣űв̬ķɫΪ԰ףһףֽӭȥˡ
ǣһЦˣõʱٴǵϢΪƲ
û׼Ը
ңɲǸˡ

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ǰѩһƬԶѩѩѩ׵ֱ۾ֻѩͷһɫ
һپʮŲ̨ףмӰ㣬СɨŵúһѩֻüɨĦŵ춯
ƶһŲ̤ѩص졣

ʿǲɵóŲķȥ׷ͣеĶ
멣üīɫһڣͦı£ǳĴ
ڰ̫֮η

̨̤׶ϣ˫֮𽥸Щů⡣

ɽһ˼һֳ꣬һ⣬ȥһ޼аںһȦѩ׵ĺë
סɽͷ춼ͿĨˣһؾȴѩ˴֣һ˫׺Ц⣬˵ҲǵģҪŸѡ
ʵ벻ףԵΪӵһĸ׵ģСССѣʦæͷϡ
Ц˺þã׻ǿӦˣҪѡ

գ˼С׽ȥѣɸոϣЩСӱɵԭأҲᶯˣǵ
һֻëεĸǽѣǿʹëѣů͡

ԵȥӷѰһСܳһߴ󺰣

ʲôУлءͷĽͷ׵ȶˣƫͷһôҲⲻ

ԵܵǰһŰҪյͨ죬ָ󣬡

˵ˣֻε֣ˣһѡ
Եȴֱֵˡ

أ

䣬ֱ㱻סȵĽ

˵Ȼ͸Σֶڵʲô

ͷ겻Ʊǰϲŭ

㣬ôˣֲˣҲûأ԰ɽʲô
ĸ


ԴĿһƳֻɵӣԲСͯЦһ
ڹйڡ

ԵŬĹҾƫö࣬˫ֶû£ˣŬԼҪ£Եʩ

ջĿ⣬Ȼ֮أСʦض񡣡ƲºԵǽٺһ㣬һ¾ߡ

Զ겻ڣ㵽ģ

޿üۼıѩڣȻ

Ŭѹƽǣûڴ԰䭵׻˵ʲôء

һЦ֮Լ
ɻ󣬡ʲô˼
ǼĸҲǼȻ

޸оűжȥ֪ʱǼֻȫΧȱߣһֻ֪ΪΣͷĳѥ
Ҳֻͬùý͵ȥգԼҪһ塣
ǾһԣԼŶԡ

ԭ

ԭ
ҲĪͶֶ׽ǣֹţСûģһѡ

ֶſСͯ⼸ֻСĪɵȻȥ׽ֶӡ
ʵڲȴǺƱȱѩˣ²Ҳ㡣

΢΢һ֮д˲ţܿʹ˭˵ˣ̫ˣ
ԸƲĶڵһ¾ͱͨ졣
겻԰ǲǾ͹ⳤ˺Ƥ
ÿ춼æչĸ󣬻ҪΣ̫ȻÿվҽһعΡԶ̫˼Ҳ˿ûѧǸأǾҵҵء
п㡣

𣿡ЦһƳ۹ƴԶ
Ц⣬̧ţǻͷǵĲĳѥСӸߡ
ѣһƼֻӳǰðǡ
Ǳϣȥο
ܵԴʼߵڰף˺ˣ˭ԼҪȥֺģɣ˸˰ɡ
΢΢üȴʲôҲû˵ֻ̧ȥ˼մŵѩͬɵһɡ㳯Źȥ

ԵҲӹܳŬĽ˴ڸУŲԣʩôͻȻˣʦҸϽȥȡҶʩء
ʩȵĲʲôţʦոջ˵ˡ

ЦȰ׿ˮ
һ׿ˮȥ׼û
ս³Խ˵ղ߲ݣȻģʱɽԼ

𣿡ԵŰɡ

ͷ߰ɣͬһȥպˮⳡ֣˭Ӯ

*
֪ջѾϰںӣһ£²ºȴһ׮£徻˲١
΢΢ף徻ࡣ

ͷһѺ룬á
ϵɽҰȴ̫̫ɽս¡

ǳҲ֪ϲŭΪⳡս£Ǻǻ

¶ЩĲս£ܹйء
ܿ죬Ƿݲʧ
ȴҲսɡ
Ǳ֮ȴҲԸΪİվһౡ֮

޵ȻһЦʰȡöϣ¹гһգҪսɽ֮Լ

صǡ

ֻǣһˡ

һ߲ӣȴ˵𣬡ϵһһϰЩ֣ϵܰϱһ
Ѿµһӡ

޵ͷ

̾һ˽иԵԵͽܵԵ

ϵյͽΨһڵ֮޽档
Ѱõġ
ɽڣҲꡣ

޵Ӧһ̧ۿһһС
Ƕ˵ĶԻ
СǸȻڱᣬȴ̲סʩʦҪͬһɽ𣿡

ֶ̾治񻰣ɽᡣ

һͽ۰мӣ˿̲οԵʦԼԵ

һµĺǼѡ
Ҷ֮ҲҪ¸Ӯ
ɢˡ
Ե޿ıߡ
ֻ滹Ե˵һ裬ҲǵģɽҪˣһˣСͯޱӡ

޶˲豭ˮ徻ǰˮȻʣҶأ

㶼ʦˣ㻹Ȳ裿ﲻס֡

޾Ц⣬һڣҲ





54.  ʮ   ҵĴ

޶Ų豭, ȻԵõĺŰ׿ˮƷ

Լķ֣һ, ʼֶӣͬ壬·ſࡣ
, һҪãʵǿĺ, ѩ, Ҳֻ԰ͭ, ȥȱѩҪ, Ÿɵó
, 䰡

ϵӮڰ׶ӸڸǷâ, ڱأºͶԻİĸԹϷ, мֱǻ⵽˲òֳԳơ

˫ֳ°, ڤ˼˺һ, мܸ꣬һ㡣
Ͽҵؿ, Цܸܿˡ

𣿡޷²豭, üͬǰһ㣬Ӳǳɽ£ҲӲϨеȻ
ж, ľΣ޸ϵ
Һãһǰʻ鶯
á

֣ĺÿָ׾޳Ǻڰ׶һĿôһ˲ţҴֶӳùǲȻǱôһЩЩѡ

˹ķּϵӣüˣùòһ塣
ҲտܸϹùã

ᵽʲôаʯͷԼĽţһգˣܵɽûб𣿡
԰䭿ǵģһÿضҪƿԵ״̬
ãԼ˵á
Ƕ֮ˣ˵Ļ

£
̧еıѩڣ˻ϲ֮ɫ

мһֱ¡

һ;俪ʼ̣òܿ޵ߣֱҲ׳ʲôͬ˵
ֲǵ棬ҿʵֲԸ
԰䭵Ҫ˵ʲô
ȥУԵⲻ

ҽĸأ

æס˶䣬ԣ
ʲô׼ûء

ЦպӣûŻֻ֪ԸԲᡣ

ǿǷˡǵģ԰˵ϲڿñ
һ˵ûǲԸ˵ģԭкܶ࣬Ҫ̫̫ߣТ˳ӡ

޺ƶɻǵ˵Ļ

ʲôһ㶣˳Ļȥ
԰˵ô໰ﻹǵһ䣿

ȵȣոսʲô

͵غһڵһ¾վ԰䭣ǲ̫ùˣ㣬㣬ôֱҵ
˵ǸĸŮ԰ûѪԵϵ
ô꣬ͷ԰䭽ôôŤ

޿ĹĵģǼֻɵӣС̲ͯסһЦ

Цʵ̫죬߳ŭҪú˵˵

ȴĸߵЦų
ū¡
¡

΢΢ףض񡣡

Цˣ֪أūơ

ѾѾ¹ȥĸ
ֹӦǣҪ·ȴǴ䵭ĹĿ⣬ΰǳ翪ڡ


ùá

ݸһЦһһССദǰЩ˶ףŲλСһ𳤴󣬹ǳȴСܹ浽һȥ˱˶ԣȻҪ׽ܶࡣ

Ϊأ
·һֱϲ

ĪԵŻ

ļǿɢȥΪѵֳ
Ų
Ҳһֱ˼ƤƶùúҲѾǰͬ
򴽣ƽ˰죬ȵһ룬ˣ԰䭴ǰùʱҲûаس˼
ǣùãǵúġ

˼Ʈȥ˱ĵطϲϲ𣬡֣ſࣿĸһûгԹˣҹ𴲽ֹﶹˮŽ񳿰ʱá

Ц𣺡أ񳿵࣬ǰЩӵСʦȥɽަСˣζ𡣡
̫żζ˵Ӿ͵ɽء

ӿ˽Ųߴˣ䭣ǿߣɱĸõȡ

ӦһǰС

е¯ӣ϶źһɴʣ˿䡣
Ѿܾûмĸ˿̼ſںϵ̫̫󣬼֮ǰݸΪݣȴǼ
иЩ⣬Тղɽ밲

̫̫ĵļ򣬡˵뾩һһȥգ¶࣬Ҳ鲻䭶Ρ
䲻ɽȴʱţĸأͰˡ
ɽ徻ƶߣ˿Ȥ

ްţҲ
ɲǣڹʱŹǽȴ֪ÿܻһ棬ÿһЩ﷦ζͺ˴ڵ塣

ڵʹĸĲѾת࣬괺죬ˣͻعסɺã
̫̫ĲûѰҽֻϧɲµĲô׾κ˵ġ
ʥ۲ҲΪս֮µİ٣ȥˡ

̫̫ȴûдӦ޵üۣǴпһˣǻģۼһձһФ游
ţʱҸȥˡ

ĸæ
˼ܹСвġ

̫̫ȴƽЦ֪ǿ
ңҵ½ˡ
Ǻӵ飬ԭҪСպǰȥΪ㣬ûź
ƶչˣҾͷˡ

̫̫ǽԣʮ꣬޳˼̬͹ˡ

ϵıѩڻʪ˲ٵطط˸ɾѣŴ̫̫ܽӣһġӱҲ

̫̫ԲˣֻЦſŮôԵСʦһšǼϲԵģǺÿɽަ
̫̫Ȳ⣬Եأնަһʣ֪ΪԵһɽަ࣬ζͼÿɽȥ棬Ƽ˾ͻһ¨

⽫˫ַѬϿ˿ֻů˷̫̫ߣ⻰ʮָĿһԵޣĳˣ̤۵ĴţǵСͯ

̫̫ˣŶôһ£
һûСʦء
Ǻӳɽ쳾£ÿȻ׽ǳ

⽫ԭԭ˵һأ̫̫̾ϢˣԵСʦ֮ʱ㱻һָۣ󡣡
˵ʦͽȴȸǳ
ԵСʦҲӲһֿȻ᲻õġ

æͷɲǣԵأҪʦֿһǲ

ĿԹ̾Ϣֻֻ֪һǰ游µĽ죬ڳɲְŹЩһҲб룬˱ʡ

̫̫ôսǰ˿⡣
徻ɽ֮Угһսӣ֪ӹʱ
֮ѡ

ȻˣҲ޷ˡ

⻹ǲģСͯô꽻һһ룬Եôźأ

СͯҪ޿ģſɲġ

Ĭ˰εޣڿ˿ڣȥȰ

㣿ⲻŵԵжġ
£Ե˵԰վŵɫһ¾ͱˣֻ㡣

š޵Ȼصг㡣

ù̫̫ҪЪЪֻ˵˱㶼ȥ

ϹȥˣһɽѾʹҲҪȥԣиСͯУҲټλСͯ
òԲĶûˣ˱ϰŵʱˣ˴룬ûԵýмû
ǰ˵Ҫúأȫ塣
ǻʲôûˡ
һֱշӸһ㡣

ɵ£֪϶Ǳɶġ
ɲǻģǵġ

ɣֻЦȻۣȥһ۵ķˡ

Цֺǣ͵¼ūء
Ը⼸ո·ҲûмɿڣһأֻūóóȻҲûʲô׼˵徻ǲá

ȴ߰ɣȻնˣԵȻˡ

ǶҲȥˡ
һپʮŲ̨ףѾϰߣĲҲá
ֻĸ·֮£ϿЩʮ̲ס
˽ŲҪ壬֪ս³ԽĶ࣬ոڰ߿϶Ҳͷġ
ˣ˭ܶ湫ڰɵأ

ЦһأҪõȰūɼūĲǡ
ӣūһԭǵΪգû뵽
˵ȥˣ˵Ҳ֣Ϊ͸ϵ£һʯĳǸɶϸı飬ôˣûͻ
ǧѣһȴǰ׷˺ڷˡ

ūǸˣЩıĴǣҲʱлصĴ򽻵
û뵽ƫСۣ˸Ϲ

˫ֱͷŵ۷ŵһŲȾСͬǳ
ҲĴ
˭֪ƭء

Ҳ˶ƭ㡣
뿪Щɡ

˵˵ţЦ֮ɫ

һ㶣ѾͷǰܣȻС˽ԭͬǰǿļأȴҲƭˡ

ֺһЦ˵е

۴ϵĵȼһ㣬ϣдʣԸС±Ͷ̥˼ңƽƽĹӣĪڱɱΡûг׷¡

ƻҪͬ潲Ϲһ㣬ȥˡ

վѩɫǰ㳡ֻСϰ˹еÿ춼ڹĴıһֻͱQŹˣۡ

Сյôˣɻ󲻽⣬ȥСӵԴɵӼ˾ͷ

Сӵ۱ߣֱǰק
ò˼
޵Ŀء

̾һſķȥֻСӶΧǽ͵͵Сͯߡ

СͯǸСްɡ

յôڿޣС۾޻ô죿

ԵڿޣȴǳŻش⣬ʦոգӦˣʩˣҪɽˣ˵˵ҺúʦĻڹУ

ء

ǿ޵ʱ򣬱˰οǸ
ûмСǰ۴ޣм޲ߡ
ɰͰ͵İοţȱˣͬ㽲
Եûõοš

һͻȻ𣬡㱣֤ʦƽ
Ǹ֮ˣ仰ȴһɰĵ

ԵĿС̧࣬ͷŲ֪ʱߵǰޡ

һҺСͯ԰ǰһн
ȫԽοСͯ齻ˡ

޺ĿСͯ˫ۣʦҪ£ȴա
˷ɽ޵ǲΪ²УǲӦʦ޺֮ǣ

ԵĿǽʧˣֻһ˫۾飬ҪվȴΪ̫öЩ飬ֻò˼ޣʩ˵Ķ𣿡

ó˽ྻ޳˲ᣬȻ
Ϸԡ

ԵҲûдǰǰ㺦ˣʩҿԸʦһɽ𣿡

Ҳûвͷ㻹С㳤ã뱣ɽҲ١

𣿡ԵʧĴͷҪʲôʱܳأʦһɽ

ȴ֣ʦڵ㣬϶кܶҪ㣬ȥɡ

ԵǹԹԵͬǶһ񣬷תæһĵ
ǶˣֻСڴˡ

̾û뵽㾹Ȼ

ȻǸӣкβúġ
ңҲûƭ

죬׽Ҫ²۵Ļ˻ȥ

ǶҲδߣԵֻСӵӷСӳԺҲûסԵСľݵǱԵСպãӷһǡ

ⱧֻڹСӣһ߰ţһߵԵ˵һҪɽˡ

ƳһСǰ˻еģֽ˹ţջؾ

һտ̫ྪţ԰䭰񱣬ˮһϣܲ˵ˣղֹΪԵıᣬѩëѾµСӡ

㣡

ḧСӵԴȷͷϵǣֻ󣬹ùò᲻֪ɣ

ҪǣҪľʯĥǡ

ľʯɲֹṰˣ۵ķҲꡣ
赭дһ˵պ㲻ٱСŪ㡣

ףѹɵһ԰䭣Ȼȥһǽ԰䭵ȵľͷ

Ϊѣ⼸ղ¹ѩɽҰҲ׼ŶߣɻЩ޲ᶬߣյԡ
ЩΪѣǿô죿ҲҽǷŹɽ֣һСˣҰ޼ꤣǼǣǸһھͳˡ
˵Ȼѭˡ
⼸ֻС۵һԱ
ǵѾͬ

ദôãĪ˵ԵСͯˣֻСϲ֮⣬Ըӻǳ

̾һΪŷֻÿ͵Խ㲻Ϊͬ⼸ֻСһĸ飬ǻΪҰ޵в͡

ԵС⼸ֻСӣʱ򲻿޵ĸ˰

ֻ˿ÿͽУĥӦùˡ

ͺá⻶ϲϲ㿴ǲرԵСͯרˣǰջҸѣ˵ɵɵ

Ŀɨĵжѷŵļ鲽Ȼùûһ仰

ֱ԰䭿϶Ҫڿ§СӣĿʲô

߳īߺڡ޹һЦ

ϸĥ԰仰ô˵ģ
ڷӦ˹ð㣬㾹ȻĨɵ
棬æ׷ȥСΪͬˣҲæںͷ˳

ѩ̫һɹ˱ϵᷢʲô£ס˽ţתȵؽס˽һЩˤڵˡ

§˻У̾һε˵ԵͬȴǺŵЦ⡣

˰Σҵ˷֮ԣ̧ͷƣ˵û߳īߺڣҺԵһɵͬһɵˡ
Ҫ԰䭻ʲô˵ġ

̧֣ͷȴٳѿ֮죬Цδɢ𣿡

û˼һȭ޻ϣ԰䭾Ȼˣͷ
*
ԵڽʦҪ뿪Զŵʵ
ؾصĹϣһĽ̵
һԴʦǰǰһ֣ס𣿡

ͽסˡԵŬرסᡣ
ͽ϶ʦúУÿҲƤ
һƬ̵ĳɣСͽǰ޵ĻأͻȻͱͨ͸ˡ

οΪʦҲûǣˡ

šԵᶨصͷ
*
жǼܣ˸ǿҪĵطɽͷ̣ƻûκ飬Ѿҹ

̫̫ùţ֪峿Ҫ̻ؾ̫̫󵽵᲻õģȥһҲ֪ʱټˣͬһ˵˰λƣ˯ȥ

߳˷ţⷽŴ˸ǷѩĻ۾۾úࡣ

ֹһգδ˵ԷЩʲôҪֱ
ͻȻ˼ֲᡣ

˳̫̫סԺӣŵɽϣεѩԶɽѾ֮ɫ
мֲ֮⡣

ƫͷˣһƣҫŵϵ·ĸǲͬ˵ЩҲ֪£
⻰˿һˣ˿̿˳

ԭûȴҲ֮˵˻

֪ʱҹգͣ˽ŲЩʹ鿴Ҫ׼

⻹ǲģɲԸңһʱ
ֶ˵ػһչ֪δ֮¡
Ҫ׼ȴĸյĵ

΢ʢաѹĸɻţΪĸѾתġ

ȻѹĸҲǻúúõġ
ȼϣⲻǴĸѾգܺúõػš

ǲǾͱʾĸĲϣ

ȴĸĲҲ⼸ģֶ꣬Ҳ޷ˡ
ԭǻعȥֻǻĸԸ뿪
˵ǣңͬ游žۡ

ԣǻ
ػһЩ޷⡣
ܹź

ͷб̲סץԼ֣ľû𣿡

ʼ򣬵ûп޳Щ֪ĸպſҩŶԣÿһնûʲôͬ
ĸҲ뿪ͳ޸ĸĹ¶ˡ

Լƽѧη֣ǽÿһ죬ҶҪߣú
סĸˣҲ¸ź

á

ⲻٶ˵Ȼվ߸˳ĸǰˡ

Ҫֱ
еţԼ飬һֱе⣬أ

ҹ˵ĻȻں˵˵
˵Ķġ
룬Ӷܳɾء

ɫ΢ȴǲЦ⣬棿
ػ֮˵˼
գ⣬ֻʹΪ֪ܣ
֮˵˼Լţָš
˵ΪˣӴԺٲϼаħ֣ӣҲˡ
ܹҪһԣ

ĵͷûԥȻģȻʱˣ˵ֲ֣СҾֱܷĻģǼٵġ
һͷȥԼ֣ĪҲӵʲôΪ֪ķ

ҵ˶ģͷɾŲ˼飬ֹһˣ˵顣
ɼʱʱж

ɫ΢ȴ̾Ϣǵö۰
ҿ϶˼ľģŻѡˡ
϶ҲֹΪ㣬ҲΪװɵ

˵˵ţһɷȻ

԰䭣һҪȫˡ
ԫhҲϵʲôζ

ӣǸϵõ߰籣ϵʹӿļ䡣
룬ں԰䭺ͱѡ϶ǻԥѡɡ

Щϧһ㣬ϧˣԫhǱĶ뿴ĵγġ˵ҲǣΪβԫhܹĿѡ

ǿҲΪұˣɲˡ

ˣɽ֮ʱѹ˽һһ

ӣŬΧԼסˡ
һ멣ůס˷硣
и⡣
򴽣ΪѵĿڣջ˵ȥ󣬾ͻ֢
֤ػضʮͣȴҲػˡ
ʱ˶ǻǰΨȴǼٵġ

ǡ޻شļλɴ࣬վǰҲΪ㲻ξ
֢꣬һĵĲ˽ⲻ

ⳡΣԸѹ
Ϊ
ˣҩɾȡ
ʱʱسΪһͷβķӡ
ܻȬ
飬Ҫ
Ҫ뿪ߡ
Ժеǵν룬Ӧѡ
ϺսʤԺнģΨֻˡ

޺ǰü۴˵Ĵ֮⣬֪ҪЩʲôҲ˿û

һΪʾ⣬Լװ׾͵С֡
㱻ס
ֺůůĺƶ
֮£֮

⧲䣬ͷݺҧϡ

΢΢üͷ˿˿·Ѫ

ҧˣæˣЦǲǺʹʹͶˡ
ʱʱ̶̿ΪôһˣȻֻǸӰ

޶˶æҹˣҪȥϢˡ
ԼԺȴֻعվԭص޻˻֡

*
峿ɫɽ˾ѾʰһС
޶ȥ̫̫̫̫ͬ
һӣŴӷгվԺ⣬ͬ˵Щʲô
ƳæȥԺú̫ͬ˵˵ҿˣǹҪɽͷסҲ徻ġ
Ҳæ̫Ҳնŵ£عء

һͬѾߵǰ˵ҪѩŴѩδ֮ǰǸϽ̰ɡ

޵˵ͷù˵û
׼

һƫֶ˵һ䣬˵ҹùǶԵġ
˵⻰㹪˳ᡣ

һ㶣ȴӱƿһǣ޳˻֣˵

̡
ͱ֮ԭأ뿪Զȥ
Ե죬ͱʱ򵽵ûп޳
ȿӰˣŵʦˣҺѹѽ

Сͯˣܻټġ





55.  ʮ   ɵģǴ桭

ʢĶ̫̫ͬǰ, ѩµ̫磬ӵһ꣬, էů֮ʱ̫̫һ˯ȥҲû

ڴ, ̫̫֣ʧȥĸס

ȼǵҹĸʮ, , ͬ˵˺Щ, ˯ǰͬ˵, ˡ
ȹ˴, ȥɽһЩ紺񡣡
㰢ǰսʱ, һ괺죬, 㰢ʹŽʿǵһ˺Щ, ÿ, ŵʱ򡣡
ζҲɽκζȴ, ·ܼζ, ˵ֲ֣

ǵԼ˸߲ҵĻش𣬡վʹ˽Ѱ񡣡
ĸֻ΢ЦſƴӦˣֺʲôҲû˵

˵Ĳ, ֻôĵһԤʾĸĲµһ𽥺תһҹ

̲סؿš

½ڰԣͣᣬҪȰοﶨǣҵȥˣ޲ʹܵǼ֡

ֻţʲôĸ󼲲Щ꣬ÿնҪżʹĸҹ뿪ǰһ̣˶ǰо;еĵεΣҸȥ

ǣһʱȴҲû취Լû¡
*
ʢ꣬һս𣬲δͣϢļơ
̫̫ްţǰּ⣬սµǰɥһӦӼ򣬲š
ᣬ꣬ᵽ˵İ֮ߣסۣһһΪТ

ȥ۵ɽ´򿪡

ĸסĹǸԻؼȥӴ˲ٹ徻
֮ǰǲģ£ҲڹУ飬Ҳϣ²ҪΪ˻

⣬ЦַģǶˣʰ׵ˣҲɽȥ
ǻлȴûж룬أɽԺǻعȫġ
ţֱֻеԵСʦǼֻҪٴգҲãڴס£ܹЩ᲻õġ
˵꣬ҪдǱ
æסżֲᣬֹҺҲҪ壬̫ͣ¶жԣֻ꣬˸Ҷ͸ҡ
ôѵǡ
ۺᣬá

ͱ֣̫ߵǱҲɢˡ
Ժ䣬İˡ
ǰΪ˺ĸģո߸˵ģưǳûС
ʱĬһһա

֣͸Լɽˡ
һʰ
ҲҪɽˡ

׼Щ£ǾɽˣĲع𣿡̫ǰţЩع
ǵиȥĵط̫дһţ˵ع
ָԶǧ֮⣬ǰıдһⳤţͺûǣңԶš

ȻܻȥˣҽҵˣЩʱ½½ɽȥǻɽȥڸ٣á

ǣ֪Զš

ĵмֵȴһӣгĴģҽջͬдһţһţ㲻żġ
˼ޣֹδҲֶ֪ôˡ

ңĸ֮ǰûԣΨǰлᣬȥΪǸز۵ĺһ㣬󽻴ҵ飬һҪɡ
̫̫˻ѡ

Ҵ£Ӧǣȥ׼

⽻˳ŵ飬ʹȥһ̨ףһ㣬ͬԵ

ûߵһ·Ƽ·ǰֻѾСӣıյľǵΧߣץһʹι˹ȥ԰ɣǾҲԲιĶˡ
Сǲԣֻȴ໹Ҫ֪Ҫֱ𣬾Χ߲ȥˡ

̾һŹȥ

˹
̫̫⼸һֱǹŲ飬Ǹмģһ񣬡

Цš

ձҪɽϵи֮롣

˵ˣܰæ

һѻ׵ĺӣߵ˵ŴͷɨصСͽ̾ϵҹ۹һԡ
´˷У·ϻĥ

һûи߹˷ɽȥأݿɲȥ
˵ĵ
棬׷ʣ˼Ҵ˷У᲻˳𣿡һڴ˴ʤо󣬻˲ݣݵذؽ԰˵ʵĺãݱһδ˵ԫhѾ뵽ݣǰȫġ

ɫΪжԹԣ㲻ϻ¡

һͺˡ

ҰæЩʲôʡ

ϵ빫ϵСͽһȥ˿ڡ

󣬲ܲ˵ΪѣüͷСͯһСͯҲɳ˲٣һСޣһԶţǳԲ

ǲס
Եɽ£ҿôͬʦأ

ԵɽУδɽ쳾;аϹһ
ҲͬĻԵ
빫ܹӦϵ󡣡

˵ϣҲûа취ܾ
ҪͬԵأȴҪСͯһɽȥɼ֮£ԲǰͰĽţܻб

Ӧˣֵݸһңһλϵĺѣǹ鷳ȥѰ

ǳһ󾪣ҹʲôô֪ҪȥȥĻݡ
ЩŵĽӹ˽ң̧ͷʱȴѲټ
Ĵһأȴǿһˡ

ˣĪѾ޳˴߬˽ң̧ųԵȥ

һԵ
Եɨ㣬ͷɥͬ񣬡

⽫һأЩģԶŻŸӣô£ѾӦ˹ҲԶΣֻοڣջȥúʰʰվһɽ

Ե⣬۾ɻ󣬡ɽҪȥĶ
˫ȥʦͱʩ𣿡

˵ɽԺʦϸ룬û˵

ԵϾͻϾȥʰ

ֻúʲôط©ˣǺһڻ˺ǹеճ֮أҲȥֻա
Сͯжʰģ󲻹һС͹ˡ

峿

ɫһ˿װеĶѾװȥľ飬׼ѰմѣߵԶѲɻ֪˭

⿴˿еԼĵͷ
ҲѣżֿЦ˽£ԵСʦˡ
ֻǣԵСʦҪҪȰȰ

ãߵͷСͯϱŸˣԻΧֻСӣһѹվʲôûнģɲԵͲ֮ߵĵ
ŵۣһ۾֪Ǹˣ˳ԶŻҪС޶ϡ
ʰˣǲɽԵΪ˷ܡ

㲻ܴǼһһָֻ޹Сӡ

ΪʲôܴǣԵһʡ

֮в̵淨

̾һѣɽµ˾ֻᵱʳ㽫Ǵɽ˾ͻὫǸ׽ȥԵ𣿡

Ե󾪣У
ܳԵǡ

ЩǴعУиʦչš
ЩҲˣɽԺٸɽСѡ
ʵЩ֪ĻΪǴĶմһСʿء

ǰ׼ȫɡ
ڳһԶ˼дֶӵżձ͵ֶˡ
ãԸͷɡ
ж

Ե棬ͷ˳ԽԽԶĵۣסػͬվںͷͱĹ

ʦ棬ټ

ˣŹؾصĿţʼСֽŵ˾ġ
ûгЦţֻš

ڣСͯˣҲӦҪһʣԼҪȥ
ҪȥĶ

һָָԶȥݡ

ݣСͯ˵ͼϸط̧֮ͷָ෴ķ򣬡ݲŲǸأء

*
ݾӪʮڣʹסƣŵԷС

ʿפ֮أټӪ⣬ױرɭϣѲе˴˿Ų춯ֻӪон

£ΪӦóʤ׷ԫhսթǰǸ˵оҹɵļıصоܴδۣʿ󽵡

βĶʱһأ

˿ڣȴǳ෴òɣԫhͨˮԵĿ̽ӽѶɣҹ¾ͬԫhϡ
ǿɺӣǻԫhȦס
˵ˣˮʦճӣ޵ľ游ѸߣҲߣ£ǰ˵Ҫʤ׷Ľ죬ܶ潫Ŵԣϣȷд£

ͷʿˮսҵͬˮϽ֣²ռơ

һأҲû³ԿϣһԲ

һλŵ۵ӡ

޿ʵΪԫhںεأ

˶ɳ̣ɽˮпޱߵĴ󺣣졣ٵطġ

ǰԫh꽻ԫhս˽
ս𣬾һʱ䣬ɨڴصϸ̽ӣԫhơԫhǸ׾ܱܵĵˡ
Էжˮľơ
˫һ꣬лأֻռϷ硣

Ǳˣһֻվһöģߵɳĳͣ£СΪԫhǿɹӣƱػӴ˹
Ĳ˿֮ϵĳ꣬˵صƵΪϣȻ鷳ˮԼߣڴĸߡ

ԫhñԣںϳ꣬ɽҵ˽Ǵ˴ҵȻΪأҲѹ£˻ıӴ˹ǰαҵȻˣԻҵȡ

һ˵⻰ӪˣԳĬ

Ӫ˴ţ£źʹ

Ŀ΢ҲգʱλҲˣ顣

ǣҪ߳ȥ

һˣͬһţϢȴŽñ

߹йһ񣬷ųӪȥ

Щƣ
׼ҩæ£ϢʱȽҩ˰ɡδ£ʱˣˮδ˵ҩҲûüء

Ӧһ˹ҩҩζ΢΢üͷ

һţһһߣ̫࣬˿ҲһһֻҪģţ˵
ױʣ̫ױʣǳױʡ

Ȼֽۣӹзš

˺Դɿ˵𣬡ض˼ءо̣ͷԴڿϣպײǹˣϢƬ̣ȴҪսûиʱ
ֻԶţܹһ

޽Ųˣһأ߸ЩЦ⣬´ˡ

ɽˣûлؾ

һĪǳˣ

ҲǸ룬Ƴһۣεҡҡͷ޿Ѱ޿ˣ

æЦūңֻǳؾȥĶأ

ָ΢ŷһҳȥˡ

ز֪λظˣµĲ飬ǲ֪ģģδȫ۹ҩһֱԵڡ
µʱʱ
ֻλСźܹǻռЩ顣

ȥʲô
˼ĪҪȥѰףڿ죬˵˿ڣ̾ס죬аգʲô
λСھ㲻̫̫ģǿɴ֮ʱĻҪף⻰˵񲻾ָСС

ū죬˵Ϳôô򡣡æ𷣡

ֹסˣȷȥѰףĸͬ˵Ϊλز۵ĳһ㣬Ϊ˲ȥݡ

ŷӦʥүز˵Ӿء
λСڵҲݱʥү񵽵ģⲻͱʾСʿСȥҵǡ

СȥӵɫΨֶԷ¶ز顣
û뵽ȴƼɫɷ絭ᣬ˿δ˶ķ
Ƽ޿ţü֮Ц
ͺ棬λСڵдʲôԼã

Ƭ̣ѡ˷ˣǲˡ

дŵʱ򣬹߳ǽȤȫдȥҪȥݣ˸ԵһȥСͯʵǲͨףɵǣһԶţǴˣһ·֪ж˲⣬Цֿɰ
дˡ
ƣȥ֮֮ģ֮ǣǧ
ɵģǴڵġ

ԭʲô֪

΢΢ۣζҩǴƽá
ȴ֪ˡ

ǳߣſҩ룬ŵ˳ȥ

Сʱ΢ȥѣӪһֻ޳ÿ޴˳æȥ£ҪУ

أߡ
ɫ˿ƣ
һӺټ죬֡

һ񣬴̸Ͻȥ
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֮·󣬳˰סĵ̲ס
СͯûʸУҲģ˸·Ǹ·оҲסӿͷܡ

ڱﲻסڣҺܡ

ӣ⼸æŸ·ҲܣΪСͯͬһ㲻ܵģһҪСͯɫɷףͷǺ飬һæͣ

ͣһ¡

δţСͯסܵ·

Ҳˣ̲סüͷˣǽղ·ˣǣҸҽݸЪһˣСͯССȴֶ²һ˵̲סˡ

ǣȥ̽̽·Ӧˣ˩ϣһǰȥˡ

ȡˮߵСͯߣݸЩ𣿡

Ե˼ĽӹӺˮʶľҪһźߵĵͷòл㡣
СͯȻͨʣҲǱѩġ

⣬ͱôˣҪڸңǲŸ·֪𣿡̧Դĳ
ԵԴ;ָв
ֶԴԭָа
Ǽֻɵӣë׵ģ鶼ܷ

ǵЦһ٣ͻȻЩ
԰ǲǴСͽͬǼֻɵӵһˣ

áԵ֪Щʲôֻߵĵͷ֪Լ˸·Ľ̡

ջ֣ڹٵϣĳЩ룬Զпôó͸ȥЪЪٴߡ

Ե޾ɣҪоȴУ;֮У۵СͯǹĵܵܣһǰѰ׵Ľܡ
񺰹ء
йŮǣҲҪи㡣
ʹΪʲôҪݡ
Ǹһ㣬Ļش⡣
Ϊ֪ǹǸС֮ͯ鷳㿴 飬ȫǼٵġ
һʼͻݣ˲֪˭ˣܿ¿ס

ԵȻ¿ʼÿ춼Ҫѧϰģǰվ⣬ˣߣ˼ζʶ˼̬
˵⻰ʱſڵûжֻҪ꺢ͯ𣿡

꺢ͯʲôӣԵ֪ʡ

ⱻסˣ˵ԵڹеʱÿɨΣϾʱ꣬ʦɽΪĸަӣÿջʱСӡ
ҲƤʱ򣬱粻Сľʦĵ
ôǸͨ˼ҵĺͯ

Ҳգ֮ͷˣֻˣֻҪ㲻Ҫǰͺˡ

磬㡣
ǸʵĳƺЩˣЩǰסڹУʦ棬ʦʦǣ˼ɽʶɽˡ
ȴûǲҲиĸ׺ֵã
ЩΪ¹һܶƣʵ벻ˣ˵о·ԵİʯϣĬ˾ġ

ͬ˵ţЪһߺˡ
ЦҲã׼Щ·õŵҩ裬ʱ̱š

Ҳáͷ㣬һֱ·ûкƴÿطķкβͬء

һ˵㣬СͬЦ쿴
⿴˹ȥƼԵʯͷϱ۴
СͯԵСʱЩмָпʱԾԼϰأ

Уһ·仯Ĵ
ʱٵ˳˾

ñóôЩ˵⣬ųأ֪Է˭ôĪ޼ɵĴ

̧ͷһòԶ˳飬֧·ܼΪ֮䵶Ҳڴǡ
˴һ£ɫһƲѿȴ˿һۣ岻뿴ڶۡ
˿ͷС

û˵ʲôñͷϣֻһܣ

Ե۾Сž͹վߣͷôˣ㣿

պϯض֪𣿡ñԵЩģ
áԵҲɣʡ

ɣڴǰͷ̽·֧ӭꡣ
Ϊ׵ĺͻȻĿԣȷ϶ԷݣܿƿĿ⡣ŴӴվһԣ֧ȥԼЪĵط

̽ˣǰͷ·ߣʱܵ򡣡˵š

򣿡˻ǾҪ߳ˡѾǰݵؽԵˡ

һظ·ǰ

ŵļ飬Ŵ˸ųѰһҽݸĿջ
ŴԵǰȥҽݿſͬҪͬ˵Ķ֪𣿡
ǸƵĽ㡣

šԵͷ㱻ǣס֣ǰҽݡ

ȸѾ˼ͷ˿̳÷ˣϢȥЩ

̧˽ȥȴоһ̽ĿϡҲûᣬֻ˿ջãſͷȥ

˿ͷ⽫ñȡ£ͷЩʲôˣ

ɫЩأǷ·ϼӣͬͬһڴš
ôɵ飬ڴһأס޵Ŀջˡ

ͷ˼һأϰˣܲǰ֪Ҫջסޡ

ſģܹҪɫɫˡο

̾ʰһȲȥ˵ûɹҲҪ֪ǳ⻹üһ䣬⣬Ҫʱ̾衣

ü룬ܲܣ汻ˣᳵУ֮˶װˣңһ·ûзβ棬ҲǽղôҲѰͰˡ
ܲܣԫhˣ

*
һҩһţһֽԵǣųҽݣԵûôǣ߹·׸磬ҿߵġ

ŵͷһЦ˶ӣǣЩȫ

ԵҿɽԺһ··סĶ;վδء
ôûȥֶˣ·ԣҲû
֡
ԵһŲ۾ˡ
ź񣬼Ŀתضһ˵С̯һ
ãԵ۾һ
ŴȥʮǮԵתһת̣ѡֻ

ǻ̯λ˼ң˿ЦСɾǺãС϶Щûˡ
Ҩһǽ㿪ʼڰ
Ե˫ִľϣɵš

ŴܣĿɨǽҪס޵Ŀջǰǲ⡣
ջǰվˣ̴磬ŲЩģջŵλӣĵλͬǺЩϵ

ֱ˻Σջ˼ͷԵĿ⣬ôˣ

Եæ˼˵һǻ׸Ҫʲôͼ

ſѾõĳյͦģһֻ˵ġ
˼һ㶣ֻǿһأɾôʨӴ󿪿ˡ
ʮǮŽǮĹ

˼Ҽ󷽣ֺǺǵı㿪ʼǻ
װ𣬡˼ңûˣ

˼Цλǲ

ǿջǰվŵĶλ׳ʿʶʡ

˼ֲͣ۾ȥʶʶϷھֵڷ򡣡

һЦͲǻˣ˼һǻݸ
ھſգȫԵУø㡣һˣôϲǻ

ԵϲϲؾǻҲԣһ·˿ջ
ջУ飬ͬλŶ̴򡣰ĿбӴӴôֱȥ˿ͷ

Ե߸˵ߵţ㣬һˡ
ţ߽ȥϵǻڱϣǿ

˵ֻͬ

䣬ȸͷ𣬡Ǻˣ





56.  ʮ   ϴ

Ǻˣ
ȸסˡ

Ǹ, 磬Цеλ磬Ҳǻ, ͬеСޣڴõ˸̯ͷһúŵľӡľӿȥЩͷˡ
ȸɨһ, ǰɴɡ 

е˶⻰, , ǲ˿ӡ
ԵæȥԼ, һ, ҵӲˡ

ס, һȻȥš

˽Կ
ºһЦ, лСֵܣҼСɾ顣
, ͬ˼Ǹ

ȸгİڣСӴ¥, ü۵Ĵ, ̽ģ
ô׾ӵɡ
û뵽Ȼġ
䵭ıȭ, Ǹ

޷޷
ҲֻǺ泯пһ, ֻƼ˷һϮһζȸźۼľ͵ǰ⣬ȻҼСɾҵ, Ҽл㣬Ⱦơִɼϣװһ㣬ֻͷƤЦĿţ磬λСֵܺһ

ӸһǮźۼͬһ񣬡ȥɣúúлл˼ҡ

ûϵȻһʱô飬Щ΢ĲӦֻ಻˼ֻǷҼү֮ͻӡ

ȸһЦļ򣬡үڴţҼһ棬ҵл§ŰǺţĽɴһ¥ȥˡ

ųԱߴ򿪵Ŀͷ߳ʹ˸ɫҲ¥ȥˣ»طš

ڴǰͷ˸ȫ˼

ԵǿʧõӣĲѣҺûʦҵġ

ѽôôСġ̾ǰ֮·дĥ··ϳ¡
ʵڲϲ鷳

ԵҲԻѣСԴϣǰûеǴľӵĺȴǴжϳ롣

˸ԵӴϣִ˸ۣԵССɾԣԺ϶ˡ

ԵϲϲؽӴ󣺡л㡣

ͷľӵ飬β
ſڣӣ¥һ˿Ƕǣ峿̣·ݵؽ磬ڴ˵أ¶ˡ
ԭΪһǵˣǡϡ
һͻûж⣬ɾ̽

Ŵڤ˼˾ͰĵԸ
Ժڿ˿ڣˣôڴ˺һҩԵŸ·ѾһȦСиݹᾣôӴ

ֵЩˣҿǵ

һ룬Ӧˣǣ»ȥһţԷ⡣
һ֧飬˷ǰݣҲ㰲ȫ

ͷԵԴҲطϢúù򡣡
ɲǳˣҲӵġ
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ӿͷã̶һյ·̣ȸ׳һ˵ݡ
ɵ˼գʢֳ⣬ҲǴŵĺˣʢԽǷھֵٶңڿջãΪ̸
ȸȻԭˡ
ѾҪߵʢԽǰʱǶʢԽҲĮĿǶˡ

ʢЩ飬æǰߵʢԽվţʢԽߵ˵ţүͻȥˣȷСɾ֮

ȸˣЦҾлʢٵңҼСɾ֮
Ҽǰл

ʢԽ̧ɫĮ˵ȴ֮ͣҳݡ
˲عһġ

ȸһ״ңԵлģǴ;˵أ˶ʶҪʢĺˣ鶨Ѱˡ

ʢԽɫ΢䣬СֵܵĹٻ˵ļƾʿ

Ѻ֣ڸߵˣصĿȸĵȴװȣ
ʢҲȥ

ǰѺȥΡ

ʢԽʻ
ȸȴǼ˵ҪлһƵģк˵СӰŵǮͳһ󷽵һǵͷõľơ
ʢӿǧͬҿ

ȸȥʢԽȴʢæȥ˿ջţǰһ·ۣ𣬡үǻǿˣЩ˴򾩶ģ;Ƿôǡ
ʢԽĮ㻰ȫ׳ˣʳʲô
ʢסôոնûüʹԷأԼȴұһأֻʢڷ˲֪˲Ҳûʲô

ʢԽջĿ⣬Ǽɲ򵥣嵶Ѱ֮ھѺڵʦǣ䱸ĵ߿ԶԶȲǼλ
ЩԾݲ򵥡

үôô붼ٷˡ

ʢʢԽɫԽžƺƣǿҪ̽һأ
ǿݾͲ򵥡
үɲǰһ嶯ˡ
嶯֣οͬʢԽûйϵ

롣ʢԽžƱĿɫ
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峿ǽ̫֣ס徻صԵɫϵ̯̯ʱˣͰסһ䷿һѣžۣôˣ

֡ԵڱרĵŽϴĶ
ɽÿ峿ּݾ֮û㣬ֵ

ƶͷȤŲһЦҴȥп

Եȴһأͬ˵𣬡ҪΣٳȥˡ
СͯţǼǵÿ𴲶Ρ
ڴǰĺϣĬ˾ġ

žȤ࿴˼ۣб϶Сͯպ϶޳ɴתϴͳţ¥ȥ˴ݡ

ʱɫѾ⼸ն˯ãһСıƽľЩ

ѾˮˣСɾѾڴõء

ʰϣãȻСͯٴĵط˫ָڴ̨°ͣͷ

˹ȥûз֡

ⲻսһʣͷôÿ

ţ㡣ԵһˣЩͻ˳ƺ
϶ǲܼȵˣŶõļΪ򵥣һ࣬һ׸⡣򵥵ţԵԵĸ߸ˣûʲôθڵⶼܺһࡣ

ȸʮֵľͷһնʢҵ˻᲻Χ֡
ǵǲ˲֮Ҳȡնµҩ裬׼̼·ʱǰɺżʢԽأȴӰû
˽һ

׺԰Ժ׼һɽݸԵϵ䣬ǲµʱ򣬾ͳһöɽ衣

ʻ˷򣬼ݡ

Ҳ֪˻ǲң˰ݱ߾̤ݵķΧͻ䣬˴ꡣߵĴıԭڣһǵ֮ƣЩֲ

ڳϣž죬Ÿųȥһƾɵۣװ٣üվ£һʱͣˡ

ȴڴ죬ܹһ۱꣬Ҳеһѵõļ
Ǿ͵СЩ£ǣ˴Ҳûˡ
ŵͷ˽ɾĹŵʰ£Щľͷݲݵ˻ѡ

ڷȥιгʱ֮ͣ⣬Ҳ˱ꡣ
⴦˵ĵۣԭлչĺۼһй·ڴЪš
ŵδȴѾϣ䱸ͷˡ

ð߽ʱȸЦӭǰʢӣɣôҲ˱ꡣ
кһţ磬λʢӡ·һʢԽڻɽҰһͬѰ顣
űȭ°ʢӴ

ʢԽ˱ˮʪĶңݸһԵʢ⣬ǸĮǳˣһӢȴΪޱ飬Ե΢΢ףĿ˰󣬡֪λи㣬ʢĳڴ˱ꡣ

üͷȴǺʢӣҼŮڴϢҪȥڷϢʢԽȻǱĿģɣǸ˵ء

˳ţƹֻۣд˴õģ©ˮ©ɸˡ
ֵܣǾͶˣҲռ˶ٵط

Ż˵Щʲôȴͷǲǽ˵꣬ĪΪ˼ˡ
ʢӣڴϢˡ

ŵŵˡ

ʢԽ̧۳˵֮˿ȥڹٵϣλĹңֻҴҿһۣԷñסգ˿Ǽæ˱꣬Է׼¶Ͼһ˫˼֮

ĿⲢδͣܿƿ˱𴦣ֻòͬлл
ʢԶĵطϢ
ʢᳵ·ıǽǶѷŵĿݲľģʼ

Ѿ˾֮ģ񳤷ǰӦ˻δʢԽʵ̫죬ڷ˵żڴ˵ô㲻ɺ˰ɣ
ȻûдʢԽϸܵ⡣

˴ͻȻ֮ͣǰе飬ǰĻů֣һŵʢԽ
ϻؼʢԽʱ;Щ֮壬ĮһһЦⶼûУͲЦ
ҴֶҲЦҲͬʢԽһ㣬ȥ;һˮа任һҲǸˡ

Ѳʦģ

ʢԽӰڶڵķ

ĥ˺һŵԵСʵ㣬Ϊʲôûˣǰ˹ôҳ

Сʿ˵ƾɵۣΪȫµĵ۾Ӧһ㣬޽ɽÿնҪɨᣬΣǸɸɾһȾʹô˴ķ˶꣬ãǰĲݶÿа˸ߣݶ©ˮǻҳ
ͷȥм˴ĵ񣬵Ҳ֩鲼ṩûûֻ˫ȱ۾

룬Ҳ֪Ǵǰ﷢һѣ˶˴˵ȥ𴦡
ö֮ûˣҲͻİƾˡ

һ˵Ե˲٣ʱʱؾתȥ

кһͳ

˹ۡ

æ˳˵֮ˣʢԽ֣Ե˵СԷôˣ

˵ĿⶼϣҲ⣬񣬼˵ţʮǰ˹ʢڴ˹ҵĵֻ֮Ǻսݱ֧ǽͶ˾ӪӴطͳ˻ķ֮ء

ս꣬⵱Ȼģû뵽ﾹôһ¡
ȻķˣǾ֤еĵǽսҲز

Ե֪һʣΪʲôأ

ʢԽĿϣΪͳ֮ǰƶһ˸УΪǶˡ

ͷֱãæȥԵֻԵ۾𾪣϶⻰һ
æԵ˵ţܣ˵ҲֻǴţȫš
Ӧʦ㲻ܿ޻ǵ𣿡

źͳʢӣôݣ

ʢԽĿһһδ

ʢæҪǰεأ
̫ƽǶͬУзھֵҲȫ

ЦЦп˵ţ˳·ԷֻˣϸһҪʲô

ԵҪ޳ˣȴʦ˵ܿޣͳǰܹȥҲܵ಻࣬ĬĬ˾ġ

ܣǱ䣬š
Եزˣһԭ
ԵӰССһţȥ

̾ҪǰοԵȴʢԽ߻
˽ǾĿŸǳɫǰֻʣʢӣлֱ˵

ʢæͣˣûж⡣ʢԽ䣬үͽͰ

ʢԽγѰ㣬ͣס˽Ųʣ֪λСɾǺιϵ



ܾòԾ˳ʢԽĿ⿴˹ȥȴǿԵѹܾʢԽڿȴֲ
ʢԽһֱʵԵСͯ

˻ǽܣ֪ʢкָ̣

ʢԽɫ˱仯ЩˣСɾ׽ܣ

벻ͨˣʢӣ̹֮ǰǲӦ˵⣬ǰ˵ɺϣǽأΪλ

ʢԽȴǳСͯ˹ȥ

ŻСͯǰָʢԽɫʢӣҼ㻰ء

ʢ⼱òУүЩ˶Ҫҷˣ񿴼һòģȻܲ˾͸ҹǰ
ºˣԷ˻ˡ

æڽͣλˣҼүġ

ʢԽȴƲںǰĵãȻԵȴᣬСɾпһ֣

Ե֪ΪΣܾʢӺУȴʵصҽԵû֡





57.  ʮ   ˡ

һ, ٵϵһʱܾʢԽĿߣԭڿ, ڿԵ

ʢԽ˿ɫĪԵ
Լ˺ܶ¡

縺չСͯ, ôһҲżεİء

վĬĬߵԵ

Եţ», û, Ƕ, ҲӲǰѶԷˡʱ˿Ҳ˿ʢԽ, ͬʢԽ֡

ʢԽɫһ, Ե֣Ե

⽫Сͯվ, ʢԽĿһ̾ϣǸĮ, ˸ոտԵĿ⻹һºڣ˾ͺͬŲ, ΢΢һЦ, ʢӣ, ʲô²ͬ˵Σ

ŵɰε, ⳯΢΢ף¡

ӡЩԸھ˸Ƴ, ³ǰʧ״

ͷĴԽԽ̬֮⴦۷·𱻴ɣݶ֪δƬͱˮƣˮ㵹

ⶢŰ꿴һ˲鲻̫ⳡµĵǲҲʢӵĹ¡

ʢԽһ˲⹰Ǹлﲻ

ܿǴ©ĵط˻ѣʢԽ˻ǰŴΧҲƲ⡣

Ե䣬С˵ţ㣬ʢӿȥҪˡ
СͲôޣʦɽ֮£޵Ĳѣʦ涼ˣҪŶŵʢԽȴź棬ʢӺƱͬʦֱգҪѹҲͬʦֱ 

ʢԽˣɵöԵ˳ǣЦȴ˸ЦԵñ졣
ſڣҪʲô¡

򴽣˴˿ɫƲԾˡ
ΪʢӲҵҪ׷Ұݣ㵽ף˺ˡ

ʢԽſڣȴû˵

ʢһԣæӲ𣬺ûͶ˵ǣ⡣ʢԽ˵ſڣʱƫ䶼ŵĺ˳ףͰͿ˿ڣң˵
ҪǲҿԸ߹Եɡ
ү֪һ뵽ٷ˵飬оܣɳͰɡ
ʢԽĬԴĬʢ˵

ȣҲƽϵ˭ڽ£ǸͰˣаɣǾ˵

ʢɫҲҼүʮˣھֶǹŵѪӣԳ׾磬үʮӭȢ÷ٷ˹ţ޶˸񡭡

ĿɨʢԽֻʢԽٷʱڱ˱ɫǿн

꣬үٷ˾͵һӣ䱦
СүʱүѺ뾩·ˣһֱھˣٷ˵֪Ϣļ٣ʹСү̤뾩ó̡

ֻǣ˭Ҳû뵽үھյٷҪ뾩ļź󣬹˰£Ҳٷ˵Ӱ

ʢ˵˵ԸٷʵλŮӣʢھֵ֮ʦ֮УԵøۣǶһ޶Ĵڡ
ʢȼǵõүٷ˸ճɻʱݺʱȻЦ⡣

һͷȥԵԵԵŹ£ǻ̫лŮ鰮£һ˫۾ãȻ޴롣

ĵϻɺϵ
ǲ·ͣһ˲ԵԵ
𣬹һҹҹ󣬵׶Щʲô

Ѿ˵˰֮ʢԽб֮ɫҲزס˫յһ㱡֣ճȭͷſڵķȥվŴꡣ

ʢⶼЩ½ǹ¶Ѿ˵ˡ

үʹڷ·;֮УѰٷ˵Ӱ

룬·ɽʯٵҲ˷֪֮ǰ˵һ꣬ɽ䣬ٷһôӴ˹

ʢһ٣үʯ˺ܾúܾõˣȴʯѲԶһҴ廧˵ʯ˵˹Զ򣬾ǹٸǰ޵·ʬףҲҪյʱ䡣и·˲ʬҰ˺üյʱ䣬Ǹ˻ĵء

үţȥ˷ǰرˡ
Ĺ֮еٷˣŮ͸ϳ˵ʬס
ΨȱСү

Щ꣬үһֱûзСү
˺ͷüƣͬСүһĺͯȥһʡ

ԭһүЩĻ䣬Сү

򴽣Ĺ£涼֮⡣ҲΪ˱˵Ĺ¶

ʢϿҵĸǲð
ʵڡգүڹٵϿԵСɾֻЩ⡣
ûʲô
ֻǺڿջˡ
үĿԵСɾżջʱϵ龹ˡ

ôɵ顣

黹飬̽ͬСɾĹϵ
û뵽ߵǸ֣Լʲôû̽˻

ٺ飬Ҳ֪ˡүһ·ںͷ˴˴ķϵĵۡ

ʢ˵£ǰţЩˡ

Եû̫ײŶģȴ
Լܱ¶Сͯݣ˫ʼС䡣

ûĸȥһҹڴǰֹסʱ򣬹һҹ䣬ɽţĸȥߣöܹžۡ

СͯʢԽûйϵҲԸڴΪȥ֮䡣
Ҳס

ŵȶ֪ԵԴ˾ռߣʲô֣Ļ

ֻʢɣŶŵСɾºű˫ۣ˫дʵģ˾ģ

ԾԵСɾʲô
СɾȥĴСΪֹôǸͨͯأͨͯȴ

룬ҼСܣͼڵۣڵྭġ
䣬Ϊȥٷ˶
⻰˵Ҳûд
ʢĹ£ôǳףȴΪ˻ѡ
ҲðȻԵг

ʢŵͷǵĿʢԽʢԽǰϴŵĺ£ƽڸһ㡣

ͻȻԵû˵˺Ҳһ꣬Ϊٷ˻Ǹĺӡ

֪ãûԼ˭һ̣ȻЩɻʱһ⾰Ҳûͬ԰˵ֻ˵Ǳġ
һʱҲЩꡣ

үЩΪٷĸӣЩһֱδȢ
ҼүΪ˲֪ٴΡ

̾һΪյĹβ룬үⱲӶǹһˡ

겻֪ʱ̬˵ػҰݣǸùҹĵطſɫʱּһ·棬ſԼ·һվϢ

ͬ㱨꣬ҲӦˣʵЩ䡣

߰ɣܡԵСԴǣվ

Եȴ˻֣㣬֮ǰһһ¡

ʲôһʡ

ΪȥϳԵ۰Ͱ͵Ŀŵʯ񣬾ѾķˣҲ뿴ŵʯ֩ͳ

̾һʵۣСͯһŵġ

ȥɡصðȥæ

ûдӵȥʢԽˣʢкδ㡣Ȼ֪ҼСܲǹСӣǲǸûط򣿡
Ҫٸˡ

ʢԽĿһֱ뿪ڰŰ¾ų˽ȥ֩ԵϣѾĪڸĻʱڻعͷվڲԶ
λ겻̸²Ѱ˼ܹĹŮӣֲλŮŶ΢˵ˡ

ݵĹңǴӾݡ
ǲҪ˰æ

ʢԽ˿ڣЩ󣬡Ҫȥδǰ

ôʢӻģšüľ

ʢԽֵ̫ƽ˵ʥүıӻ˴رϷأǴȫĵطһƵ

ҲʲôֻƽĿĵء
ʢмҲܻסһһ

⻰ΪôóڴˣһգݵĳֲʿͻǰӦȡ
ҪһССھֵٵˣ
˵ЩʲôȴʢԽڡ

ʢĳԴŹСɾ񡣡ʢԽ˵ļΪϿҡ

ʢ֪үͬԵСɾദЩӣæǻˣǻʳǸĹͣʳͷȻǰȫޱȵģݵƫԶ֮أ⼸Ϊº󣬾ͳ˺öء

ŶһĿӥһ㿴ʢ⣬ʢⱳһæȥԭݶһˮסصϡ

ˡ
£ͬʲôϵ

ʢæͷͷͬʳλ˵֮ò˵λСܳ裬˳˳ˮǣ˵סĹɹǻ²˳ĳйء
ҿұų
Ҫǳ˳ȴֹס

һĻ˳˳ͬʲôϵȻҪ˵죬ʵǺǧ֮ݵ׷ʲôͬй֮£ʮΪѵҲգȻʢִҪͣôȹ͵͵󡣡

Ҳ⣬Уӣȥ

Եڴһİæ£ɾ˵ʯͷǺ飬ȴǻϲģʯҾĬһлתһʹһﶼڿЩ˼æ⡣

Դˡ

ԺԵŷֶͷˣſڳϣͬͷʢԽĿԡ

λʩ϶á
򴽣Щ֪˵ʲôá

ϵˮûȫɵԵСԴ濿ţͷˮʪˡ
ȥˣ˸Žš

㣬ʢʩΪʲôҪͬһԵûס

ⲻͬ˵ЩƵ飬ֻǸˣ˵Ҫȥˮ򡣡

ˮǵʼĵطҲĸλز۵ӣĵط԰꣬ܳ侲ͬǺ֮أɼӾġ

̾һô˴ֶӡ
˳Զţȫֶͬûйϵ
֮ǰΪ˶ֶӣȥֻۣҲƴ˷֮·ÿտ¾ֶ

ʢԽ˵ݲ̫ƽʱʱһ˲侹ȻЩϣ֮ãֶӾߡ
ֻϧս𲻶ϣҲ֪ʱˡ
԰䭵ûץԫh
ûˡ
ûɾξ֮еĴڡ

Ҫʱƽؾ
Ҫʱټأ

겻ʶζ꣬ȴϵĳζһ顣
룬ٲʲô飬ܹ׵ؾͽ塣

ԵԴ˭

Ƶ̾һˣ

Եͷɽϵ϶ҹˣҲ֪ʦûȥɡ

ԵСʲôн˼ˣҲûСͯ˼Զˡ

׿Ժ֮޵ӰĿԵܣһ⣬Ҫʵشҡ

ԵĻصá
ССͯⱲֻһλѣ˵Լǹİܡ

ЩԥģһӶڵ𣿡

Ȼˣǳˣô᲻ڵأԵ벻ףְһڵء

룬ǻ⣬״ƲĿ˵𣬡ϲֹʦĵء

ϣûʥһ㣬ǴʯͷĳģСǶԼĵء

ԵİСͯʵǱסˡ
ĵʲôӵģ
ʦʲôͬأ

˳˼Ҳûдߴ١

ԺⶼΪСͯǷشˣȴСͯɻ󿪿ڣҵĵﻹڣΪʲôۿأ

ķʣֱӽҲסˡ
*
ʢӣµ棿ޱȣȴֻװȡ

ʢԽ࣬һǰŻشŵ⡣
ݲٵطֻҵ˵Ϊ̫̫̫ʹһֱΪĸТ
I
ʢԽԥƬ̣ܶʥүµ´ĶС

װһţҪųĹµˣʵǲ١
ԲͬʢԽ۵飬ֻǰš
ȴʼ岻

½֪̫̫ݵһŮ
λ̫̫ߵ϶̫̫ŮȴƱĳ谮š
ȻȻĸˡ
ܵģʿ

վŻĵЦЩŭ
ͬʢԽ˵顪
ݲٰգȻҪͬݵ˼ٸ֤ԼǳĸЩùٸȥͬס

ѹŭжʢԽֶһС
ʢԽ˲򵥣Ϊ̫̫ТסۣСͯݱ¶˴룬ʢԽҲѾµӵݡ
ʢԽһ·УҲ֪Ǻǻ





58.  ʮ   ĸ

ʢһͯҥ
С, ڴβĺͯˣһڳͯҥ

ʹסų鱦ɽ, ޳д꣬ԭҼŮȮɡ

ٽƻʱ, Ҽһʼһæϴ, Ǳ㿳ˮ, ֻкͯ, Գеʱ, һˣ֡

һ, ׯⲻԶĹٵƶ

´꣬ȴּá
ͷ˺ͯЦ, 㲻ɵ˳ȥŲԶĴ, ڴڵĴ, м֮⡣

鶼, ǲ

ͯǺһŰƻĳͯҥ
͸΢΢ͷ, š
ͯǳһףһס

ʹסų

ʹ, 

ȻۣЩСһôйͯҥأ
߻ʵԶԶھ, ûйͯҥֱȴͯҥ㲻ǿޡ

ͯȻǲ֪ͯҥĳǲԶĹٵšɸ߸˵ĳš

鱦ɽ

ͯǵԽ

ͷϳİţͣҪһͯҥ泪Щʲô

ʢԽͶ⣬еɫһ䡣

޳дꡣ

ͣ£⾲ͷͯҥ

ͯͻȻͱһЦԭҼŮȮɡ

ڵĺͯڳһ䣬ȸԾĿʼţš

ԭҼŮⲻɵøš
ĸŮ£ĸǰѾѸ¡ûѪԵϵ£ҲѾˡ
ĸĸ籦Ľĸ׵
ʱȻҲһ룬ĸôˣǽˣбԭŻᱻʸؼҡ
ĸûͬĸŮ\\Ů֮ĸأ

Ȼʱˣʲôģʲô֣Ǻ˻ǻˡ
ȴĸТУȥЩ£ݣҲֻҵλز۵ĺӷǰΪɨĹ㣬ĸ˼ת
ûҪѰĸ

ЩͯôͻȻ䣬ͽ±ųһͯҥ

ЩͯǾͯҥϿڣȻֿʼŰƳ
Ƶĸһ䣬Ȯɡ
źе飬ͻȻ֮ɢһ⣬һɡ

ԵЩʲôСС𣬡㣬ǲڳ㣿
ԵʶĹֻˣЩͯǿгŵĹڹͯҥ϶Ҳǳˡ

ͯҥҲɫȴʢԽͶ˻ڲ࣬ȰӣҪˣȸվϢɺã
˵ͯҥ֪вŭѹ

ھĵģӦ

ʢһ֪˿̼ͣϢҲ˺ͯǳͯҥɵͬʢԽпүͯҥȻСͯᳪˣĿ졣

ʢԽĿڳеÿɨϣڣסڣԺ¡

ʢãȻΪʲôᣬѲΪλǳҲӦðӦסڽשߣĻʹź򣬷ſ֣Žʳ

λ俴žʵôܳԵݸ·Ŀ࣬ỹ̩ȻǼƾɵүĹأ

ʢܿ˵Լ

ʢԽһۣĬ

֪˶ãͯǵԶȥǵйڳ֮յͯҥɢ˷С

ͯҥѾʼ

֪˶ãڲų߰ɡΡ

ڵִվźݵĳԼýӦĵصǴ˴
ǣΪվһͱʰɾʮڴ˵Ⱥ

վǰͣʱվվŵһֲ֪ʱʢԽԽԽлĵĲǶԵģܱ򶨡
ʢһɵõʣүվʲôʱɭˣⲻվȻҲǹٸ裬רأܽϢĿЪŵĵطվҲû޷Ǿֻɨ󷹵ۣôڴ˱վİȫ

ڣ˳ݳǽԹְֹȣһͽ˷΢ݣһӦӼ򣬲šɵҪӭ˼ǾԴŶʮǰӭӡ

΢΢ףض񡣡ţôôˣ
һӣһ·ˣҲˣʲôٷԸҲ١

Ӧ̧ͣŽվ

ʢվȺͷȵĺϲ£졣
Ĺﵽļҹ
ŽȥȴŴס
ŵȻĿʢԽʢ

ģһָ
ʢԽ֪϶ȥվȴҲû뿪˵ͷŰŶȥ

ʢ⻹֪˺£ӼվȻȥˣֻಽʢԽš
˼͵ͣ˽Ų
òᣬòǰĺ˼뾹Ȼģ

ڴ˵Ⱥ֮УһǰһǸ˵ݣ˵ƫԶƾɣίҹڴϢˮ򣬱ְѾõĿջϢ

Ŵ˵ػ㲻ýšһվɾֶ࣬ǰ㽿ĺܣеҳĵطͲԸˡ

ʵǳ

ϻ̳Ͽ֣Ǳְûȥӣǰ³뿪ݺʮҲûеݡ
ǵһ۱ϳ˭

ֵͬ⵹ǳü񣬲ֵܡ
ֵܣСûô棬ȴΪѪԵĹϵƵòһǣ֪ˡ

õ֣ܵҲɵøһ˿Ц⣬Ǹǰĸְһʣ֪ɻá治һյĹ򣬳ǰλĳЩ˽⡣
˵ضǽġ
û뵽Ҳ糾͵ĸ·ǧݣ⴦ƾɵվڣһյҶݳĲˮ

׽֮⡣

Ҳ⣬һܺãֻ֪սңڱߣȻҲȥݣҲܾûˡ

̾һսңսҲ֪ʱͣЪ

ʶһıӣ״ƲĿڣݿһжã

æ˼֮ѳصȥּ׽ϸǲ⣬ݸɨһأһֱնδ쳣

Ųյ˳ָΪյָ̣ͷ΢΢ź졣
ȴ볣Ȧӣݵһͯҥ

ɫһ䣬⽫ͯҥ̵ϥϢŭ

ûͬ˵˵ͯҥζ𣿡̧֣վػ

һ˼صǰˮʼͯҥ

ͯҥմʱ򣬱ְ˽ͯҥ֮׽˴Ρ
ǸµĻ죬飬ﶼڱֻʣһؾұൽͷϣȻǲӲ

ˣģûв鵽кɵ㡣

ͯҥԽԽ㣬ֵͷˡ
Щԥ֪Ҫ˵飬᲻ᴥŭ⡣

⻺˵ˣҲ㡣

æǡ

ͯҥºжȥٸġ

Ƥһ򸾡

ԳɣǵƣǶǹĸҪٸǶϾϡ
Ƕ򸾵ʱۣһ־ͺ䶯ݡ
ʿ˭֪̫̫ݲӣ˵Ǹûܻȡ֮ʥү̫̫ĳ
ºǸ߸ϣĳ
ĸгһ˳ŮǵλˮǴߣպᵽͷŽʳĸӣ

һ٣ĸ
ĸ֣˶ǾƽĺɲΡ
ɵþס˺ųġ

˵ְǲţս˵ıһ˾ǵΪұĹϵ

Դ˿ͷÿ춼вͬȥٸģĹϵ
Ļ飬һʱܶϾ
һˣһ

֪ܶǽƫ棬ҪһƽƵǰ̣ƫ漰˳˽ÿһǰٸ֮˵װס

Ҫͬݵķ糱ݲһµʱҡ
ݽʿѹץ˺Щ˹ؽηҲûȫֹ

ݣһֵķ
ÿ˶óǴԼУȥʼҵġ
ӦҪȥʳǣסʹٻ
ЩѾħģΩΩФĹ£ԼŲɡ

ǵʲôˣҲ˵ԼһǱġ

Щԥ֪

򴽣ڵ֪

ŵ򸾣ˮһͨ򸾣׶ʮ꣬ӣְȲ鵽ʮǰͷһ̥ȷǸŮ
ǸӸͱĸӽˮ
˵꣬ҲЩ

͵ס죬඼Ҫűĳһ㣬ĸˣ
ԾˣŹֵ飬׽ܵ⣬˿ҲΪ𶯡

ԵһţҲ¶˲̵ɫ
֪Щ䲻ĵĹأЩطϱͷ̥ŮгͻŮ˼ɣ
ϵĺӣһʱ˵·ߣô᷸ɥĴأ

Щ£ȴɼʣҲֻüش𣬡ְʹ˵ھӣΪ˽žס˸ûʣйü١
ǸѾʮ꣬ǱĸģǸϸҲѾţΪǸ

ԵѾ˫ۣ˫ʼСžġ

һˮֲ֪ʱȭͷֻпʼȼܵŭ𣬡أ

ֻˮһ֪
ְδܽ£Ǳְʧְ
⼸ݷ飬Ѿ㹻˼
˵ֲ֪ôӺ˵

ӣҲˣҲ١һȰţǽȰȥͷϢˡ

ԵСͯΪʧվڣһС˰һ㡣
쳾ô㺧ŵء
ĸɱŮΪҪɱأ

ǽƼԵڳߣϵΪҲʮֿ

Ͼ˼СɾҲطϢɣջҪ·ǰˮ򡣡

Եҡҡͷȴٽȥ
ոĹ£С˲ĥĿ־壬ˣһ˴ڷҪŰ׸һطſԡ

˵䣬̧߽˴ã󻹸ʢԽ

أ߽ãԵҲֻСԴȥͬҪ¡Ե˼˿̴ţڳϣ˫ֳ°ͰĵŰš

룬ʢԽĬĬؾĶ棬Ŀ

ԵҲʢԽƣһһС˺һʢԽȿ˿ڣ𣿡һյ·СһҲֻһٸ϶ˡ

ԵĶڸһ㣬Щ˼ҺĶˣװһ㡣ĺɰ򿪷ϣװ̶⣬⻹ڷʱģϲˡ

ʢԽĿ⣬º͡ȴԵû̳Ը㣬ǽɰǰһƣʢ壬Ҳһɣ϶Ҳˡʢʩȥɸߴˣ϶ҪԸĶ÷ʱʢʩֻˮ

ʢԽŽǰ̶⣬ȴûж

ʢ岻ϲ̶𣿡Եʡ

ʢԽȴվ֣ȥ벻ȥ

Ե֪ΪΣ˫ȱԴĻ죬ߵʢԽԣȴûǣ֣ǳˣܺǣʩ֡

ʢԽҲûִҪǣֻǷ˲ͬһ˳

ͬ˵İƳһһСȥ򣬲ɵɫһ١
ôˣʵ
ûʲôջĿ⡣
ˣһûʹ㣬Ϊλͬʢٵңһݣ

ʶŷʡ

˵ͷʢҵھúܴ󣬶⼸ǲæ

վĳˮʢԽԵΪнĿڣݵطʣҪʲô

Ե˵ģһ䶼
ʢԽɫ糣ȡ˶ϣһá

Ǯʹľͽ

Ե֪Ҫʲǫֻ̂ͷŲ
ʢԽɫһ٣ʵջ𣿡

Եͷûаԥ˵ġ˵ű㳯ᳵ·Ų

ʢԽ˵𣬡һͳ˼ңΪλ˲£
⻰ԵЩ޴룬ûͬ˵Щ⣬ӦôشŶԡ

ҺʢԽûд׷ʵף뷭ķˮֽƬˮС

һãԵֻŸпտգ̶Ҳˡ
͡

ʢԽƵǰ԰ɡ

Եһ˫۾ʱԲˣʢ壬Ϊ𣿡

šʢԽͷһ죬ҪһȺ

Եʾ֭һ룬㽫װ̶ĺɰݵʢԽǰʦ˵ñ˵Ķʢ壬̶㻻һ棬𣿡





59.  ʮ   ͷѪ

ʢ, սӣսգ, ʿǣ˳׷оֻԫh˽թǳ;з, սơ

ڻˮӱߣǧ, ᴩ, ֮ϵ, Ǵӻˮ, һĸ׺, ػΪе鹩Դ

, Ϸȥ֧, ǰֲ֪ʱ, ˵ذ˰ݡ

Զ, ̧ͷվڵ̰֮ϣĬԶĵ
ϲŭڱ, ǰһȴҪʱ̴Ħӵ顣
ս´ʤӦüòŶԡ
ɿȥ, ȴء
ǵս£
ԫhʵǹƻģҲ֪ܹ˵ˣͣɱԮǱɿ, ΪλϾִս£ɳ˵һ򾫱޶

оڽڻʱ֮ơ
˴̣ҲĽԱ

˼ţȴţæš
һ
ݡ
ˣŵķ򣬲ݵڡ
ñ˼֮ˡ
Ҳ֪λСݿɻȫ

ͻȻףΪս´ʤҲϲɫ

Ƿţǰ¡
ԺǷڷ˽β
ĵںһ֣䵭üۣЦȾ

СĿڣ£оɾսǰԶս
СС˼ͷ㱻޿޴ۿԫh˿Σ

һ㶣סˡ
ԫhǸЩʲôȫ²С

ˣҲֻýʾ֭˼ūԫhūűȫ֮أ²֣ʿصʱ

˵ʧΣֻȻˣɲǸˡ
ƴζһ磬΢΢ۣƺ̶īɫ˫вǰ¡

Ǹͷβķӡ

ںδ
ͻںδ

ûס
*
ˮһֵ֣ơ

̾ţҲ֪԰ûյҵšݰ˰ԶһţٿҲղʹ
֮У۽硣
һҪ԰Ҳ֪
֮󣬿治С飬ǳ
Ҳ֪սˡ
ʱս´ʤ԰䭿Է³ͬһ𿴿ص£ͺˡ

ԵһԣҲ֪ʦûյҵš˵Ҫʩһȥʦҹ˼Ҳæдһţ빫һ͵ʦС

⿴ۣԥԥҪһʣûðŽʢԽͶ˸ߣԴվЪº󣬰ͬ˵ʢԽΪԵһ濪ʼ˾׽ԵȻҲһһʢԽ
ʢʩˡ
ԶԣСͯȻͱһˣǲ

ֻʢԽճ˸Ե⣬żͬ˵˵ҲûԵǰ

֪˶ãһķ·Ҫ̴˶Ŀ˼
ÿʣ⿴ȥŷѾˮĴϡ
ǵĸˣڵأޣһ̥ʮµŮѽүʹģ뾩ͬҵŮϰɡ

ðͣڴߣΧǰճֹ˺üأ֪ôӺοڵĹ¡

˽ץס۵ĹٱõƿЩ˻뾩Ҳ̫һϹèӣͷгѪףǺأ
ٱѹŭǴ֮ǰѾصϷһ㣬侲ʵ˵ǳĸܵó֤

֤أ

˵Ŀүҵϵһ⣬ĸŮģҼһоװˡ

ٱһЩΪٻֻķ
Ѿʲʲôˣٱλͬţȥ˵

ΧһΧ۵İգٱĻ֣ɢˣ񣬶ȥηһȦǲǣһɢǶԷ֮˾ռߣֲˣһһ˵Ż
ⶼǽյڶҪҪҪϾ׵ˡ
ɲǣЩ˻ΪԼһޣһ֣ܷɻڴˣ

⿴̣˵ͷʲôζ
Ϸ룬ݵ׷˶

ԵͻȻתͷɻ󣬡㣬˵λŮʩģжûˮΪʲôҪأ
ʵʳ˾衣
ԴĳΪԭ޲ȴñΪڿޣԽԽ޵ԼԼڿޡ

Եʼ˼λ˼

߰ɡԸȥǰ
ˮͣȺĵ

ͷ֪ĸط˿أŶǰŮ룬ֻټһϷ롣

Ÿʵʱ䳾ƫƫڳЩ˿еĻĵ̸ʣǸɢƽϵӣ˵ǲǲܵġ
ЩΪĸĨڣ
ĸȥŮģݵ޼ɵǵס

ôˣȻġ
ΪɣΪǧ˼ȡֵĸףôܻգĸߴأ
ȫš
ԣ϶Щ˿˵ǰ㣬ĸ롣

ݣǵúúôϼա

ˮݸʮأ峿ˣڴ˴ʱͱϱϳѪ׵¼
ʥǱ֮أʥڴˣ赲סһտʮİҵҪİճЦɨأպ뾩ְ֮ʱָͬš

ĳݿ쵽ˡӴҴ

һװŴȥ
λ˿дŵȻ
ҵ뾩׵Ϸ룬ҪĻ

ſʱƼһСʻ
λʮĳҲǼģֻʱССһˣʥ۵飬˭ƳǱʥۼأ

ʣվȣһ֮ϳ
̧ͷȥһλоų֮ߣ÷ͷܿģͷף׵ߡ

ض񡣡
һ˼٣ʱҲǸСݾܶߣѹס䴫ԣô

Цһ˲ϺѣֻѾ˵ݽĴţϳܣƽϢš

̾ͷ̰ܹ׽˸γأ

ԵҼȻˣԴá

оȿûжλж˽⣬ֻǴЩʱʱĴ֪
Ȼмֵڻүǰ˵ʱĸܡ

Ŀ죬һʣɻ£

ջĿ⣬пţϳӹϣ·Ƽ˻ү
飬үһģһ

˵ǳФ游ͷһ
Щ棬϶֪ǸŮˣҪ˿ܲԵɵİķС

ûᣬֻһ·۳Ͷ٣ЪϢѾ½ӷ硣

⴦լԺˮ˽լԭסݸУĵײдԼҷ˴Ůˮд͡

˼֮ͬϡ
Тڣǽӷ磬Ҳز磬ùȥΪ׼סר־׼ż֮

¶ܼȥΪǸɨĹ룬ȴĸԸ
ТļÿҪؾһոĸ󣬶һΪǸ׼ġ
˽գѾһ
Уһ鵱ԭΪ˸Ǻ׼ĳȴ꣬˳ŽҪ֮С

ͷӣȸѾݵͼʶҵĹԵСʦʢٵȥõͷŵԵҲȥˡ

˵ͷЩпû뵽ԵŹЩԵģ˵ûԵСȴѾģзµһӦ̣ԵҲ֪
ԭӦΪǸӣһõʦΪоȡ
룬ǸӲ̫ҡ
һ̣Ҳʡԡ
Եʹó

ͷͬһ׼ż֮

˵ڶ峿ɫʱһǳ̤˼֮·
СʱϳľȸӣǰͷǷأǵˡ

æͣ£³УĪ߰
һƬֻлѶѳɵһʱЩãȻ
ô֮ء
һһĻѣĹҲ֧һľ壬ЩͷЩľƲֻһľƣͺͺǶ֮ˣ˭֪ҲǰΪ롣

ȥһ޼ʵķĹʵ𺳣Ƕ߻ߵĿ֮

˺һԼ֣ͬһ߸ھȸһߵ˵ڣ֪ж֮˵ʬǣкܶز۵ĺӣ֮ǰšǰʶǳ֪жǰԻ֮ˡ

ͬŻ˽Ų¾ߣο⣬¡

ˣҲǺ£кκµأֻ룬ΪҪڴˡ
ǸӵĸӣΪƫƫ⴦֮У

֪Ӷٷǰ̧ͷһƼԵץֽǮڿС
һССķأͬķûֻһѻһľƳɵı

˽ŲȥԵеľģ˱ǰḧľ֮ϣǵССĿ̺ۣһֻССϤ
Фʱһģһ
ֻּ

ͷǧ˼ͬССͯӳһ̣ԭǲûйϵĶȴĹϵ
ϣҲֻѪܳΪˡ
ǶͬһԵ
Ȼʮ֪꣬ԼǵŮ
Ѫ֮ȴҲ᲻ʮѾԽѪԵ顣

ῪڣҲ֪ý绹ǵܵܣϾҲ֪ĳʱ룬϶ҲǾԽƵġ
ǽ㣬ǵܵܣɺã

ܵܣЩ꣬һҲܹµ

ԭͬҪʬǴؾᣬ˵ϲ
һ٣˵ѾͬͰžۣ϶ٹµˡ

չױдļģ⼸дľĺ󣬷Ҵݵ飬㡣
ḧľƣҪ飬һɡ

ʣֽǮתЩ֮ȥ
Ե۵žģΪǧ顣

ˣɫ
ÿ

*
ԫhԵǸԶ屡һֽƵģӭͻᵹ
ԭǿŲ¶֮С
˫΢أǿԶԶкΪˮѾʧȥ˹뻴ˮԱʱ񱻷׷ϣɥ֮Ȯ

һЦԡ
ɥ֮Ȯ
ɥ֮Ȯ磬ûмˡ
֮ͽòȥ
ֻϧ֪ÿһľٶÿһΣֻһţղԸ棬Ϊλ
үҲΪƫ䭣ϵĺ˶

ԫh߸˯}Ц⣬˿ȥҡ

֪ʱаվбһ磬еӣɽϷҪС塣

ԫh̲סЦ࣬һ˶ˣΪһⳡɽ֮У

ʲôҲû˵ֻɼΪϵ硣

ԫhķһ󶴣ͷţƴؿԣȴҲȲЩ硣Ժֹס˿ԡ

һ˼ɽվ󣬡νһǰ˴Żжҵȵĺ

ԫhЦһܣѾˡһϵˣ˶³ʱ˭Ҳܲˡ
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ڶ峿ˮĲϣͻȻһ¸ݸӡĸʾ

˴˳
ʹأѪԾ볤ߣԽǰţȡһͷѪʹܱ١
Ϊߣʹ뾩ͬϣͷѪ

ԣΧ۵İԽԽ࣬Ÿʾݣ۷׷ס

զҪʼѰˡ
ͷѪʲô

Ц㶼֪˼ҳ˵һӲʮͷѪˣأҲˡ

ѰŶҪƳҩɡ
˭ȥŶҪԼȥġ

֮ǰ˵Ůȥһԣһ棬ȥˡ

ǰǸ㼺Щ˾ųֻΪƭȥΪβЩ˵ĻȴǶ֮ͣǰЩȥٸԳƳѪ׵ˣҲûܵ𷣣һԣӮ˾ǽǰ̣ҲԲ˿

ݸУһڲ裬ȥе⣬á

ڣһݸǰ̧ԩľͱ졣

ˡ
̾ʾ˲ʱЩ˾ô಻ס





60.  ʮ   ˫һ

һ, ưĶס
µмվһһŮķ򸾶ˡ
˴˴˱һֱվţôǸȡһѪ, Ҳǡ

˸ԵһͷѪУдϸϣ֪ʲô, ǵѪһУʱеһѪںϡ
򽫽ϸ⡣

ʹ, , ͬѪͬ

¶ϲʤ, ںһ, ʹǵѪͬͬġ
ǻһ, Դӱ˴˵пδѴѵڳ֡

ҲϲǸ߲, ˵İģͻȻͱЦ, £̨, , Ĳǵþˡ
æʾ⣬λ, ǣǹ֪, СԴ
æظ˰ӣ¡

λܳΪ˳ĸ, ҪȻ߸ϵĹʹߣôͻȻͶ˹

Ƕϣ鼤ãȻʧ롣
ӵӵ״࣬ʵ֪Ǻʱ뾩ȥ

˰ǰЦǲλ϶ͬס
긾æʮ»̥Ůѽ

Цľ͸ˣȻ
Ҿ͸һ£׼ˣǾ뾩

ʹߴˣ˵ˡ

Ỻ˿ڣһֲѾ֪ˣǶλ뾩һΪ˹ףΪ˸β

ⲡأҪһͬ

˽ãȻɶ˼

̾һԵͬǽ

Ҫȥ͵ĸ֮һΪ
˭ԸΪȥأ

Ļ䣬ϲɫȥʼס
⣬ͬףôҪأ

һüôλԸ

ڷӦ˹
*
ݾڣй׳£һձһ֡
ȻԽԽļð֮˳֡
ǴҶֻĿţÿһ߽ôŵӣ֣ҪͶԷһ
Щ˸ʾǰŵߣʮĳͷȥʱȴͬһ㣬սս˸õĴš

޲ΪʹߣǵͷѪԺϲΪԼܹǰʱִĸһܡ

ĲҪѪԸ⣬ȬԻά֮Ľ鱦޳У£ӹٽ
ͿλѪԸ׳ˡ
ôҲͬѪԵϵѪ
ԣҪ볤ף򸾶ͷҪһС
˿˭Ըˡ

ȻԸ⽫Լ׳
Ͼ˶ˣҪٻأ

ΪϢڴݵÿһطЩ̰˲֪ٵˣս٣ǰһƷħΪԼͬݹϵ

һնˣ׺ɵЦãⳡ׷粨ǹȥˡ
ܹɿˡ
ΪΪʳ
ɵһ˷ԼɥٻһԺ
Ƿ̰֮ģȻȻҲ͵ˡ
ȡ֮ģǿʼԹΪʲôԷΪһٵٻ󣬶ȥأ

ͷأ⻰емȻʧ䡣
ÿ춼Ųһĳªġ
ȻҲֶĸʲôˣ˼ֺ档
*
ݴ꣬ˮˮ汩ǣգ͵ǶԵоսָƣڻо޿֮ء
ŵƣԫhһɣʮӮ˻غĴϢʱ

½ȰԫhϽϴ鵺

ԫhɤѾƣ䭶δˣΪҪˣ
ս֮ʱ
ĻǶĲãȥɱ㱻ƽ⡣ϲʵڲ⣬еĺһձһո 
䭾ǰˣ
ҲҪᡣ

ǿĲδ󺣣ǰϡɼ׷ǰӰǰһ㹭ս֪ʱѾվֱмֵ֮ӵ

ö꣬Ϊ˵ȵֵһ̡

࣬׼ˡ

콹׼ػغ򣬼ԫhŲæУǲ⣬ʲôʤ֮

ԫhһЦɫƽż֮ɫǴ󺣣βٵȵȣſɥ˵أϴкѣ

˳˼֮Уֻԫh½ɵ׼ЩʲôҲ˼ְ
ԫh뿪ǲҲٵȵȣ

ǰ̽ӻ˵ظһأ

ԫh򰢿࣬೯ͷѾ׼׵

ԫhǸһ˿΢ЦϷҪͬΣ
֮ء

ڣ洫ǧʱ׷ϡ
ٴν֣ԫhϤĲϤһʱŰʾ⡣

࿳һɳ֮е
վŵĵ棬ʼ𶯣վվȡ
г˯ľѣˮͣӿš
ԫhãһ̼ɲΣƷ֮ƣϯϰ

죬֪ԫhҪԫh㣡
û˵꣬㱻˴£뺣ˮ

û˿ڴ󺣵ŭл¡

۵ңڱˮС
*
һоѡ
лǻ谵һƬ֤⻹ҹߵʱ䡣
ԼĶͷȴѾǺ飬˸جһ㣬ˡ
Σȴְ벻˺¡

ͬߣҲ˹˯£ôˣҪˮ

ؿڣǿžƽϢҲˮجΣ벻μʲô

ź󱳣һʪ㰲οҹȵЩͬѰˡ
ЬȥԵһˮ˹ºЩˮЩ
ͷ豭С

Ҫȥƴȴû뵽սƿڵҹͻȻһ磬漴ľף⧲
ҹѿ˲֪ٵ϶

һٲҴڴߣæصϡ
֪˶ã֮м졣

һҹͬͶû˯õʱ

ڶ峿궼ûͣЪ

վ£ŵϵˮѾҪ̨£ܹûĽ˶
вⳡ껹Ҫ¶ã
˿ɢȥѹѹĺҹ

ɢˣⳡͣˡ˵

ͷЩ
˰֮ݿɲҪΪⳡ꣬ա

һգǱĿӿݡ
⴩ľ̤Ҫȥˮнصسɢ

Ǵķص޵Ĳιֻ̣ûѵһĴ·ĹеʬҲ԰

мǹţԵȴһͣ£ʹȥ
·;ߣڣһжеĵǳ棬вݾԶķѾˢţ¶ͷʬ֮

ߵĿĵأȴһλߣ²ŵϵ

ǰʣǺˣ

һСͷӲ˭òҪ˵ġ
ַŵѵŰţĪҪ󳳴֣ߡ

£ҪʲôŻɵĿ

Сͷһµѷڷضͷѹƽ㿴£޷ء

߽ˣ˻棬⴦Ĺˣ֪˭زĵܵڴ˵أк˰޷أ
ѵǣʵڴ˵֮ˣ

ǰһȴ߿ɫһţ¾ӡ
꼫ˣû뵽ȴǲܵıȰŵ˻Ҫ졣
Ȼܵøˡ

׷һӺڼŰŽ߸ס
һȴ⴦ͷȻ޽һéݣģéݾ͸סĵط

ҲѾ׷һСͷɶŶ

⳯˰֣ǷĹǺӵĽ㣬ҼΪ޷أԲ⡣

ɫһɶ㣿

㣬㣬ǣŵĳźˣȫںŵĵ͵֮ϡ

⸱ģȷ˼ҿ϶֪Щʲô

ţ˼ˡ
Ż˼ңǧ˵أֻΪҵܵһ㣬Щ飬Ҳʡ
ȻΪҵܵ޷أʶҸס
ȻҲүİţܸһ

ڲҲٺ£𽥵Ĵ𾪿ʼ侲ƿ˰ŵĵСӣҪ㶯

󣬳˵˵ûĸףǾʶ
ɡ

Ŵ˾éΧ
éǰԺԺûʲôֻһƹ˩ţԴĪҷ͡
ƹֻûзͽһ

ңԺɡֵ

˵ͷŰ¡
Ķˮ߲⾪һأȴ̨ϣװ

ϰԵҶ̸ȴֹ˼ǰСֻϣ̾һǰսǣͷ˵ͷλʹߣǰѰҳĸ
û뵽ԭǳˡ
Ҳû뵽ʱ󣬻ܼСŮӤ

æʣҸʵľʶ

ߵ˵ͷҴǰڻүǰź򡣡
ֻǻүؾʱݣԹʶҡ

ΪػҵܵܵķĹס𣿡ʡ



ĵллЩΪĹ

ߺһЦΪҪͬҵлҷ֮°ˡ

򴽣һʱֲ֪
飬û׼λ֪ġ

Ҳ˼㲻ʣͿ˿ڣݣΪѰĸɡ
ȴ룬ҡҡͷˣصֻΪĸԸΪһ㡣

⣬ô˵ΪѰĸݸض˸ʾǰģ᲻ǣ
ڻɽҰصͷ˵ˣҪĸͷѪҩȡֲȬš
ַӵˣǸɷĸҹɡ
Сɫһ˫峺糣éԺĸҹ档

ñЩ̲ס˸磬ŽҲ˵⼸ݲٰΪҵ֮գֵķз
취ֹ´»ԽԽס
Ҳ˵սǶ֮
ЩԴΪڣҸΪŮɷβ

ˣ˸ҵŵĴţҪٸϾͬס
ԲĽ˴¡

߳Ĭ˰Σԭ¡
Ŀ޵ϻۣⷨҲԡ

ɻƬ̣Ӧڿɣ
ڣ͵ǿ˰ɡ

룬˵ţ̫ðĸ֮ˣǶǶЩ档

ʼ磬ЩνȻҴҲµ˵귢ʲô

͸ңǲǱĸӵġ
ͷȥԼ˫ֲ֪ʱճȭͷžţԭֻʱǽŵġ

߿˿̸ˣǰĹΪ룿

ûش⣬ȴһף붨Ȼûġ
ĸӵˣȻɱϣʾͽ˻ؼңһҡ

ұ䱦ôôȥҲѰҡ

ûסȼ̳һڣ˼һ㡣
˶챻ˣڼѵĿ˿ڣֻ˵һ롣

һͽ̡

ȷǻүȥģǹǰ㣬Ǳĸ

һûһĳ̣˵˴ǰԭܣͷӦôȻݣͷŻүּ⣬ԭԭ߹

棬ʵּ⣿

үһּ⣬˵ǴѰң깫ܣ˭Ҳ˵
иСѰңǾ͸
Ϊ·ǡ
ͷŶݵСɵ̾˼֣أֱ꣬뽻սݶѰ
үʤһգʺ̫̫˼ҲӣϧûϢ
үڸϻص·ϣæ֪Ϣȴ·ߵĳ֮ϣһλҪĸ˼ҡ

ⲻɵץԼȹĸ˼ңǲǣǲǾ

λߵūͶѾˣʣһˣͿûϢ

ү֪Ϊͣ£ȥ
ǸѾҪˣŻүʱ򣬱ధү׿Ķӣ̥ȡ
ˣкӻлȥĻᡣ
үɲĺһ˼Ϊ¶

£Ҳп֣λĸף֮ǰƴһҲҪΪԼĺһ·

˵Լͷʲôζ
ԭһλŮ

ԼĺЩκ˵𣬡ܸܲң

̾ϢʱǱŹͼ·
ٻȥλ֮ʱѾûʬס

ͻȻʲôһǵõһ





61.  ʮһ   һ

һ, ָϽʵ֪ﳤʲôӣ֮ﲢģλܸ֪Ǻ, ҲпͲˡ

̻ң˳˼ʱ, ǻүˣͷҾֻһ, ǿ񡣡
Ǹʲôģ, Ҳûס

һ, ʯ֮, ʸľ̫, ҵһأ
Ҫ̻ŹҲҪϺüա
֮, Ϊء

Ϊ˰οβ뿪Щأλ֪, ֮飬Ҳο

⻹ǲ, , ǿɻб֪£

ҡҡͷոүҵ, Ĳϵ, ʣôͷӻţҲѾ˼ˡ
ԲסҰﲻ˹١

룬ҵǿ, Σס
ߴǸ˵

Щ꣬ԭΪŻǵȥгһҲȥܲʡ
û뵽ȴܽȫò֪

Ĭˣһ˿Ҳûˡ

ЩôͲúһ֮ء
ò׿Ҫ⿪֮գȻһס
*
һ֮·˵ջķᡣ
ſڴϣЩƲ֡
ĸԸ֪Լγġ
û뵽ʱᷢ¡
λˣԣĸôԸʿĶӣʹҲҪúӳأ

Ǳ𺳵ܰҹһҹû˯

ҪΪĸһ㣬ȴҲˡ
ϾͲ֪ĸ֮ء

˵ˣսң
֮£ΪβԸء

ҪӾھͺˣӾʱû׼ǿΪʯʲôӡ
Ҫͨ⿪֮ա
֪ĸôһŮӡ
ҲȥǰΪһˡ
ⲻ֪ж˼ðΪĸ˵ݣÿտһһ־硣

ء
ͷѾ˺üգûͣµļ
ֱķꡣ

ŲҴ߽££

һæЬ߹ȥӭֹ꣬סļ˫֣£ǰţݴݣ𡭡

ؼЦݣ𣡡
ǿΪӾŵģܷˡ
̶ӮˣǲӾͿ˳·ݣͬһ⿪֮ˡ

ɫȴж໶ϲ
һ㶣ǲǻʲô£

ˮսʱݺ˴ˮ´ŷʹʧɢ
׽˵оףûѰñټ
ˮöطˡ
æ׼ǰ֧Ԯ

ֻһ£죬һԼ˼䭣ʧˣ
ôһ˲䣬Ϊͬ˵Ц
԰ôʧ٣˵ԫhĶ֣ɱԫhػһ˽ԫhˣɱԫhһΣɱԫhΣƽ

ѵĵͷӦһܳȥľ춼˴ϣ̤û˽׸ߵĻˮܳԺӣһ·⡣

æ˳ȥ£

ûܹܵԽԽ죬ԽԽ죬һܵȥܵ԰ȥ

˺ĽҲܲͷꡣ

װĴ
Ųһͣ
ǰİæסɡæе罫
£𼱡

첽ĴӴǰæôˣ

ֻݶֹסķ˵Ǵмһ㣬ңҪһͬǰݡ

õˮҲ֪жأΪİΣݡ

ȴұȥ䭻

һ㶣ͻȻ䭶Ǳµ䡣
ܹ׽ŵˣ̫ҲֻǰСˡ 

˱ۣˮ鴮Ķͷ»䣬յ˫ۻ䣬˫һֱ°ͣӲ
۾ʱеĻҲѾѹ£򶨵ͬ˵סҵġұȥǲǰұԼȥ
ҲæңԽвΪϲߡ

˿ǰԶðٵĴֻԸȥ׼
ţ˽ԵʢٵߣʢٵңҽԵʱиչ˺Ե

侲ķԸ飬ſ
̶̵ʱѾŵĽȥΣֻôӦ֮ڸϵݾڣ·Ͽ϶ܣ빫̡

Ҳµģ
صһ˫ۺŴ͸Ļâ

޻˵
̣ܿһ˵ĳݽҲδ¡

껹ڽ£Խȥ

ĺһ̾ҪڳųƣԽԽЩ;ⳡΣȴûⳡǴġ

*
Ե֪ͷʲôֻ֪ԼأžͻȻԵҪһˣͬʢٵһ𡣡
ȹ㡣

Եֻһ¹Ҫ뿪ݣܴһ
ʦһɽԺҲ
Ϊʲôأ
Ϊʲôǲܴأ
þûмʦˡ
Ҳˡ
ǲҲҪþòܼأ

ͷ˺£æ׷Űųȥ׸磬ңҪһȥ
ԭż뿪ģ⻰ͻȻͣ˽ŲعԴ㣬ǵĵʱ˲㣬̫СˣԼԼ

ҿԣ
׸磬ʲôᣡҲԼԼ 
Ե˱ȴҶʲôѽд֣ջɽĺӶء

ЦЦԴѾǶʢԽֻ֣صͬʢԽСɾʢٵˡ

ʢԽѾ֪˺£˿ȴҲмΣԵи
ͷҲѾھʦǰݣౡ֮Ըܰæ

ֻһǣٲҪĲ׷ȴѾʢԽ˵Եһۣȥ

ʢ壬ſҡԵˡ
ߵˣһһֻֿͬһˡ

ʢԽǺƢ˿̼ס˾Ҫ֣׷ŰŶȥıģǲ㣬ҪҪ
£ֻе㳤˺ǹ֮£ͦ߾ȫȥæ

Եתͷбᣬʢ壬𣿡

šʢԽ˵ͷҴӲƭ˵ġ
ԭǶŵģԵƽԵкһλ׶ԶӵСΪһСӣҪ飬Ǻúó󡣡

ԵڲټҪŰŶȥ
Щ˼ʢ壬ûпŶ㲻úҡ
ΪٻʢԽߣλóĴУµദʱ𽥵
ЩֻʦɽգһءɽԺ󣬲ŷֺͬĺͯ˻ޣ˻ޣͬ۸˻ޡ

ȴֻһΡ

ʢԽŷ֣С£һͬꡣ
ʢԽ߲Сͯ˫ۣžġвЩ꣬Сͯÿնڵ֮г󣬴֮еӤ·˵ÿһնžĳЩڽĹѪΪԡ

ͣˣˮתҴȥݡʢԽڿڡ

Եϲ𣿡

ʢԽһЦš

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ߵ֮ϣдſ׵ĽʿżĿ·ӿˮ档
һ˼еҪǻͣˮ˲ˡ
˵ǲܲȥұ°Ѿʧˣв⣬˭ܵ𡣡
ּ⣬ȾݰգԻᰲȫ
ɱһ֮ҵܸɿӲ

صˮ棬һԲɵǳ֡

ǳòɿʱ׷׿˼أ

껹ǲͣձ˿ڡ

İվоĴҵˣʰҴͳ

˻зԵġ
ϲ½أԤ⣬ݿˮܶ꣬ΪԴ󺣵ķ޲𣿡

̧ۿɫƲѹţµ˸󶴣£͸һ˿

ҲԽĳѰ

ʿǰǰ֧Ԯˡ
ȻǰԴûа취ɵ׽ǵȼü֮Ҫûˣݽʿ붼ھְգʣµһΪսʹʣµĽʿѰӰ
Ǵʵ޷սʤ֮أҪڴͬ͵Ĵ󺣶֮¡
ԮæԶ֡

ڶˣߣȥӭ

ɽ¶˻δߵӭϵ
һôŮӰ

Ҳ̧ͷ󺰣ս

˫ʱλСﳯһ񣬻˸
ЩţϸĴСһأ
ʱأפ⣬һ굽ͷˣ۰ŮҲδܼһ
סڹУƽ
̫̫ȥҲᡣ
ȴҲδꡣ
ӭԶͣ˴ڰȫ֮صӪ֮С

˸ˣϢӵĻ˵ּֿ
Ϊλʧ٣
пţأأǸڱңѾ

æĪϳ㡣

æһˮƽ飬ã˸˵š

˵ţս֮ʱԫhںеĻش򿪣˺ѣֻǲҲзǵһ֮󣬾æ˸ȥƻء
һֱ´꣬ˮǣѡ

⽹ֵ飬һ
԰䭹׼ġ

ֻԫhʵǽƻ˶֮ʱõĴ
¾ͬһʧ˺ϡ

һӷڱߣΪˮϳ£֮ǰ˵ּ⣬ҵȾְգ취
գƻδСϳѾоһ׼Ѱұ¡

ָ򶨵꣬ô˸ڱ»δðǺѡ񡣡

ͷСЩнʿϲܵӪͻȻСЩԶƶɢ˲١
һ˵մ˿󣬲ϣٹʱͣˡ

˽ǴϲôõĴĵһϢ

һ𣬡ͣˣ͸аա
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һֱ˯˯֪˶ãԼڴǲӿ֮ĺˮ֮ص½ء
ۣ񶥣һϲֻ󣬾ӣϰ󣬴һͣת׷ԫh
ѹײײȥţ££

Ӫ֮⣬֪ʱѾͣˣĲУͣºؿĿ벻֮˵Ϥ

̧ۣţ

æסվȣǲŵĲ˲۾ô

ֻȱ˵ˣⲡĶˣȥţ㡣

ūôɵסںء˵žҪ޳
һߣ˳ö²Ĵ̫࣬ʱ˿Ҳû취Լ

⣬ȱ˸Ϊ򶨡
֪Ƚȥ˵˵ʾŷȥ

Ҳ£ֻڴϣŶ¶нʲô

ݺᣬ˵ˣ˵һаţýʿǲΪżҰľݰգǡ
»˵Ϊ˹ҲŻ

ģǰ

Ÿ·գƣҵҺãͣˣ˸ڿ˳ʼѰҰ䭡

յĴ꣬ڽͣˣݶΪ˶ϲ

Ķ飬Ѿ˳׼׼
վڸߵ֮ϣܹһԭǾ޴ĺϷںϾƮ޿֮һƬҶˮϣƮƮ

ƽһο󺣣־塣
ɿаصΣա
԰ôͲأô׷ԫh뺣
׼һ㶼

һóùõĺúýѵ

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߽ͬŵͱǰ˵·ʯͷֻ˳ƵʹʯͷԶ޷ͨͱ
ջ˵źͷѾ˵ӣ·ǰûгڡ

̧ߵʯڣ;ʯͷˣ͹ƽ䵶µĺۼǶǰ俪޳ɵĵ·
·Ѿ߹˵

ջָ˿ĵط˼£ԸȥϢ
ͷóˮݸӣȺȼˮɡ
ڴ˵Ѿ˺üգڵ£һ·ʣµˮʳѾࡣ˵Ҳû
ֻһڣͽˮԼȣԫhߵʲô˵

ҲֻҺһڣɤӣʣʾ⽫Ǳֽţס͵ĸߴ˰ѿвȡˡ

㻰أ㵽˵˵Ķһģæߴ˿еĲȡ¡

˳Ĭֻһͷǰ㣬޿
θߴһֺã˷ڴϲü˲Ķ֣ò׽ƷһԲǸư͡

ʱ˿̣Ĭش޵⡣

ҲδŭֻǿʯϢ״Ѱһ㿴Բѣڵϵԫh
Ѱ˵δ֪Щ£а࣬Ǳԫh¾ȳū

ڶˣ΢΢һתһԵԫh

ԫh㣬ԴĹĸ

µһ·֣˵֮λ
ΪҰģһֱ
ֱڡ

˵˰
໹ǲΪ

ڿڣ⣬ҡ
ˡ

޽ӹ˵ŵߵԫhԡ
ڿڣʵۣʲô

Ļһ£൲ԫhǰҪɱɱҡ
ĳ˵Ĳ˳ΪӲ

˵趯֣ҲϾҪˣգȥ޿ա

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֮ںԼû֮⣬شޣûг·û˳ȥ

ŭˣҪ֣㣡

΢΢һֹ̧סȻ򰢿࣬˵УС
ֻҪ㶯֡

ӣǰһ⵺֮ܵ˲֪ٸأÿһζͬҲȥĵ·
˵һҵ˰취
ΪҪ󰢿࣬Ǻôܹء

ôݺݵ

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ܵÿһյƾͻĿԴ˴еյȴҲҵ̫ࡣ
˿̣ƻͨˣߣǽʪһģʪģˮ

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࣬õعȥ򰢿࣬ǴŶħջ

գǶ
޸ѡ񡣡

࿪ʼ

޴ɻԲѵԫh
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ݵˮ֣غ֮һƬİ˴˳궼󺣴򽻵Դ˽Ķ࣬Ҳ֪δˮַĲ״
ֻϧ˻ԭսʹ࣬ˮǰѵһղҲ̶áЩΪȼеʳͲƲЩ
Ҷʿÿնѵصİæ
иؿʼǶȹѡ

ݵعŲĹԱӲͷƤ߽ӪУ£ܵʳѾˣǲҵҲ޷ֻ͢

͢붼ûͷ顣
δܻϢδؾΪľƽþơ
ԭͼѣ˿̺òݾƽڰ䭻֮ǰ͢

Աԥ˰ΣֻǰĳͲ£ǳڴָֻš

ȴѾ⣬ģ⡣

󣬾ж󣬹Ա̲סҪʱӪ⣬һرϸһȴѺһʳ˵İա
ǽ˾ȱ

ŽӦǰˣʢԽ˭
лʢٵҳأڷгɼͬʢԽĵл

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ʢԽġ
žƱȴǰ˼ζ

ûж໰ֻæһʳж¡

ʢԽСͯ˽һĻС
ʦء

һεĪˡСͽôһţͳСް

Ե޵һѱһᣬʦû£̫ˡ
ͽɵˡ

һɫͽܵԴǳˣ֮ɫѾࡣ
ȴСͽм۰֮⡣
𣬡Ϊʦ·ϣһλʢʩ

Եᣬĵͷţʢʩ·ϵʱģͽϴʧٶĺ
һ·ǵݣǸˣͽء

һŵš
ѭϵվϣСͽܣ̾һΪʦȥλʢʩ

Եʲôֻ˵ǰͷ·߶߶˵ʦͽֱһĸָ顣
һţߵ˴ʳĲַ⣬ʢԽ̾Ϳʦͽˡ

ʢԽһҾ
һһ񣬡ʢʩЩʱնлСͽշ

ʢԽǸʦߣΪõСͯɫһʢĳлл

ԵһˣԴ
ʦʢ嶼˵ʲôأ

һĺ󱳣ԵλʢԽʢʩ㡭

˵ʢԽ

һѵ󣬡ʢʩǺ⣿

ʢԽЦЩ£ڲᡣ

ʢĳҪѺһʵݣȸˡʢԽĶӣԺȥ

ʢٻᣡԵæֵ

һԵһֱ򣬶Կ໹֣һʢԽ֪ԷСͽܣһޡ
ʢԽķ˵бѾȷ˾Ǹӡ

ɴ˿̼ʢԽδͬСͽϣⲻһɻ󲻽⡣

ʦʦǲǹЩӣͿԻȥˡԵʦվţֻ᲻ߡ
һͷʵ쳾Сͯγ࣬㻹ȥ

ԵԴ⼸Ϊʭӣʢʩͷˣַ졣
ǲСͯˣСС
Ϊʲôȥأͽȥأ
Сͯÿˣ֣ͽҲϲˣ֣ͽҲϲˣ֮ǰҪΡ
ͽÿĹζû£ȥԺʦʣͽٲˡ

һһ٣
ѹʢʩһС
ԭˡ̾

ʦôˣԵͷһʡ

һʲôҲû˵ֻǣǰߣͬʢʩ˵պԳУ
Եͷţͽ˵ء

*
ˣ԰䭻ûл

ߵϣµŮԶ
ԴӲԺˮһձһյͣ죬ˮѾ˻صһʼĽޣ¶½ء
֮ﲻ֪ˮˢ˶ˮȥˣȴ˸Ĵ󺣲

Ǵǰ϶Ỷϲϲȥȥҿϡ
ã᲻һ˼
ûм󺣵ԵһССͯÿ󣬾˿Сվ|¶ĵϣ񱴿ǼСз

һĿԶ
ЩĴʱܴ԰䭻أ

ԿһɫɡſסͷһȰӣ̫ɹأ˵ߵ̫ɶˣܽ˶ɹɡ
뽫Ȱȥ֪Ȱ˵

Ȼûһɹֻ̫û£ɹɹ̫Ҳͦõġ
Ų˵԰ء

̾һӡ
ȴһʯͷĳŴӹȥ
⼸յһֱ޳ڵǡꡪ·ϣ
ʱͳŴ󺣵iʯͷм־֮ƣ뽫ƽˣҵµټ

źʵСʯͷȴͻȻ󺰣쿴ǼҴǲӪзųȥĴ
ûпմºʱۿŵģЩģѾӡԺ֮УЩζμҲûϴ

æվҲԶ
ֻһСĴȷӵܹǴܿ죬СڵЩģ
ĵĵţƼǾӪгĴҲ˷ܵĴ󺰣ӣǣڻˣҲڻˣ
Ϣģʲô̬˿̶Ժ

Ҳû룬·ȥֹ˴Ӫڱ󣬺ܿľʹӪ

ˣˣʿǱ档
ܿģͷϾ;ˡ
ԽԽ죬ܵͷʱѾû
֪˭ܿľͷֳһǰ

ԽԽǽзͣĺ谭
ĿתĿ
ͣ½Ų֮ʱҲڿ

²֮ˣ̤顣 
Ϊ֪ڴ˵Ⱥ˫۱ֻ
Цͬһδط֮ԡ

һˡ





62.  ʮ   

Щʱ, ݵְգѰ׵ʱԳŹ˴, պ󡭡
˴ͽһ⡭
׽ܴ˷󡭡

ӪУаʱ, δͣ¡

ⲻЩ˸
䭻, ԫh׽˻, µսڵβ֮ʱ
βҲǸ鷳¶
뻹ҪϺüµʱ, ʰɾ

֮, ҹ, Щ΢ˡ
ոհֻͬ˵һ仰㱻˸ȥ, ǻûеһ档ӵĻ˵

, ˷

֪ʱ̧ͷһ, Ƽżλд, һӪȥ
æͣ񣬡

Ŵ, ҪȥĶôŴ⴦ƫƧӪʣʵ䭻, ڰźôܵ

ǴرصӪʿһۣź⣬·Ըôԫh, ˵Ҫݱ
Ҫ˵¾ӦöʩԿ̣֮زŶԣα˷ȥȻأϧ

һôͻߵã򴬿ʼûҪԫh

ԫhǰͬСڹϵҲϾǻСڡùáһͬġ
æɫ̽

⵹ҲΪ˶ֻ˶ߵˣԥ˶Σ򴽣Ҳգˡ¿

Ӫʣڴ֮ϵԫh
֮кƳһζƸĿľǱĸ֮
̲סס˺

ֵɣǿľ֮ˡ
ˮн̫ã˸һ㲻ȻĻҰס

δϸһλθߴĿԼоų֮ߵ˵˴ǰ׺ݵĵǡ

ǣʲô

̧̧°ͣмּ⣬Ϊԫh

໹û۴ӦҪȻЩİ޴Ķ⣬Ϊ

ɵڴǰвźޣôǰһԫhһԿʿ̧̧°ͣ

ʿҿ˿ЩΪѡ

֣⣬ߴٵ

ʿսеǹ˶ȥ
ȴǰԣסһ˵ĳ|ǹ˳ƾͽΧļʿɨڵأеǸǹҲ۳Ρ

һû뵽²ݱ£æǰˣߡ
ֳͷȣݣݣ

Ǹʼȴֻ˴ǰûһҪӳ˵صľٶ

˺Ǵܣתһ룬ȵȵȡ
Ѿ˵Ӫ⣬ͷȺʿҲǰ˶ˣͷ˵ǰhĻ

˾Ŀ

򴽣ǰhġùãǶǴ򣬷ּΪh㲻ؽš
ڴˣǲʲô

˵ľ֮ģи񷽲һݺݵؿǣӦûΣˣŵȥɣͬһ𡣡

ߵ˴ǰǰ˵ľٶǵľٶҲʼС

겻ԫh֮ͬУģûʲô仯ȴֺ沿ȫǡһ궼ûУǱǼٻˡ
رǿԫhģһֲġ

ͷһ
¡

˼ϣתͷȥˡ

ҲĿ¶ЩĪ֮ɫֹܿƽ
⾹飬һʼźۼߡ

޲δٿֻʴ򣬡ˣ
æʱס

ʱѣ
ҲҪգ΢ȻҪЩʱ䡣

ûֻ˰һۣҲȥ

߳һ·һͷҲأಽŵ˵˵䭻᲻רȥ̽h
ԫhǷˡ
԰ͷݲɳӣԫhӪ϶;ûվߣ԰ʱС

֮ˣصΪҪ

һ㶣Ȼתȥֿˡ
ͲټҲûˡ
ֻһ֮ңޡ

˲ǣ԰ʲôʱģȻûв
ǳӾɣֲֻŻٵı¡

޴ߺһ˿Ц⣬һֻ֡

һ԰䭹Ȼˣ϶Դ
ȷˣúýͣæִֻһģæֺһЦץסֻλΣ䭣ĲרȥģҾĴߣɾߵ
Ҫңҿ϶Ϊġ
أ۶
һصǰůĻ

ǸԡֻۣŵСϰõѬ㣬ĴŵȫͬǺš
һ־İޱȡ
ʵʵڵĸܵ޻ˡ
ˣÿһ鶼շתߣİ
Ψˣܹ

˫ֲ֪ʱҲ޵ıİĴĻС
ڻˣһΪ㱻ץˡ

ֱ޵ЦڷӦ
ʲô˫ôͱס԰أæѡ
ȴߣỺ˵ţˡ
ùá
εϷƯõˣ˹鴦Էһó֮еƣ
ֻԼļͻȻѹ£΢΢Щ

԰䭲Ǹ¶ˣСͱȱ˼ǿ
Сʱһ԰Ϊ˽˫ֶѾˣûкһۡ۴ޣ˻ΪˣŵĲС
ֻ԰ʹ˫վһԣޱ飬˷Ӧ˵

һתͽŵ޴룬ͷ޵գŽϸȥǲˣĶˣ
ȥûƤˣɱ˵˿ɱ˻Ҫء

ҪˣҲֻЦһҵ˫׽ס½˱˻С

⻹ż
㵹˵ѽ㡣
԰䭣ΪĹùãǲǸöӦеأ

ƫ޲ֻͷ䣬Ҳ֪Ż˯˹ȥ
һ㶣ȴְĸԸĵ˿
룬԰ںϻ֪˶ĥأòƽĻǿԳ䵱һ
Ȼ԰䭣γƵСʱҲܽס԰䭵ġ

԰䭣ǷҵĿɶˣݾֵףȫڸǶǮġƴ֣Լ˲֪ףӸͣݣݵȼü֮
ֹˣݵÿһ죬Ҫæܶ顣
һпɶΪ԰䭡

ΪҪѾ˵˴£˿ȴ׿˵Եɡ

ЩСȻǲϣö¶ˡ
㶼ûϢһأһ˴еңô죿
µˣ˭ṵ̂
˭֪ǸƤ֮µһĵǺǻ
ɲ޵ȥġ

Ӧһָıøĺܶԡ
лл㡣
ûиѾѾȫ׼

һӺںľͬʱ޷ſ
޳ָ˳ⱻѹҵĶû
ҵȻ֪㲻Ϊ顣

ڷӦȻƻһʼ
ڣȻûͬôһȦǲǹģѽȻֱ԰䭸סˡ
԰ˣô󷴶أ
ɲһĴˡ

һüϾ޾ǹģùִΣ

ңңҾ͡û˵
Ҳʲô
뵽ˣյתǰš
ԼȻ԰һ취ûС
ǰģǰ԰û취
ƾʲôͻȻ͸ıأ

ǰߣ£ܹʻһߵĴ󺣡
ػؿ˷ҵ󺣵ıԵǲǾֱӵִա
䭣˵гһգܲº죬ܣһʡҪǴ㣬ǱףǷ񣬰ա
ϧûҲûг
˺жжߡ

ûЦֻ֣Ȼܡ

ЦۣһͬһΣ

޵Цá
*
˵ԫhҪڶղ棬˵ڶ峿ԫhʹ˯֮˹ͷ­Ϊ̫ãٶ۵˵
ǲѾˣñһ˵

ˡ
Ժں

Ʊĳذťͷ­¿ʼתڻµ˼֮УѰԴ
ࣿ죬ֻú˶ķ䣬˵ĻƸɬ

ڡ̾ͻӦ

ԫhĬıۣһС

ѾĻ䭴˲µµĻԹ֮УһֻҪȥ˱ûгڵĵط
ۿڱʯ񣬾·Ҳ᲻Щʯͷ
ıۣȴͬһڻ֮С

ԫh֣͵۾ǰİӪʡ
û
ҲϤĵط

ԫhŵתͷȥ࣬
Ѿһ𰸣ȴֲš
ôأ

࿴Ʒ˴ޣǳʵӪء

㣡ԫhǲš
ôᣬôỹš
ôţ

䭴ӻ֮ҵ˰취ȥΪʲôɱˣҪĥ

ԫhȴ΢ķתͷ­ָʲôˡ


࿴ʹ಻ѣҪ

ԫhƴķ

أ
Ϊʲôɱ
ţֻһԲڴߡ
Ϊʲôţ

̧߽Ӫʱǡ仰ֹ̧סȥ֧һ˳Ŵ齶ȥԫh͵ؿ

ΪʲôţΪ޻޹һЦ

Ƴһ۲֪İ࣬鶼á
㵱Ϊ޻ᱻڵ£
ԫhˡ
еĶѰ
µȻҲгڡ
¶ĹܶЩʱգӦ˰ƿڡ

ӦøлĹԸ

ԫhʲôףŰ̲࣬ס³һѪԭͲҰ׵һΪѪ˼ֹ죬ƣҲң

ǲ֪룬ôᱳѵ
ֻõȥ
һգҲǺõѽ
ŵ
ȴûа취ŵԣһձһϢ

ÿжƴ
ڣڳ벻õЩʱպ̲סʹӦˡ

ԫhѪȥûб㡣
벻ףΪʲôѪ
ԫhĺƱѪסҲ˵

޷һƿҩĲôƵҩ裬ÿշÿɱס

˵ţԫhţ𣿡ȴǿŰࡣ
Ȼ仰£񶯵

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û
ΪʲôҪſλ
ļҳ𲻱԰֮

ȴѾӪʣӪ⣬æ뿪
޻عͷЦ⻹δɢȥῪڣ޴˿̵ǲǺܿɲ
æǡ
Ҫ˵¾ǽԫhٴˣҲ֡
ڻţѾǶ͡

޲ĻشȴҲûΪ
ŵȻ˵š
޴ǰǴһء
ţɱʹࡣ

Ϊİֻһæ

ЦЦ𣿡

Ϊʲô˵ʵ
ѵԼԼǺ˽ĵ
ԫh˺ܶ޹֮ˣϧ
ˣȴҲ޹֮˻
׵ȥԫhԻǽѣǳͷ

Īַ֢ˣֻź󱳵۶ʪˣ˼Ÿλػ
ȴѾɫ糣ǰȥ

æȥвɻȴǰԶһӰס
Сڣµ֢ɲͲҩ

*
ʳ֮ϵİٹ٣ǵľʲôˣ
𰸡
Ƶһ㣬Ǳ´ӲǸĴˣƵӲ
ƹʧܣµʱͿ˳ͷ­һ·¥óʬʾڡ
һգɿһĻĺͯǣ޲ǵجΡ

б¶ԳҾϾɱûһڡ
вû
Ϊ̫ݣѪ˶Ͼɱһڶ׻̫ĸˣϼס

ЩµĴµ̬ȣҲǾء
ֻҪץ˰ѱĳ޲Ǵط
ֶΣҲ˳á
һȵ۵мԫhλ֮ӵĲӣܱ߼Ҷ֡

֮ϣȴֻ˵ֶ̫ǿӲ

Ǹʲôˣյ
ôˣء
ڤ˼

ΧǰͷǣǺĶǺˣ¿϶ҲǴˣ

һ֣ݳתת㱻һȺСͯΧסЩӣݰն֪һ֮ݣʱᵽתת˼סģ
СͯǶΧת
иСͯ󵨵ǴĻʵʲôˣ

ս˴꣬ܿѵվսʧȥ˼԰İա
ЩСͯս£ӿǲù
ò̫ƽˣǵĵæؽ԰ǵĳ

ԣǸˡ϶СͯǵĻش
תͽ𰸲ĸΪơ
һعùãԼʮƱ磬Ҫ޻˵ʱ⣬ѧ˻ˡ
ȷǸˡ
Щ꣬ʱҲһնûи
ԣǴŴӮʤ̣ҲߵˮҲˣݰճҲõˮˡ

պҪΪõĴˣ֪𣿡

СͯĻĸã

ⲻɵЦۡ

ڲ࣬ʮΣҲֻе¸˿
Ҳʮֺãݵõ˺תҲ̻ص
֮ãһжԶǡ
˵˼Ǽٵġ
⣬ܹ˼ġ
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ڣÿʿͷԶ˳Ĵ󺣱ߣ𽥳У;ķ羰ȫȻͬ
̤˹֮ʱ
Ŀڵ뿪ʱ죬ʱ򣬾Ȼǳʱˡ
Ӷ˶ŵ˾ֵĽ
мӯ֮С

ԣʮֺãͬ𣬡£˵ɵĺǲѾȫʰ׵͵ǵˣٰⲼá

¬֪ҵϲã϶õҲˡں

԰䭿֣˵ٻŹĲŹﻹûùˡ
סڹҲ̧žȥض
Ǳȹסڡ

£һԵСʦ˵빫Ҫڴתˡͷߵ˳ţŻ

æͣһͣ
ԵԶţջ񲻱Сף˵ʢԽûиԵСͯ࣬Сͯһۡ
˵ʢԽִΪ̫ϧʧõĶӣԲҸ֮ࡣ

СѾڸ˰ͷԵЦҺʦҪ
СѵûжĻ˵ֻһȴټ֮ʱ
Եܻټġ

Ե֮㱻仰嵭ĵͷһȥԺ󣬻СǣԺǵġ

Ҳ
*
ڷ·ͣһӣĳˣԵתͬһ˵ţʦ߰ɡ

һɫ⣬ڽ⿪
Сͽͷʦͽˣɽ
ǵıӰԶȥȴϡ˵˵

ʦʢ˵»Ѻ뾩϶·ۣʱɽͽͽɲʦ棬Ϊʢδǰľɼ
ȻԣѰɽţɽԵ
ʦɽϵ÷ˣ
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ԭǻҪȽģȴȿϾðŸȥ

ۼ⣬һƼ˶飬ʻ˹ķ
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ôġ
ͷô£˹Щ궼ûԶŵˣֱǾĶǣ˾ñ뵽ͷͺš

ʲôû䣬вŵĹâȴѾ
֪ˣ˵ʲôҲŹŹһͬԶˡ

鲻ڣˡΣѿڶһ䡣
˵Ժ˼žԼҲסˡ
֣ѾþûԭΪԼҲԺ
û뵽ȴԼᵽ˰顣

˶֪δԼȴȸ£Ҫ빬̫ءٲΡ

֪ǣµʱ˰¬
¬صȥݵʱ򣬰Ͱչ˼Ѻͻ漮
ţÿŮάƣֻǲô˵ˡ

ͷ֪ˣ½ջ󲻹ǻŰ鵱ĺã´ʣʵ˵ˡ
¬æӦǡ

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ⷿ¬˵жټҵ׶

ŹĶˡ
̫ﻹ˺ЩƷ
˵Ϊµļױ
ʱһױĹˡ

˵ˣǽ̲סСЦ

Ͼ˼ʲôױױֻſⷿ˲ᷭйļ¼

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¬ƶ
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ǡ
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ӣʣٲñ·ҲҪĵÿն˯á
鿴˲ҳ˯ء

ͷӣˣ˵أдʣɲˡ

ɡ˸Ƿʱʱʱ򣬻ȴ־ļˡ

볤ԶҲ͵ˡ

ر֮ǰΪ޶ˣκβһֵڣÿԼĸУдϷ
ˣصһЦգΪù׼һ

ⲻɻ󣬡ʲôˣô

£ùô֪ˡ
Ϳޢ˫֣Ϸ֮Ļ
Ϸݵ¼ǿ֮ʣɻɣǰ߽˼
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ȴʦ͹£ĳĽ£ùĳҡ

һ㶣⣬ʲô
æȥأ͡
һЦǹ˴רΪùд

ѹûңôĽңһض׽Ū

صʦ˴ңԼ˵ɡ

ʦһ˫۾ʱи˼֮ɫֿУĳ漮ݣ˷ѣǹݰա
ĳԸֻڹ̡

һʱλʦ̫顣

ùãʦٵüãھ룬Ҫǧ롣ȴĽùáùʱԸ٣ǲ
ùסڹֲţȤ

ɫֱ䣬ȴʦڴĿУӲͷƤ˵ˣԲҡ
ҺܶƵʦ󣬱ϾĽҪӦġ
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ˣʵǲһ㡣
Ҫضλʦعʦҡ
ֱ롣

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һô֪
˵͵ס죬ô͹ܲסء
ֵôɶû԰䭡ңؾԺ󣬾ͼ԰һΣٲǰһȥȥˣôƱİΪ԰˲һ˼ҲƳ

Ѿϵһ㣬ЦҿǹˣùõС˼һ۾ܿ
鳡֣Щ꣬˭ϲ˭һ۾ܿ

侲ˣͷˣûҵ˾ǰ䭡
ʲôʱȷԼأ
˼⡣
԰ʧںʱһƬհףֻܹҵҲ벻¡
ֻǸǰ۵̨ϣһʱƫƫ԰䭡

ֻǡ

ùûǡ̾һùͬһˡ
ؽ죬һ仰˵˱סֱĶᵽɤۡ

æʣضǹ߻Ṵ˵ĺģƫֲ˵

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պγƺùأ

û뵽˰ģĺôֶŮȻΪƺա
ֵ÷յ
ͲǸ
ˣ͸۸ģͺˡ

ͷţȴ֪ԼСͨ죬Ҳðߡ





63.  ʮ   

һ, ʣ̧ۿѾ̨һֱӣͣطˡ

빬, ˵ʲô

޵첻˼ƫǶӶԼ顣
޾Ҫ߹, æɢҵպ÷ŻȻΣ, ¡

ɤ, ĳĿ˿, , æ, Ҫ룬Ϊʡ

޺, ǳǳЦ⣬ʢһ, Ľùö
дĶ㲻
˵ľ£

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԰ģûΡ
ʲôʱϲϷˣֱ, նô¶ġ

޵дһ˿Ȼ, 飬ǿʶʲôвҵ

Ŀ̲ס, ôʲôл԰䭶ߴء
æҡͷʾ⣺ԩūţ¶ɲū˵ġ

һüʵΪξҪ֪أ

ùá

ڶ˿˿ǣβӲ˭˵㲻֪ˣⲻǶֻݵΪûп㣬᲻
ʵݲû飬ʵд
԰䭣⼸Ϊ֮£˲
ݣΪ׽ԫhһɥڴˡ
ˮ֣ȫĸ˰ۣԽʲôǽͰ͵ġ

ңнʿǣͿ๦ߣսͬɱ˼ҹ˴Ӵ˳ս

ĹֱͣԳƵһ΢
ɱλʦдݵΪͺеĹͶһˡ񾩶ڴδҲ̫Թʵˡ

䭣ɲҪͷӺҳҲŲǰ֮

ֻ𣿡ĵ̡

ù˵޻Ϊ˲дޣ޾ͻᶯŭ

һСŬԼΪޱƽ

ȴײ޵һ˫Цһ˫ۺѾ͸ıġ

Ȼޱ˵빬ʵ뷨ѵ޻Դף
ΪλʦĽùãԼΪù̡

󾪣㲻Ҫ˵
æȥǵķӦŷֲ֪ʱѾŹ¡
һ
Һû԰˵ʲô

˵Ŀɶԣ

һС˴룬ľˣֻ΢΢˸ţ

տɲٱ԰䭸ιȥĹϵ֪

ʲôϵѧĻ

ǣǡȴû򴽣޵۾˵ǻͨĹϵ
ǵģ԰ѵɵ˲ɣЩͷ֪ͺˣǵ˵أ

ɫʾȻأ

ǵĹϵڻܸ߱ˡ

Ϊʲôʡ

Լɣ룬òװˣҲһллĹϵع⣬ǲܾ¶ˡ
ҪˣܵðЩŶԡ

ΪԼ˵еˡ
ȴ޵ȻԹã˺£
ùòһԣ糯Ѹ泯㡭

֪Լ˵æס죬ǲУĹϵѸ¡

ӽһҪӣ˿
֪Ƕ֮µˣѾˡ
ضһãһۿϵһˡ
ҪǱЩԭϲץѱĴ֪ˣ϶ֻд֪ԡ
ָǺջˮԳòô죿
ⲻ
˭òء

޺һı㴫ȵĴС
ǲͬǰ䵭ӲԸȫͬ

һ㶣ܿľͷӦʲô
͵֣ٵˣ˵Ļ˵ˣʹӽ쿪ʼӣ
Ϸ·𻹲ŸոյĴУһգһתܳ˾ի
ͷͬ𣬡ȵĲŸݺء
ˡͷҲؾˡ
ǱӰȥЩŭġ

ôһ£ϵɲȴǰˣݵʱ򣬺õĸʲôƵģÿ춼Ҫһ𿴿ߵճ䡣

ؾԺ⻹ͷһص棬Сôأ

裬˽ȥСȥұµɫȴü۶ǴЦģһſյ˵ţߵ漱軹ûء

ﲻ֪СϷֻȻû£ȾͲȰɡ

ҹǰ֮£ֻ𣬡£Ϣˣ

Ҳ׷ˣŻЩüĿˣ»Ŷ֪

ŵͷϵĲյһڡ
Цһֱȥ

˵ҪӣȻ˵
һ빬̫밲ʱ޵ʱ
һգˣҲǿͬ޴˸кˣûһ

޿֪ľжһգٿסЩε㵱Ҫˣ
Ҳûͻش𣬡Ȼˡ
־Ŀޣû˵Ҿ͵ӦˣԣҲСԼشܵˣƫˣ˵Ĭˡ

΢΢üûд˼ֻζ˵ǽԣɹùأ
ôɾĿס

ƽͣǹùԽزӵľٶ

ôܣôӵ飬Ѳɻܵ˵ᱡ㣿Ц˭³˵ĻҲȻǹһ׷

ʲôû˵
գ涼ûš

˲²Ƕ˵Ĺϵͷ⡣
͸ˡ

*
硣
˯û⣬ԼһѣžѾ
۾˯úȣһʱʱ䡣

˵סͷ
ÿպʱѣʱ˯ȴǻվ
ȴ˯ЩͬѰ

һסˣ˵ģܼˡ

һðĽ˹ڴԣŵͣؽŽ裬ǹڽζ⾹Ȼ˿Ų
ȾϷ纮

Ž¶Ⱥˣ˵ߣӣЩһ뽪ɣͷѩڿˡ

ӹ˽裬һڣζɢɵüͷͷѩ𣿡

ţҹôһѩǸﵽˡص
ҹѬţ̫ҹ˳ȥû뵽峿𴲣ŵµĶͷЩ̡
ⳡѩЩֲˡ

Դģȹһ뽪裬Ѿʪ˴룬޷ֻһҽ˼ҩº󷽾źЩ
ڴԺģŽأȥضҽղܸԼˡ

ͷţȥҩˣ˯ɣ˯һͻЩ

Ժ˯ˣⳡ纮ĿɱĻҪһЩ
̫ҽҩգת
ÿﶼȵԺҩֺ˯£ܶʼ

Ϊ溹ָһȵ̲ס߱ӡ

ò׸ܵһ˿ʱձ߿ıӣȴֱ˸¸ϡ
Ҷ

ƴżΣԺ˹ڴԣü΢˵ǡ
Ϊϱӣʶľͷϱӡ
ȡ

ҲҪϣΪˡ
ΣĶͷ̵ľˣ֪϶ܣȴֲԸ˱

䭡
ĺȡܵĲУﶼǱһȵĿҪðˣ˵һ仰̲סɿȵؿڶ𶯣һСһţı֡

˯ԺģûѾʹˣסھʹаʱ·ԶĹ˵ôأ

ֽȻιһˮĺ󱳣ЩҲЩ

Ųȥ˺þúþˣĹͷѾˡ
Σֻ÷ڴͷ

룬ԺˣͻȻ̧ĵ䭡
ţӦһҲûֹ

ֻϵԽԽñҡ˵˵ű㽫ͷȥ֮졣
ĹȻûÿһͱ϶û𣬿϶һ
ʱı룬˿˿
ˡ

ԾĽԼĸ࣬ˬ˯ˡ
ȴ֪Լ˫ֻޣ޵ռ˶Էıˡ

˯ȥˣӺŶ䣬Ҳ֪ŵˡ
ȷӦ˹Ƕˡ
Ըȥȥҩޣҩ˾͸Ͻ˹
ԼŸϡ
²ˣⳡ纮ʼΪǳѩΪҩٷҲܺˡ
û뵽ҽҩҲûá
չ󣬵µĶͷ̵ֱ֣̫̫æ̫ҽ̫ҽǰΪ¿

˭뵽Ҳˡ

Ҳûʲô
ͷ˵빫ֶ
˶֪빫׹ֶ
ҹҲ٣֪ˡ
⵹Ҳ˵ĵġ
˵ĵǣҵ£ǰղ빬һˣ˳֪ͬ˵ЩʲôĴӳȻ˵ƢĻ˵Ҳ£Ҫʵľ롣
ɷţԼ

ֺˣмֲ֪롣

ûʱֿˡ

޴߳æ񣬡¡

Ƴһۣ˯ˣȥŰɡ

Ҫ𻰣ȴֻ˵ѺҪԭԭնʲô

һͷҲܸܵһϲŭڱĵ˿á

ǡæޣŽȥӿɻá

ͳ˯˹ȥ
ҰҰ죬ǰֳһһı롣


⽻飬κ˼˵ء

*
ⳡĥ˹¿аѮķ纮ڹȥˡ
һ˯Ѻˬˡ
һڴϣ˺ЩӣͷѾҪˡ

ϲϲػѣѡΣʰ׵ˣȥţ겻붼߻ˣڳҲĲУϻһͬ밲ĸ
СﻹأǿɰĲеʱ

ϸĴžеԼڷϱȶţһ𣬡˵ҽ״һ֧أ
ؾζؾͷȴҲΪòײˣõĲС
վأǡܹͬʱճǶ˵ӰֻЩ겻ᣬûʻ



ڻعкηԸ

⵹Ҳûɲ׻£֧Σ֧ÿ겻ʲôأ

ӣӡԥԥġ
ǵֿ˻
˸ˣ⣬¿ɻ⼸ʱ£

ⱻʵĺͿֻ⼸ҶԺˣÿڴϣۺҩǻ˯ȥʲô
ǵ䣬ԺðЩڼĻ


˱ӣ
ιˮ


е⣬˫ۺ͵ԲŵһģΣԲԡ
ң⼸̽ңû

𣬱ΪѵĿڣǰҹ̫ͬҽһ̽

⻹ǲţֻ̽ģ˯˶Բԣ
Լʲô
һΡ
ôԵǵ棬԰§§أ
ţһġ

Ĭ˰ΣȴǺ˵ǰҹΣҹ¶ͷյ֣ҲιҩǱιҩ

˿Լ侲ŷεȴ΢΢

˵ţ»ιˮűµ˵죬͡
ͷĻʵ˵ڡ

ˣ㲻˵ˡᣬſױ̨ϣûڲѡ
Щʲôѽ
ʲô飬롣
ʲô졣
ֹ԰䭵ȥסˡ
ѹ磬˺ѹһ¾ȻǵʱһҪԱ¡

ѷϻһӣ˵ڴͷ˱ҲҪˡ

¡æȥ

̫ˡ
˵õҪأôԶ԰ǰ޲ľٶأ
Ѿû
ɴʹڹﶼҪȥȵװײˣٳźˡ

֮ǰ԰Խز֮ʱĵ˵žܣѵᵱű˵ᱡ԰
⻰˵˻ʮ졣
ʵһء

԰һڱЦأ

*
իŲ裬ԭҪȥ֪ô£ȴ˴˵ȲȥˣĪǷ纮ûкȫ

ãһӣȬˣŲҳš





64.   64    öҸ

ڸ, ЩӶȥֻͷʼ߶, նӵ˳һȴǶ㲻ʮ塣

, չˣһ, вʵĵط, ý˸һġźЩ, ¡

ϰԵĽһ, ˰ɡȥ, ˭
˵꣬סˡ
յĹ絹ǲ, ɩɩٳܲȥ
ҪȥĻ, ǲҪˡ
У϶԰䭡
ʱ԰䭿϶ݺݵسЦ

һ, ûѰطˡ

˽Щʲô, Ϊѵӣ̫ٳ, ǲȥ¸̫ˡ

֪, ĿʼԴ¡
գϵԡ㣬̫գ޿ȫҹЩʲô

ڵ빬, ̤빬ʱͷ̫Ϊۣڰ̾

һ·¬ͷ£Ƽǹˣǰأ˵һ빬Ҫ뾲

һǣ⣬ƼЦ
ǰվЩⲻȥ
æ

ûн֧һ
еʵɺЩˣ

һ죬Щ飬Ҷˣġ

ͺáǳЦüĵɢȥ

ֿڣգ´̫ҽȥһΪã̽˭֪

ˣ԰ȥ̽飬˶ˣ
᲻ᣬҲ֪ҹ԰䭶Щʲô
Уɲ¶ڣ

ⲻ˵꣬æϣ̽ңΪǸТ˳
Ʋ֮Ĺϵͺ޴Сùţûб˼

΢΢һһ˫Ц⣬еķգͬ˵˵ɼѾ飬ȴҪ

ա
ķտɴˣ
ԭΪװʲô֪ҲԲȥʱڶ塣
һмֲ֪룬Ҳ֪ˡ

֣ȰǰȰңͶҲãˡ
ɼǸҰҺ֮ˡ

빫÷㳤󣬱˸鶼񡣡
꣬ѵá
ֺеأ

죬Ҳˡ

һֱ˹ŮǷ׷ǰͬ񣬺ƶЦ⣬ֵ첻ѡ

̫£лһ
⹬˸ߺȣ¼ݵ

һ߽У̫񣬡ףĸǧ
һ򲻹Цƫƫ̧ۿһۣƼеЦ⣬ʱɵս֡
æȥ̫Ůǵɫ
ǺƶЦɵһգ͵͵һޡ

ҺãֻһۣΪŮ죬ͷȥ
һ

Դս½ּ̫ϯһӦӼ򣬲˷ѡ
̫ٵȴҲⲻҪһ
˽̫ƲϷ
ڰҪ£˷

Сڹﳤ󣬹һһľϤ

ߵֲ·ڣ·ͨһߡ
Ų԰ء

Ͷ˱һнֵĵطϷˣĵطԵΪ壬·ϣҪһ԰԰оΪɽϪСͤͤлһλ԰䭡

ȵȡ
ס˽ŲŴ۾ͤŵޡ
ô
Ѿƹ˳ķΧô
Īײа

عȥҪװûƼޣֻͬͻȻˣǿȥϷɡ
վһԣΪѡ
ƳͤеˣѾߵ󣬱㲻ɵͣ½Ų밲¡

һоڳЦĿ

¡޵ȻķԸš

ӣһ˵һԡ

û˵
սɿȷˡ
͵ת˲һЦ״ľϲ֣䭣ɣû뵽㡣

ͦɡǳǳЦţɵùжûޡ

һ޻еĲˡ
æⲻǴ󲡳ЩãûƼ
ǵģѩ԰ʲô

޴׺һ˿Ц⣬ƺϾĿ˵Ϲ

˵ʱ㻹̽ҡɫֿҲ֪ˡ
ʱԺģʲôǵˣ֪
룬ʱܰ
Ҫûס԰䭵죬޻˵

ţ֪ʱжܡ΢΢ףʱܡ

һ

ȴЩǳ꣬㲻ǵᱡңλҵף
ͷˡ
԰䭵
ʲôᱡף

ƫ޻ʮƽԭҵУеǲ
ҲգֻҪ㿪ľͺá
󰲣Һܸˡ

⻰ôԾ
԰ƽĻôžԼԼǸ֮ˣ
ĥζˣһ߾ţһС͵ҿûеǲ
ǲպż죬š
͵ס죬ûڲѣô˵ء

Ŷԭ㶼ǵã΢΢ü˿װǵãǲҸ𣿡

ʲô𣿡
ɲҪ˵˵
»ˡ
ƫǿĹĵҲŮӣҶʲôԿĲҲ𣿡԰߳жҪ
ǵģ֣

Ʊ˵˵е

ǷĻû¾裬Ծˣ㣬

޴ľ͸ĿڣΪ˲Կ޾ͳЩվҵ֣վ顣

ʲô⻨ʧɫԡ

޳߽΢΢
ɵý޽ߵ䭣㣬Ҫ

ῪڣҸ𣬺Ҷ㸺֮С
Ǵ󷽣ѡ
ܵѡһ

԰䭵˵Щʲô˵ģҪˡ
ɵÿʼ˼ѡ棬Ӧѡһ

֣֮µʵȸңѡʲô𡣡
𣬺


ֱ׳ûֻ޴ùȻ˲ͬҪùѡȨ

۵Բ㣡ȨŲϡ

޹һЦ˭ҵˡ
⻰һµ⻰˵ˡ
ʼ֧֧⣬⣬ңҡ

֪ʱ̫ߵƼùˣܣһЦ
£̫ūλȥҪˡ

͵ؿ͵ЦƼȻֿ˿ɫ糣ͬͲ˲һָޣСڵһ¸ˣæԶ
ŬǿıӴƣװѽ䭣ͷôմƬҶ಻ţҺҸȡˡ
ĸЦͳƼùõͷã͹ȥ

ҪϽỺֻǶڣѡѡΣ
ѡĸٳ˼غܸҺҪס

ôУ
Сûܹ˸ί
ɫŭͷѡѡҶ㸺˰ɣ
³ʲôܸġ
ʲô˵

á޹һЦûԥĴӦˡ

һ˲䣬ˣ԰䭴Ӧ̫죬һթ
Ѿ˵ˣҲûпڵء

Ƽֻһ

γѰ㣬ȹ߿һ󲽣Ҫ롣
ͷģ侲侲ϸҪζ޸
԰̫ɶˣ
ԽԽɣ

̫ЦŵǶϯ󣬲ŵͬСʱһű㻶ϲ
˷ֱֱߡ
޵ȻӦĸģͬùûһֱ
̫ȻǼá
һҪһ

˲һ͵͵һޡ
̹ȻĿһЦ

ǵõĳֲİʾϵıͣʼֵ̫ĺܡ

ϯɢˣǷ׷׸ˡ
̫ٿʹϽظ

ƫƫһæĽŲմصޣȴ겻ɢ֪Ķðùá

һǻըëһ㣬ĿҪ԰䭻ʲô

޼ģÿɰֺЦȴǴż˿˵ҪҸ𣬱ú룬ĶҸ𡣡
ǡ

У㲻Ҫ˵ˡֻʲôֵҪæӦȻĶӡ
ڣǺڣ
ôͻȾϷ纮أ
ѩһأŲҪء
*
Ҫô԰䭸
Ǹ⡣
⡣

ͷû
ֻܲгһ·ɣ
ɲھͳףһҪûɡ

ҲΪˡ
ǵģ԰Ϊʲôͷǵüҹ飬Ҳǹİ
Ժй
ֻܹôͻᡭ

峿ǰͷ̾ղѡ
һնˣ˲յȰοµˣ飬²ɰʹ˵µģ

˭ҪɰѽӲȴһ
ʵ˵С𣬻͹Ķʤ
ԼĶǴûй
߳ʹõߣ룬ָ㱻˶ϸСѪһæȥҩӲãͷɶߡ
Ͼ͹ˣ˿ɲǺ¡

ĺɰ
붼Ҫˡ
ָ챻һӣں֮ϣ˼
дһļţ
УǷſ϶ᵽʮ궼԰ţǳʱһóݺݵسЦ
ңɼǵдһˡ
д԰ôСˣֻڷܡ

ȻСˣ
ˣҪǳԻ˶ӣĻ

ҪȻ͸ɴȫױƸ԰ƸƸ
һ˲䣬ЩĶˡ
Ƭ֮ȴѡ˷
ҲòܣСݲ԰״

*
һ룬뵽˴ʮ
һ죬Ҫġ
رǳڳ¥֮ϣҪͬ֡

ÿÿ޵񣬶·ʲôʱ
ֱԽԽĻţòװǵ̻𶼵ȼˣվڳ¥֮ϣųϵƻͨ־
һʱͱոȾ˱һϵľġ

ÿ𣿡˵Ȼ

Ҳû͵ͷÿҶþûпôֵľˡĲ˳߶ţ˲˼£һƼµһ꿪ʼ־鶼ܺࡣ

شԺҲûʻ
֪Ŀȥ㣬ʲôʱģѾǰͷźˣôûбܿ԰䭣

Ҳܹ𣿡΢΢üɻ˶

ĺܣû˵С

һͷȥˣ뵽ˡ

޻Ц㣬ʲô

ʱ֪ˡص
µõ˽ķӣһЦü䣬ҹе

û׷ʡ
*
ǹ֣رǽѵõĺƽ
Ҷî˾ҪֵĹڣֻ֡

ȴæµһֱæԪա
ǰһ˴Ϣޣտճʱ΢һԪڡ
Ԫѽڣǰ£˹Ľա

̫ɽϱ
ڼ䣬ŮžͷҪһᣬ峦

⻻ԼĻˮϡ
һ۾Ƽޣ̧ͷҵ滨ơ
տԪڣŵһ֮ƫҵĵƣ׾ϻ滨ȥʡ
·ӰŮŮǺͣҵ滨ơ

߹ȥ׼һרע滨֮ˡ
룬Ҫʱȴתͷ
㻭ģ

ջ˴ֵ֣㿴һյϵ滨һģñ˻ġ˿ΪϳǧյУΨһ滨

ǻȡһյƣС
˱ͬÿһѰŮûʲôͬ
һ˿˿Ĳ֮ͬ

ǰʮಽͣ˽ŲͣһڷǩͲС̯ǰиӻ׵ϵ̯󣬿ǶߵӣԵһ֧ǩ³ɡ

䭣һ֧¡æ
΢΢üͷ˻аСëóǩͲҡһ֧ǩ

ϵС֣Ӵöǩǩء
ǩ˵˳𡣡
ǣִĥѳ£ض˳ơ
˴֮ס
⻰˵ϵԼ̲סҪٽһ

û˭
㣬ͳһϣļ黰

ƳЦ⣬⡣

ǰߣ;ĸСⶼ󷽵£ȫ͸ˡ

ңһȣԶŵĳⱧ˶ʱ
ʵΣ

еĵҪزסˣһЦɻ׼

ɤӣҽ⿪֮պǾ͡
ʣµĻûʢ̻С

˶һȻ˲ͬˣɵЦ





65.  ʮ   Ϊճ

ʢ괺, һжٵķչţ͵ӭʮ

Ұ֪͵۵ǻ, Ϊһԣ˵дɷʮǰ˳, Ժ󹬿ö꣬һӦߵĴ̫
͵۶ʮ, ˳ӭȢʺ, ɺˡ

͵, 糯֮, ͵ֻͬ˵һ, óը˹

£Ͼ̫̫ʥүŮ, ˱֣Ȣãгվ, һԡ

޵Ŀ˷֮һۣ, ˼֪ʥү̫̫Ů, Ӧ֪ûѪԵϵΪȢã

ҧ, ɳ׻أͬѽ¡

Ŵ, ֻȻһЦˣԹճ
񣬽ͬ, Σ
ɫͻȻһƬհס

̧ɨˣˣ仹к
˸ᷴһ˵
ĸ˿ڣر¡

*
ٿŪ̫İ裬һֻֻẰ̫С˸磬һСף˵黰
˵˵ȥҲֻһ̫顣
һС׳Ǿ̫Ҳ˵ˣɼǸͲˡ
Сһⲻаš

ƶ̫ƶĽڰ˸˵úЦ

GɩɩеСף˹ȥҺ¡

ɩɩء̫Цպɲɩɩɩˡ

ڵһ¾ͺˣǰû⡣
ضȼ֮Ҫ԰һƺĿھǴ⡣

̫£۰⺢ӣСڰҸǰڰͬҵŮкأ

ţ֪Ҿ͡Ҫõϰߣ̸ס

δ˵꣬˽ӹĻ磬׼Σ

һڹ밲в˵еޣæЦû˵ʲôѽ

ֻϧ˴̫Ϥֻһۣ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
̫ǰʲôҲû˵

ԭȴΪ¹ּش죬綼ʡˡֻһͬùţ

һ볤ù̫ҪЪƬ̡
˽˳ȥ˰λʣˣԴô
ǶҪ˳һ𣬹ݣ㹻ޱɷˡ

޳Ĭǰţżʱ򣬲ſ˿ڣ˷ԡ

һ㶣תϲ棿
ôѸ˳ã˷

޴Ц⣬档
һ˫Цͷֿҿ̫ˡ

΢΢һЦһ䡣

Ҳˡⲻתһ룬ȣͲ԰䭼ƽˡ

Թ£Լ˼˺üգѡ
ôã͸᲻Ƿ顣
ƫƫ˭ϲ԰ء
˸еķӣĸ˭ԶǴ񣬹ԹճͲ˵֮ҲȫԼġ

ʱգǶҲĿԵ̸ۼ޵ĵزˡ

΢΢ҡͷǰš
Ƕֱӳɻ飬˭ķأ
ܿΪԼ룬һ֮¡

ţպǵĳƺ⣬ס޵ȥ·Ǹ⣬Ǳúۡ

ΪΣ޲⣬ѵΪҴСͺܿعùö֣

Ǿʵŭͷǰߡ
԰ҲǵģôжһƱأ
µû˵ˡ

ͥ㣬ĲҲɰ̲סֳ˳ķ裬Ҳиӡ

ûͷСȴŬȥҪ˵Щʲô

պ⣬޵Ļʺ󡣡

ڣǳ
Σ

ǰһȴװ⣬ͬܵĿ佱˻ȥ㲻ƫ̵ζ²ȥ
ͷš

ʲô飬ͬ˵𣬡֪ǰգԵдһţ˵ʢԽˣԺпԽеˡ

Ե꽻ޱʾ⣬ССֻͯмĲԺ˵ͬ˶û

𣿡޶Դ˲ȤȴҲĻ硣

ȻˣԵСͯǰֻ֪ʦ˸ָ˵ģֻȴûҪɽȥѰСͯ
ʢԽҲ
ҲΪʧõĺӣܹǾſǷɡ

мꡣ
תԵˡ

ȲԶĸţһ˵Цһ֣ͬСദû𣬲źЦֺ档

ҲԵ춨ɡ
񣬵Ҳֻһδ˵ˡ
ǸĹ˵λµµķˣΰΪŮȥԸƸ
˵˾λֵĸס

ţ߹Сײе
ûϵˡ
ԼҲûϵ

һҲǣҲǡ
ǸæҼ䣬ǽСĵݸ

֪ģҲźûϵˡ
ҪҪȥɡ

źͬһǸŴæ׷ǰˡ

ڲ࣬Ŀọ̈̄úЦȤ
ӴǴ쵽ˣഺٰŮȶʱڰ

ǰͷȻҲæ

£

£ϢˡԥԥĿһãȻ⣬֪ý

޷˵ɡѾ֪˴ţǱ봫ţ

ͷʲô˱ѽ

ôˣһŮ棬ͻرֶ˵ãȻƷ˸ֵȨԼλŮ
⻹ǵõʱ֪Ϣʱж𾪡
ŮʱΪ
˵Ůûͬ飬ôһȻҲŮκˡ

û뵽Ů˱󣬻λ˴һ

޿˿ڣĸҲڱ롣
޴ǰ鵽ЩüĿֻ֮زò֡
ŮǻҲΪ˷㡣

˵赭д⽫Щȫ˶˵ж𶯣ûüͬ˵Ҫȥˣ䭾Ѿ鵽ĸ١

æȷˣȥˣѾҵǵ١

⾪ȵĵԲ۾ޣȵ˵ˡ
֪Щʲô̩񰲣£ǲȥһ˱룬Σ

ⲻ֪ԼûдӦ

ֱͷһֻů֣ŷӦޱȣҲǴˣǱʿ

һʱΣǰ˵Ǻܻץסص㡣

æˣְȲ鵽λǴǴǰȥ֮ˡ
һ˵ǣŵλүڱȢһλޣԳס̡
ڹཻܹǻụͨó걱ؾͱʥүˣóױļ㣬ҲΪγɿдޣֶԱŵԭ

ԱУǻ֮Ů
ͷһ£ǸһͨЭ飬֮áĳĸƵ
ˣǰȥ벢ʲô¡
һ⻰ͷڴһ㣬֮ǰҪȥˣѾһҵԺЩȴԥ

޶˽ѽֻȻ飬·ȥܹܿ۽ġ
游˼ĸҲԸ޳
ȥߣΣ
һӱһطȤ
֮ǰǶ˴ûһһԶţлȥߣҲ

ҳö֪ʱӸ񣬡ǵ꣬游˵ģλ¸Сʱ򳣰Ҷұպˡ
ԭ

˵޵û뵽õȴ
ʲôû˵أ԰ô֪Ҫʲôʲôأ
ɵͷ޵˫ۣͷװŵ
䭡

ţһĿ⣬֪ͷ˼룬ԭǲˣȴӲվסŲ

ԺʦһҪߡģʦҪƳ԰ӾģҲ
ֿء

̧ͷһ£ɨڱЦĳˣҲ

޻г£㶯˹

һ·ϣⶼ׹㡣
ŵȹЩӣͬ԰ȥһء
û뵽ȥˡ
ֱӴȥˡ

Ҳ£˰Σŵ£ȻлᣬǲȥΣ
㲻ΪλүΪһ㡣
ǵµĸ仹ż־⡣

롣˫ֳ°ͣ
˵öԣΪĸɨĹһġ
ֻû뵽ȻѾȢˣɻǵõ귢޲֮£

ҲȰ꽥־˲£¿϶Լף˶˵档

գдͻȻǵľһĳ£ƶЩﴦ
ǽãֻģսңõģׯڶüã۸˰ּ⡣
ʵǺù͡

޴£ط޴ѡ


ÿҲֵġ
Ÿв
տԺԺأͼŴŵȶ˳ҪһѮŻֵеֵ
ҲкЩӲ档

һǰһȵȡ

ǰͬᣬҲʱ֣ʶ˶ĶȴҲ

ͣ˽ŲЩֿ״ˣղ㵱ֵô

ϳĹۻỻ£ɫϣԵþӣǱ嵶Ҳ˼־˵ơ
ֻȻͷЩյҪԶţǲҲҪͬȥ

ȻЩ֣ҲǴȻҲȥôСҲǸŵ´߱ȥ˺Щطˣ˲ټʶ
ȥ룬ҲܳʶģһжٻȥԶأ

Ҫȥѽŵź

ûףȥȥ룬ͬʲôϵ˿֡
ˣҲ֪ûʲô۶س´׼ɳļλУ
˵ǺͱһУȻбߵȫˣɳʵʵģʥүĽʿȥĶȻгС

űѿڶһ䣬ؿϧˡ
⻰߶ˣȴֹѡûأȶ֮ʱͬ밲
ˡŴ˸ʳҷ·˱ի񰮳̶⣬㳢ɡʳУľͿԺţֱӳ˳

ıӰɵü˽һʲô˼
潫ԼˣʱҲҪһˡ
ô˳̶أ

йŮײ˰ŸʳеĶ棬㣬״ʾã

һգ˵ʲôأȥҲû𱸹Ů˵Ц

ŮһЦȥˡ
ԼʳԺ
һǸˣ̶Ǹµġ

ˣŹأ̫ĹΣһձһѣóָ̫ȥ״Ԫˡ
ƫûʲô£ѧȥˣ⼸ˡ

˱ʼһʳУģ˭ģ

״ˣ·˱ի̶⣬³ɿõĵģ룬㽫̶˳

һ㶣̶⣿ôŽأ
̶⡣
ϸŵͷڷŵ̶⣬Щɻ󣬡Ҳ̶ѽ
ֻǵСͰԡ

ֿˣһԼЩʲôƵġ
ۣˣҵǺǶԵˡ
ЦˣҲ̶⣬԰ɣҲæһ磬ŵʱءɲܻ˰ŵһء

һ٣¶ԸˣҲֻýܣǡ

ҹдˣȥһ̫ûȥĸһһ㡣ҪԶȥˡ
кö໰Ҫͬĸ˵һ˵

кͷһˣȥŵһ̶⣬ãռһ롣
̶⵽ʲô
Ѳȥ룬Բ̶ֺڵǰټȥ
ô룬ҲԾ

һԣѵźЦ͵Ц˺üء

ȵҪȥʱѾļˡ
ļǸʺϳŵӡ
ҲѾ˳е׼¹ԱΪó֮ͨ£ǰȥ顣

֮£ÿϸ΢ı仯˲ͬķչ
룬벻ŮܳΪŮڱ⿪֮ա

ᳵ·ʰ֮зһ£ǵĽңʱûϣؿҪϣ˵ɽл鷳¶Ը˽ңûδϡ

ˣ϶ĳʱĳأϰɡ

ǳźüˣسУôЩʲôжѾЦ

ͻȻس˭أ

һ㶣ôͻȻѯʴ£

ɣͷͨǰ밲
Ϊ׵Ĳǰš
һͳһЦ
ЦĪ
Цֻȸʲôأ





66.  ʮ   

бĶ̺, ĥһ¡

ԭǳգͬ밲ʱͻȻߺ, ͷȥģ
ˡ

Ҷʶ꣬ٽˡ
ǰô, û˵һ䣬ֻ˸, ͻͻȻأҵȳ߿, ֹסĺߡ
ĥ, Ī, Īϲ˳⣿
ɰôأ

´˿ɸ, سУԭûаŰ, ǰ˵Ҫǰ롣
컹̶
ô, Ŷϲġ

ϲ⣬ϲ

ɸǺá

, ϰߵ, أҲ̸ۼ޵, ȻԸܹҵҸޡ

ⳣͰͻȻͰڵǰ
ؿɿ, ӲЦ
濴ȥҲʮأʵȴǻõģǵðͬԵСͯ浽һȥ
, ԶȻǰŸҪ׽Щˡ

ûֻ֣Լѡ

ӪϢʱȲĴ˴޵ĸ첲䭣㿴Ǳߡ

̧ۿȥͰվһ֪˵Щʲô˹ϵǲġ

ô޼һЦɵҡҡͷ

ò׽ȥƷ˿׼޼ɵͬ˵˺üյˡ

˭ã

޳ĬһϢȻڣΪʣ

Щʲôæͣһ˵ܣϲ⣬ϲ
Ҳ֪ϲϲ

һҪǳⲻϲ
Ҳðһѽ

޿ͷڽ̸ĶˣֿһҪ·ǶߵһЦ֪ϲǳ⣿

Ȼˡ

Σѵ뾩Ϊս£ĳдѣҲѵõɣ֡

ľͶģҶϲ⡣
ŲҪ԰䭣ۿų⣬ߺ
Բ

Ŀ˴ҡҶϲİš

԰䭹ȻˣһͲŮ֮飬ʼ˵עӮˣҪΪ׼һݺƸ񡣡

Ӯأе

Ӯˣīһ¡󷽰԰۵ʱȤʱԴ˯

ȴûӦ£ӮˣֻҪӦһҪ͹ˡ
Σ

⾯Ŀ

ôˣ

ϸһ룬ӾʲôҪģʹӦɽԼʼ

˭ڱƲ

޲ÿɷ

Ǳ˻֪Ѿ޵Ķע
ɾˡ

ԭǺͳ۵˲ǳһϺͻſϾʱһۡ

˵ȻأƳ㽫Ժ󣬳ס

ȻȻҲͿ˳⣬üۼһ˿֪룬ҲɵúæĿһԵİš
ţͷĪ꣬״ˣк£

һ㶣԰סҪΪ߹ҪͬкˡĿǲž棬˵Ȼͻٲ

æתԽ˵ţҸƼǱһƬ֣ùʵ£ȥơ
˵仰ɵͷԼǡ

һ˻ѹķ꣬΢΢ͷԻ
˵⻰Կ˳һۣȥ

ŵĿԶȥƬ̣ջأֿ򳣺⣬ȴƳ񣬡֣ʲôء

Ŀ΢ûʲô

ѾӪʣͷȲĶλ££ǱƬ֣Ź˲ٹҪƲȥƣ

һ֣䭣ȥɡ
*
Ϊɺ޵ĶԼһ·϶ڹ۲ͳ⡢֮ĹϵֻͰһ𣬾ʶõԩһ㣬԰ΪϲŭֽС
ųʱȴߴģһġ

ⲻ޵Ӯˡ⻹ʮþȡ
ԣҵſ

һ·еĵ˱롣

Ůʱӭһǡ
ŮǶ΢΢ףЦӭʱ£ǰ룬롣

ʱ꣬λŮıŮǺ
걱Ů͵ʱ˿ȥ˾˵òвزסİǸʱֻЩˣһŮԶ磬ܡ𣿸ûе飬ȴҪñŮһ

λҲڲԼķâ˿ȥҫۡ

ⲻԭģ

Ůʢɢһ˫ǶϣȴһЦɷ빫ɡ

ȻԡЦеľʹӦˡ

Ů޵£ſڣ꣬л飬Ҳܵع鱱롣˵ô˵Ůȴӡ

˰֣ŮֺαؼϣԭǷġ
ͲˣҲñŮҲڽǶμѵľУŮȲѣԱŮԣǿ㲻ʲôþ

Ӷûô䣬ǸΪС谮üۼӲǳĽģȴ˼ĸйص飬õ᲻ǿλСʵ֪Ūƭġ

Ůǻ󣬱ǣŮλǱ֮һźûǲҪǮģͬ˹ȻҪһǿʢѹܱй
Ҳ˵ܹƾһŮ֮λɼ汾µġ
ҲԼ͡

Ůһ䣬΢΢ЩһЦлޡ
ЩѾ飬ƴ˿ڵõ˻⡣
Ҳʡ

Ժ󣬱ŮŮſڣϣΪβأ
վڹǰǵԶȥıӰƵ˵𣬡ˣѾ֪𰸡ͬƲ˵֮£ҲϣǶιٲҪ
꣬Ҳ˵ǰ㣬Ϊ˻ǷֻΪԲŶ֮飻ҲǱԭܹǲҪˡ
񣬱ѾĹ

*
ϣʱºʹ³룬ΪͬŮʮͨ¡Ůдס
˽£Ѿ΢ڱĴС

Ȼ̶ͨ꣬񵽴Ǵ磬֮治ѣȴҲԴڴ˿Ϊм֮С

Ŵͬͷ˽š
ڱ

֮ǰѾյϢ֪ںδ

ԽǴȥеĽŸ

رǰ·ĳ⣬۲һÿ̵ƣͷñдȷ󣬲ͬǻ޻̣ӣǵˣ
޻̣ϰÿ綼ǰѲꡣ

һö
ͣ˽Ųٳٵزǰ
Ҳ

䭣еšͷˡ

֣㡣
Ǻǻкη
˵֮˶ǣ޵֣Ǽ޻̡

֮أ޻޻ǸϡӴ޻ȥ޻ĵңҲڱ;ӣ
޻̣ڱ꣬ļϰڱҲǴĳ̣ȢļޣڱҲǳ׵ĹŮټҰǨ˴˵ء
λΪսҶķޣ˭ںεأҲֻʹλϰ塣

Ƕ̤޻̵Ĵţлӭǰű˵ţλ͹٣Ҫ޻

ͬűصȹ䡣

ƼǺƴ˵ĳ࣬ȴ˵һı뻰Ҳû룬ͱϵأڱĴ˿ɶˣϰǴ˶ӵˡ

͹⿴ЩǴӴĺ޻ı죬¶ϵȻЩǳƷֱѡԽš

ûȥֻ߹š
ƽһأҲͷǶԼѡ

֪˶ã߽ˣһ򸾡
ӭȥͷĶ

ˡ

Ŀʱλϡ
ӿȥʮ嵽ʮ֮ͣеȣԼĪ߳ߣţܹóʱһλӡ
վŵλˣȥͿɱСģ
˽ԴűΣֻӵĳ뱱˲ͬһ֪ˡͬߵĸ˵ʲôüۺЦ֣Сĸ˸˵Ķӡ
ſλ˵Ķ΢΢͹ǻеı֡


еаٸн
нԣֻõ

ϰճѲģһ;ԼЩͬѰ
ߵķͬ˵𣬡ˡ
ϰĵĺظ˸ĶӣС˵ţɲ

ϰ壬ǵͷɺˡͬϰ㱨ţǱλ˽Щʱˣһֱû
λģÿĺܣͼסˣ˿ͬϰһ⡣

ϰŴԣɵ˳ŻƵĿ⿴˹ȥһͶһ˫һ˫Ư۾˼֮С
ָо֡
ϰ岻ϸĴ˫۾ˡ
ǸݡԵƯС
ֵǣڿ
Сվŵλӣ䴩Ѱȴηֻһۣ㲻ٿ

ֵһİˣôͻȻĵ

ôˣԣסˣɵû˻֡
ǽϰλϰ忴ԼķˣһЦûʲôĿˣ࿴һۣȥͷϢȥкһǡ

˵ͷŮ˽һ·ŵ̺ͷȥ

ϰһ䣬ųǶԿȥ
λǴʿ
˼ǰգʱ´ʹǰ룬룬λжʹ
*
ͷЩš

ϰЦʵλǴӴģ˵Ǵٻһ֪ǶǴʿˡ
ֲ䣬޵֡
˶ԶԷϤޱ֪Ҫڵ˼ˣҲ

ŬԼţЦŻصǴӴ棬ϰ壿

ϰˬЦ⣬Ǵ˵ϰ塣
޻ڱټǴֵѰ
֪λٱɵ꣬Щʲô
⻰Ǵ̽ȻǴˣ޻жأ
йģĿģ
ϰ̾飬ܷƶȴҲ˵Ŀġ

򴽣Ѿ˸˵ǣϰڱ볣ĳмǶ˲ݼһ
ϰһأǫͽͽֵöλ㾴⡣

æǴˣҲڱС
ݼ

ݣĿתĿϰɫ仯
ֻɫ糣Цԭͬ磬ǻλźȱ衣
ݶԣһѰĵ

˵ʧΣͬ޲ϰ
λϰ壬ǲѾ˵ݵķ޺ͷ޸еĺ

ںϢϰİˣ棬Ǻˣ
ϰһ˵һӭǶ£ȥλǴӴͬ磬˵ڱ⣬ǰݻҡ

˶Ѿ˾ռߣֻЩԹʱͬ磬ұö໰ǷҲ÷˰Ĳǣһ˾Ͱһѽ

ϰЦ˲صġ

һԣǷ֮޼䣬֪˿϶Ƕޱȵġ

ϰ尲һطˣſǶˣ֪λγƺ
λ˿ģĺãȴֲǷ򸾡

Եö˽ճֳ䭣ϡ

뱱벢ͬϰҲܻ˹ҵ䣬ֻӣڴʲô

Ⲣû˼ϸϰһʣͿ˿ǡ
޵Ȼӵĳڴ˷Ĵ

ϰͷǴٶǱûеģֻǰѾ֮ͨзҪͷǰס
⻰˵УȥΪĿǡ
ϰֱֵԼͨĺʱӿ֮˻ش

оµһӡǸĳˡ

˵еöŮ
˵Żϰһ԰ŵˣЦſڴ

Ҳ⿴˹ȥһǸȥС˼ǰһȥϰߡ


ȴҲ֪˵Щʲô

Ǻͺһˡ

пڣҲ֪Щһ㳤ŮĶͷѵš

ŷ֣λˡ

˶üÿرλӣһۿȥ̲ס





67.  ʮ   

е, Ѿָůˡ
ҲΪĸĺãѾ㹻֪۰ĵǺģ
֪ŮΪ, ΪԶʱѾţҲ񶼻Ӱ
ĸ͸˵, Ӳίֻǵ, ҲΪܹȵĻ, Žҿж˰̡
ΪŮıԶ, صǶŮ۰мӡ
, ܹĸΪһˡ

ǿŴ˿ϰһڸ, Ҳѹ
ΪĽ
еģ, ȱ˵ĻҪЩ
Ǹ̰ĵˡ

ȴһ˿ã
ĸأ
ľѪҲҪĸأ
ϰѾ

ǰ֪Լһλĸ, ֪ˣжĸľһձһŨ, ͷе֪ĸʲôģ, Ρ

ĸ飬ϻŵ, Ůʮ֪ĴڣѾȢ, ѾŮͼ޸δ̥
ĸʲôأ

ͷϰŮд󵨵ĶŽС䭡Ŀ˿Ǵʿһű뻰ⳤŮ, ҾҪйҵӣӿǲ̫ûЩ

ƫĳŮǱų󣬸ͲŶԷǸСһţλ˭ÿҴǰôû
ÿĿˣ϶ͼסģܻǵġ

ϰЩǱŮͣźÿȴɫŵġ䭡ոջ˵λǻ˵ġ
ɵþͼסڡ⺢ӹǱͷ˹߻ˣڴĴҹ㣬ĸĶһӿ

죬ߣ㿴ҡ
˽§ţȻֻȻȥˡ
ס˿ڡ

ϰЩεͬǸСŮױ˹߻ˣЩأӣĪ֡
̧̧ۣ޷ġ
ƳŵˣѾ֪ȥ˺ηȻΪ㣬ֶϰ˵ϰ֮ԣóĳඥĳٻȥһʲô⡣
֪ϰɷöٴεŰݷã

ϰЦȻǿԵģڱ뾭̶꣬ȴǴͬΪ磬ܰһѾͻһѡ
Ҫܵžǡ
ҵĴʱӭǡ
˵ĺϣһԵû˵ȻܹģϵЦЩǿ
Ǻܸϰİ˵ľٶȴʲôû˵ĬĬϰͱһŴá

ţסغ濴ޣЩʧλôͷβûһأΪĲò
Ŀ䵽ϡ
λ￴ȥǱ˶٣ҳֻܿһȴЩƣ￴һ㡣
㣬

ֻһֱҡͷ˵ˣҪˡ
Ҳֻñס

һͬߵӵĴŴ

ĻѾ֪ȥ˺εء
޵Ȼͬϰ𣺡ϰ岻ͣĳ͸ǡʹԶ

ϰһվǰ
ϰ嶢ȺҲΪ۵ãλг䭵ӣݷͬѰƫƫǲȥעö֮еá

˶Զˣڿʲôѽߵϰߣסĸ첲

ϰعĿųŮûʲô

߰ɣ㰢ȻؼҰɣһҪӵ˱ֵ

Щģλ´һҪңҲ뿴öÿ

ѾͷϰмΡ

ֵλҿ찡

⺢ӣͷ룬ôܼ
ϰЦЦֻŮΪλòڣŻ˵һͨ

ˣȥɡ

Ůͷ˶˻ؼҵϰ建߽
ԺͷַܸżС

*
һ·ߣͣ£Ҳͣ£ع
Щȷ䭣Ļ𣿡
ӦһţǰߺҾ˸ѰֻǵʱæŹ޷ǰˡ
ãҲǰѰˡ
ö񣬲ڱ룬һԣϰ£͸˷Ϊд
֮뱱ʹ֮ʿ಻ʤд

仰˸Ҳֻһ˶ˡ
ǰأҴ˵ġ

鸴ӣޱΪͬ˶ŮԲŲ𣿡

ǣҸҪء
ֻ룬ǲѾǰķˡ

ϰǸˣͷβΪǶڱĻԣıߡ

Ƕԭ˶ԣ㲻Ǹأ

޼״ЦЦοδ֪ǰķˣ
ٿΣ

࣬Цģһʱ֮˻˼ЦҿɿˣλаĹһֱء
ǳԴˣǾ棬ڴʱļҹ￴԰䭶սս԰ǵĻ

֡ͷ

Ļ񣬿Ҳȫûǵ̸յ˵»ȥϰ壬ʲôΪڲźã

䲻񣬵㹻Ӳ֪ƣ룬յȰɸЩ
޴˵ŵƣ⣬Σ

һ㶣һǸð취ôû뵽أϰԪء

ƸҪͼ
ỽһ⡣
Ͳ֪εسߣӣԸ
ȥһͬƵ

ͷȺ

üƶɢˡ
Ҳûջ
һȴ΢յ

ţ㵽ʲô
ǲףѾ߻ȥˣȴ֧֧Ĳ˵
ǲ̫ŵЩҲǳһƽﵱҲδôʱƫƫûأͲѧѧˡ
ö԰òЩˡ

żˣæĿһأ׻ƹ࣬ͬ˸˿̫ˣһײ˾Ͳá
ᡣ

ˣŭ˵ġ
ôˣ㱻ˣҲ¡
㽫ҵɸƵġ

Ҳֻεúúãôߣ˰ɡ

һˡҲǰš

Ų֪ƼʲôͻȻԱߵĻ̯
ĲУǿˣһƼ˻̯ϣëĻͷΣڴûУͺ棬¶Ц⣬ͬ˵Щʲô

˳˼䣬ŷԭǰ˵ǣѾͣ˽ŲǶˡ
ЩЦ⣬ȴܴģ

һ죬æȥүʧְְ֣ǰͷţǺŲͺ

ЩţѲˣ
ɴûж˭԰㣬ϲŭȻȻı

סȥɡ
ˡ
ʵЩûа취š
ҵľͿܹĴײˡ

ţѲĻ䭣

ɫãʵôˣ𣿡

⿴ָֻǸĴŮǸӣֻعȥţںͷʱʱسǿ
ŵĿ˫۵һ˲䣬æĵط

͸ζӳˡ

Ͱ֮䣬ǲִ֧ѡ

еĿ⣬뿪ڣڰΡ

޺ƲʲôͻȻһ˭𣿡ȻûΪ⻰Լ˵ġ

ֻý˻ȥǿͬЦûʲôǾӦúú۾
ɼʱǲá

ԣ¶λӵܣҲûж롣
ֻǾðſ̫ˣ»ܺһ𵱲ˡ
һرĴ֣Ǳظ

ʱҲպҵƣͷˡ
ѰһСһϵͼһơ

⽫öУϸȶš
ĸöƣһ䲢½ǿһ֣ϰ䡣Ů֮佻Լֵ˽ܵġ
һĸϰˡ

죬ֿ򳣺ơ
һƣͷҲһ仨ȴǲһͨ½Ҳûп֡

ԶƣͿ쵽ʲô
ϰ忴᲻ǰҲйһơ

ԭս˺ɰðϵ䡣

*
ϰ⼸춼Щ˯ãԼЩ֡
Դ޻ͷһúԭΪǰѰͬˣҲԺ
û뵽Ƕ˵Ҫ飬һֱǹϡ

ͷĻƣÿ
ƻصûϰ壬˼ҶѾˡ
ĴˣҲǸ˲ƵģЩûпأȴ˼
ƵĻϰͷЩζˡ

һͷûе
˵죬ܽӣ˷ܵͬϰ˵ţǶˣͷء

ϰ徫һ¾ˣ˱Ҳˣͳȥӭӡ

ȿ˿ڣӣ

ϰ塣޵Ӧ

Ավһֻϰ΢΢ף

ĳϰӪ֪ϰ˿̿пգΪĳ󡣡˵⡣

ϰˬһЦȻԣ

ųŮһ䣬Ϻ衣
һۣ찢֣λҲ̫Щ
ִ󵨵Ŀһۡ䭡߸˵ĳȥˡ

롣ϰӭͣ޲ţĿȴʱʱһϡ
λ߼䣬Լп
Ƴһۣȴö࿴

ϰͿżɽ𣬡֪ӣѾǺҪˣ
˵䣬Ѿ˲

ֽ˸޺⣬Ӳʱһȫ¶ò
ϰĿʱͱǿ

Ӳأͬлл

޻˵ĳ⼸ڱ˹䣬ͬϰ˵֮˵᲻
Ŀϰɫı仯
ǿ¶ȫòʱĿϰĿͱȫסˡ

˵껰ϰҲûзӦ

޻һϰ壿

ͬ˵ءϰԱţɵô˴ϰ֣ϰ˼

ϰ˲һڣ˶ˣ豭£ɫѾָ糣Ǹӿɷϸ˵˵

ޱ˵뷨ʢ񣬶ǴʯҴһ̡
֣϶ҡ

㽫ϵŵƽ£ϣ˻͵͵һۡ
԰䭿ǻһỽС

öʢУһ㣬ʿϲֻǴǰ񣬶ҿҲڴҵµ̻Ҳ˵
ϰ壬Σ

µģϰһֱ߷ŵĲյСˤڵһ÷顣
˰һæϰ壬ôˣ

ⲻԾ֣Ȼϰ忴öƵʱ򣬲ûзӦ

ϰֻ΢΢ţŵϴƲסļͲ죬ſڣ˺һԼӣɷҿһöơ

ʵв֮

ϰѾСĽõУϸķֻЩΪ˿ϵĻվõĵط

䭣˵뵽ʲôⲻѹˡ
ģϰһԭˡ
ȴҪһʡ

޳΢΢ͷż

ߵϰߣͬĶöƣҲһ𣿡
ֻͬöϵĻò̫Ҳû֡
۾ʹһۣ㽫֮ͬ˵װס
ϰڿƣþõûл
һ顣

˼öλЦˡ֣صĻޣæǸ

ͻȻͲ˼֣ȴһʧ̬ιȥеͬ޷
ӵ뷨ǲ˵ǸüأֻǳҪòԭʯļ۸·͵·ѣеʦ
һӣϰѾǼ򵥵һ뷨ͷͷǵ

ֻΪ졣
Ƶһ˲ļʹ˿̵侲ֱˡ
Īš
ϰ廹ǵԼԭˣȴֲԸǵԲŻڶ̶̵ʱڣԼе

ȵ޺ϵ̸ڸһ䡣
ڿ˿ڣϰ巽żöƣΪкβԣ





68.  ʮ   ºһ

ϰϺЦάֲסˡ
, ܹЩ£Ըȥ
ֻǣԼΪ, ȴֻĳʱ̣Ϊĳĳ˶ֻ

, öơ
Ҳһö

ʮ˶׵ʱѰõһ, ˱õĵʦ, һԲΪ, ͸ˡ
ǳ׵Ǽ, ʱֶ, ҹս𣬵̫ƽ, ּ̳ҵǺڹ̵ͨȻǲ֪ա

ͬЯִ, ۶ôյĴֻҪһ뵽ڼе, ͲẦ¡

ȴ, ɲԼ

ϰЦԭ, ֿӹɡ
ֻǡ

ϰ, ˣһʣĪ֡شźɰǿ
׷ʡ
ϰǰͬԭ, ¹ҪͷϵԼ˹š
ϲûҪһˣܹΪȥ֮Զĵ

½ź

ϰ˿鲻ã˵ˣҪ³ˣǿ˱Щء

ϰعɫӵĿųŮȴȴ¶˶ԳŮ۰ȻȥȰ㰢гЪĪ͡

ʰ飬عͷ⣬ȻһЦûϵ
㲻ؽ黳

˵ͷҲ˵ˡ

һʱ֮䣬ΪһƣͲǰˡ

ƳԵСǲã뿪˼

϶߶ϰʱøˡ
˵ͷҲ֪˵Щʲôźá

ͬϰ
ϰȴɫӣﲻͬĳһȥţ
鲻ãȴö˴Ӵ⣬ҲûȥԴЩĵá

޴ѯ϶

򴽣ӰСֵġ

Żش𣺡ϰʢĳȴ֮

ϰһźۼĴһС
ʵճλСʱһ
ƫƫŮ˵Ķһ㣬ɵþ͸ġ
ʱ˿̣ĲЩϤС
ݸоУ

ǴӦǰȥţϰһЩЦ⣬롣

޻ļˣǳˣҪǰȥȴ޺̧ۿǣʾⲻøϡ

ҪүȥĶųԾ
ԭˣȴͬȥķӦҡ
ŻȻ򣬲ɵÿȻǱѩ
ϵļƤ񣬳ǰȥ
ֲɵװç
˵ô¡

ϵ޻ҵܵ꣬סĵط޻̲Զ߹˲һٲɼһլԺ
ͬ޽ݵ䲻ͬ뷿ݴøɲݻǽȴøɫë̺ͽߣװεĸûʡ

ҿڱ뾭̵ĳ̳ļլԺȻ޽Ҳֻǵ׻Ǵˣ˴ɫټԴΪ衣

ԺлССһ̳ŴӴֲֲȴá

̤Ժ󣬵һƼıǻ̳ǿû

ڴɳɲ
˱룬ûȴƣ֦ϸСҶϸ
Щûϳǻ

Ż̳ϰЦŽ͵Ҵϼֲ磬ӣҲѾʮֻ꣬ϧڴˮĺǻҲֻܳ㡣

վ֮磬ҪѿҲһ׵顣
ˣˡ
ϰڱʮ⣬ڴ˵ȢӣûҪȥ͵ÿ˷ǧա
򴽣Ҳûʡ

Ѿ֪ϰյǰš
ϰͬʮ꣬ϰָƣ⼸ϰÿҹշת࣬ղðߡЩʲô
ոŮҲ˵λˣһöϰضʽơ

ͷͲ²⵽߰˷֡
ϰԭˣµϰǰѾ֪ˡ
ϰһλԭˣս֮С
ϰЩܺãҲһԺķޣϰûǹԭ䣬ǲʵ

ȻЩȴֱŲԼҷ棬ЦŴ߳ӭӡ
˵Ҳ˵䡣
ߵǰ˫ָŶӣŶ΢΢ףӣ

Ҳͬˡ

˴ŵЦݣЩеĲ

ڼУżҳѣ͸͹ԻеĶӡ
ֻﻳʱģﻳ̥µʱ򣬶Ӿͬ˵Ĳˡ
һ̥Ҳˡ

ֻϰСĲˣȥЪžǣôˡ
ԣЦп˼Ҳӭӣʧ

ںͷţ֪̾һ
һԶޣȥǺ䡣

ϰط£ֳһḺ
ӱ˵ġ

˺үͬ˵һ˵׼ĶǱʽҲ֪ǳԲԵϰߡ
үĵĵͷǡ
æ޷ģҲܲ
ͻȻ˺֮⣬ʱǲɡ
˿ȥҪٲ֮ʱˡ
ɲˣ˺͸̥졣

ԭҪϰ𵴵ʱһһйĸ¡
Ҳʲˡ

ˣиԵ˼
ǰ˷̲裬סԺţǽռ̲裬ǺһȣȴĲ
ϲȴĲ裬͵Ĳ˵ζ嵭ǵ̲ͲһˣԺϵǣζͼ䲻

˺ȵĶûʲôζֻϰ忴ųŮЦ⺢ӳڱ룬ͬĹӲͬǼЦˡ
ô˵ʲôģǸĸ̵ġ
ɼϰŮһǷݵģܹ޾ĳ󣬷õӡ

иƵġ
һȵ̲裬ϰ忪ʻ

Ӻͳпɺã

޵ڣҸȥˣĸǰҲţֻĸڡ

ϰͷͷ˵ʧ໹Ҷ࣬ǳӵûҪڴĸڣԶΡ
˵Ļ˵мֵġ
ĪȵΪʱӣźĪ

ϰ˵ⷬĳȰ˵һʱ֮ԼҲпࡣ
˺γʧȥԺ󣬲Żڡ

ʣϰʮ붨ӡ
ʱ껹СֻǵǼݶڴ̡

ϰ͵˵ͷֽͬ紦һ쵽ҵĺܡ
ˣΪȫСϿڷҲⱼ

˸ͷȴЩ˵ȥˡ
ϥϵ֣΢΢Щ

үס֣οš

һʱЩء
ֻаĿֿǸʵ벻׽յôһ£ƽôصһ˰ȴʧ˺üء

ս֣Ͳȥˣүҿ밢ҲιһǼ𣿡
һϰͷı˵ɢЩЦҲãųȥתתɡ

ɵĵͷŲĴ롣

ǶͬĸĽãҲֻԼ֪

ͬߵʱҲסشСأȴͬߡ
Ҳ֪ǲǺܳøЩ

ͳǴ𣿡

⻺˵Сʱסݡ

һЩģȴ仰ﺬ˼
˵ͷСϾʹЩǳҰ֡

ΪΣвµ˸ţȴʵ

֯Ž˵ʱ٣СͽЩ꣬ȴѧƽƽ
Ҳĳǰš

ڣԼĻ֯
ָֻǰһŷŵķ˵ţΪĵаˣݡ
湩ǵλ
ÿһʱ䣬ǡ
ڵʱһҲǰݡ
Խ˵ԽôҲΪ׼
һû˵ء

Ųһ٣Ǽ䷿ܹŵһѬζ
䷿УǲҲĸ
ЩҪ
ȴҲûɽȥ

֪ͷЩʲô˵ţԸոճ˵̣Ͳˡ

ԣԴ棬Ժ󣬰ͱùֵֹġ
⼸ÿ춼Ҫȥʣûеȥ

һ𣿡
ѵϰѾʲô

ЩǲҲʱ꣬Լԭһδĺӡ
Ǹӣʵš

Ǹӣһûţﻹ˵϶ΪǴð£вϣء
Գ΢ʣþǵĵÿ
ôЩˣһ˻شȥ棬ȴҲʱͬ˵ķ顣
˵ΪŹ

ʲôӵģʵ

ĿǼ䷿ƿЦǸĵط

լ߹һȦ˱ǻȥš

ϰЦͬ˵ʲôҪˣЩÿϧա

ţԵûûζ

ɫϰںδţǹȥ

ſ˿ڣлϰĺ⣬ϵ·͡
ƳվڲԶЩƣĳȴЦſϰ塣

ҲһЦ֣߰ɡ

޲ɣԵ˵ͷ͸ˡ
նлĿ

߹һ·ҵĴѾˡ

ЩźĿڣ䭣˱֮У͵ΪֹɡǶ˵Ҫµı룬һա
һ޾Ҳһֱڱ롣
ңЩӾԪˣȥݸĸء

޷ΪΣ

̧ͷԹ˸Ϊҵˡ
ûǹ
ôһƵƣϰʧ̬
ΪлöƵˣʲôԭأ

˵ĺȴҲס

յҲǷ޶Ϊ˴³ܣ˾Ҫˣ鲻ãԺҲá
ǵһжգһͶ
ɲˡ

ֻһҪȥ
Ψһźݹĸ
ֻϧҲû취ϰ壬ںεˡ

ס֣ɫ˭˵û취

͵̧ͷʲô
԰Ӿ˲ãô¶ܰ׵أ
ǳһ뷹ġ

ͻȻСʱжʱɲԷÿ춼׷󣬺Էȴǹؾصڷϣ˹һͣ

ͬϰ˵ǲվҪ̷ݣҪҰæĵط
ϰЩԥ˵һ룬뿪֮ǰҪԻҡ

ҿ˲վҪϾ˼һ¡
ʱǿɴΪһ㡣

ⷨʵ̫ơ
ļҪݵأ
ϰôܴӦ

ɿޣ䭣ⷨӿ𣿡

СʵǸˣֻʱã֮УѡԼһеñΪѡ
ǸСɵӡ

ϰΪһˣɫɫ˶ԴݵãһݻᣬܹЩͬѰġ
һ
֪ͷЩʲô

ƫСɵӴ˿ͻȻ͸Բ۾԰䭣ǲ͵͵ɵ
ֱǴ԰۾ͷɵ֡

΢΢һЦȻûС

ǲţһһߴʱʱػλǶ˽յ˫֡

Щ룬ͬ볯ͨ
æòɿɻ󣬱¶ģȫȨĪҪ˱ΪŬͬ󳼽ͨ

ڣ˴Ժȫ׵Ҳ̷شˡ
ôЩӣڼұ£Щӯʹͨһ¡

ЩĪĿһۣȻΰ䣬Щˡ

жĲУ޿ڣҪټһ

вһ㶣޽˵ߣÿس˰˰롣

ͨڰ䷢ˣһؾڹǰܳһȻ˰һ˸߲ҡ
˰ѣǵõֵɾ͸ࡣ
ʵ۱¿ʴȴ󷽡

ϰҲһסˡ
ⲻ
޻һ굽ͷõʱ򣬾ǴӾ·ݿʼ
ǰ˰أҪͷǮ
мܹٽЩǮˡ

ʰ˱룬˲ٱȥˡ
һͨʰҲ˿Ҫ

֪µʱ򣬲ԥԥޣ䭣òǹҷɣôƫƫʱ˰أ

޻ëͨó˰ռ룬˫ͼֶΪһָ룬δɡ
޵ȻһЦпͬˣϵǲײһˣҪ£ģЩǮҲ޲ɡ
ڲ࣬񣬴뱱ĹϵЩǺõġ

һ˵Ҳܶԡ
˵԰䭶ôǵһˣôƽ޹ʵأ

ΣƵ˵ţϾҪȢ˼ҹŮţܹҪƸģ˵Բԣ

һ¾ͺ͸ˣ㣬㣡
԰䭵ΪʲôԽԽ
ǰǸЦ¶ѵ԰أȥˣ

Һ֪ˣҲٶᡣ

վҪˡŲ豭
ûȥ޻̣ϰҲûҹǡ

̺ǻ֪޿ο

ڱ˴µĴʹţվҪ뿪ˡ
һ̣վͽСΧˣͷҪһŵĳʱա
ֻϧţ϶ûС

ǳʱµաŽţڿ˷ܵͬϰ֡

ϰ嵹ЩĲɡ

֪˶ã¶˾ģкŵƣõ꣬ȥȥͻء
ҹҲͬǽվҪ̻شˡ
ȥ룬ʱ³ݽ̷شͬҲҪشʲôղȥһֻͣ¾Ҳˡ

󿴣ҪȥﰡôܵҴææ֡
ĿǰĳǿϧΪʲôͲһ۴Ļʵ۹ʲôأ

ϰѾܶ꣬㼱Ҵҹ
Һýе˶ڿ֣ûͬԼĸϵ⡣
Ҳ֪ǿû

ڣ˳ǣƼⲻԶ⣬һˣǰһæ֣ӡ

ϰ壿̧ͷȥ⡣

ϰ崭һϻк飬ţǶλ

ˡ
Щ㱡

ϰ忴˿ޣĿȴϣǲǧȴֲ˵۳һĻһ·ء
ЦĺǴ顣
򴽣ؿڴЩͣлԡ
Ȼϳ
⼸ؼ棬˶ûô˵

ӣϻ˵ģĳҪĵطͬ˵ϰ忪ڵ

΢΢ף֪ϰҪĳЩʲô

ϰ֣µӲվҪԪڣûа취ȥɨĹǷ㣬ɷȥĹǰһأ
֪¶вףֻǿϰһ⣬ҽм
˵ΪУճȭͷ֣Ҳ΢΢š

Ŵ۾Ķ֪ˣ
ĺɰǿײ֣Ժжһ뷨

ǱѾӦϰУ޲ɣϰ御ܷġ

ϰƲסļ飬꣬ʤȴҲ˲ƽգҼ˽꣬ҷˡ

ףͬɢҵʱѾȥˡ
˵˴ʹҪᡣ

ӻͳһֽݵУҽڴ˵أͷλˡ

ӣǸˡŰ򣬳һء

ϰ̧Ҿλߡ

Ҫˣȴִܵϰǰվţϰ壬룬лİһҪ͸
ĺɰȡϰУЩŵ˵һպౣ塣
˵⻰һͷҲص֮ܽС
ɡԸ
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ϰ廹վԭأЩŵĿеĺɰ
ǸС͸һɰ
ɰһơ
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ţˡͷһÿϧ
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У岻󡣡һҪˡ
ϰûиŮϣȴҲ֪˶Էĺܺã㹻ˡ

д˵ַֽĬ˰κ󣬲ſڣߣȥݣ

֮УǲȥΪɨĹһرˮٵĵطȥ˵Щ죬ڵˡ

֮ս⿪ˣԸҲѾˡ

ݵĵλƵĻؾ

һ·ϣⷢ˳
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֮УͬԽԽ죬ÿҪ䡣
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԰䭵ĶԼҲûϵ
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ˣ

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԰䭿ɲôɵľͷŹɡ

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ЩΣָҡ
ԥԥĽַϣҪʲô

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ⲻСȴֿʼС¹ײͷ֮ˣԣ԰䭣Ҫʲô

ῪڣԼδֳܷʤΥԼҲҪгͷƶΪأ

ʲʲôͷ˵ˡֻƵЩЩκġ

޹һЦЦݻλ˻˵ۡ
΢΢ͷȥһؾףΣ

ֵʢʱڣ֮ϣ縡òڡ





69. [] ʮ   ԭ͸ԼҺ⡭

Ļ, ھǴ¡
֮ǰһѡжĻˮһͽ˹ȥ
˶ڵ˭ܳΪ
ֻϧЩ㹫ӸûܱҲͰˡ
Ȼһһ־硣

, ˲˵˽ȴҲֹԵӴ
ǰһĹ, ôͿ˳أ
û뵽꣬Ļ¶ˡ
Ż, ǰ˭û뵽
Ѹµʱ, ˭Ǵһ
˼ȥ, ⳤԵ, ֲ岻, Ҳ˵λĴ飬°䲼һϵж, ǹעͷȴ¡

˭Ŀ޳ͱ¼ֱǾ䡣

أ³һǽ, ʺϻޡ̫²ϲʽ
³һûˣƶϸһ, ϲķͼ, Ҳ͢Ͻ׼ϣҲʱܸġ

̫ǼԸСͳߵĺ, ؾͳɼҲźá
һһʼÿЦ, ˺̫ȴĲˡô룬үⰲŵĽԵӴСһ𳤴, 顢Ʒǿɶ˽ⲻģֵܹĹӣ㹻ˡ
ж೤أ̶̰֪꣬ĺˣ̫١

ⷭ͢ϲʽͷˣȥҲһµ飬͢ôϲôͼҲ;ʽ࣬û
ϵưý˿ߣܴ

ƫ̫±ҪߣΪӳ׵һֱϲζÿһ鶼Ҫϸʡ

ǸТ˳С˿ĥϲʽ˿һյʱ䣬Ƕ˷̫ϲ

ҪʱˣһǣѡϲûбҪѡ˰ɡ

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СϵЦҲסˣ԰䭣
վҪˣ㾹ȻջҪѵҡ
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